hello guys
I have 1 problem that seems very usual, so i wanted to make queue system on my music bot discord using lists.
I see a similar question from stack overflow too Discord py - music bot queue command,in this site I copied the answers and change a little bit to my code.
But then i tried to play some music, it show error like this
IndexError : list assigment index out of range
What does my code look like:
queue = []
class Music(commands.Cog):
def __init__(self, bot):
self.bot = bot
self.queue = queue
#bot.command(name='join', help='Tells the bot to join the voice channel')
async def join(self, ctx):
if not ctx.message.author.voice:
await ctx.send("{} tidak terkonek ke voice channel".format(ctx.message.author.name))
return
else:
channel = ctx.message.author.voice.channel
self.queue = {}
await ctx.send(f'Connected to ``{channel}``')
await channel.connect()
#commands.Cog.listener()
async def on_ready(self):
print('Music cog successfully loaded.')
#bot.command(name='p', help='To play song')
async def play(self, ctx, *, url): #im not using try: and except: because its always skips the 'try': part
channel = ctx.message.author.voice.channel
voice_client = discord.utils.get(bot.voice_clients, guild=ctx.guild)
if voice_client is not None:
if not voice_client.is_connected():
voice_client = await channel.connect()
else:
await ctx.send(f"konekin ke {ctx.message.author.voice.channel} voice channel")
try:
voice_client = await channel.connect()
await ctx.send(f"sudah konek ke {ctx.message.author.voice.channel} voice channel")
except Exception as e:
await ctx.send(e)
async with ctx.typing():
filename = await YT_dlpSource.from_url(url)
if len(self.queue) == 0:
self.start_playing(ctx.voice_client, filename)
await ctx.send(f' **Searching for** ``' + url + '``\n **Now Playing:** ``{}'.format(filename.title) + "``")
else:
self.queue[len(self.queue)] = filename
await ctx.send(f' **Searching for** ``' + url + '``\n **Now Playing:** ``{}'.format(filename.title) + "``")
await ctx.send("Somenthing went wrong - please try again later!")
def start_playing(self, voice_client, filename):
self.queue[0] = filename
i = 0
while i < len(self.queue):
try:
voice_client.play(self.queue[i], after=lambda e: print('Player error: %s' % e) if e else None)
except:
pass
i += 1
And the error shows:
Ignoring exception in command p:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/User/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/discord/ext/commands/core.py", line 85, in wrapped
ret = await coro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/User/DISCOBOT/discord/cogs/music.py", line 104, in play
self.start_playing(ctx.voice_client, filename)
File "/home/User/DISCOBOT/discord/cogs/music.py", line 116, in start_playing
self.queue[0] = filename
IndexError: list assignment index out of range
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/User/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/discord/ext/commands/bot.py", line 939, in invoke
await ctx.command.invoke(ctx)
File "/home/Najwan/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/discord/ext/commands/core.py", line 863, in invoke
await injected(*ctx.args, **ctx.kwargs)
File "/home/User/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/discord/ext/commands/core.py", line 94, in wrapped
raise CommandInvokeError(exc) from exc
discord.ext.commands.errors.CommandInvokeError: Command raised an exception: IndexError: list assignment index out of range
Thanks for the help guys.
This is happening because the value of self.queue is empty, i.e., it has no index or items.
Instead of doing this: self.queue[0] = filename
Do this: self.queue.append(filename)
Related
" i am trying to read data from the serial connection and doing some stuff if it matches my string but its giving me errors when i close the serial connection port"
" for some reason i do not see this error if i use the serial.readline() method "
import time
import serial
from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
class NonBlocking:
def __init__(self, serial_connection, radio_serial_connection):
self._s = serial_connection
self._q = Queue()
self.buf = bytearray()
def _populateQueue(serial_connection, queue):
if type(serial_connection) == str:
return
self.s = serial_connection
while True:
i = self.buf.find(b"\n")
if i >= 0:
r = self.buf[:i + 1]
self.buf = self.buf[i + 1:]
queue.put(r)
while True:
i = max(1, min(2048, self.s.in_waiting))
data = self.s.read(i)
i = data.find(b"\n")
if i >= 0:
r = self.buf + data[:i + 1]
self.buf[0:] = data[i + 1:]
a = r.split('\r\n')
for item in a:
if item:
queue.put(item)
else:
self.buf.extend(data)
self._t = Thread(target=_populateQueue, args=(self._s, self._q))
self._t.daemon = True
self._t.start()
def read_all(self, timeout=None):
data = list()
if self._q.empty():
pass
while not self._q.empty():
data.append(self._q.get(block=timeout is not None, timeout=timeout))
return data
class SerialCommands:
def __init__(self, port, baudrate):
self.serial_connection = serial.Serial(port, baudrate)
self.queue_data = NonBlocking(self.serial_connection, '')
def read_data(self):
returned_info = self.queue_data.read_all()
return returned_info
def close_q(self):
self.serial_connection.close()
class qLibrary:
def __init__(self):
self.q = None
self.port = None
def close_q_connection(self):
self.q.close_q()
def establish_connection_to_q(self, port, baudrate=115200, delay=2):
self.delay = int(delay)
self.port = port
try:
if not self.q:
self.q = SerialCommands(self.port, int(baudrate))
except IOError:
raise AssertionError('Unable to open {0}'.format(port))
def verify_event(self, data, timeout=5):
timeout = int(timeout)
data = str(data)
# print data
while timeout:
try:
to_analyze = self.q.read_data()
for item in to_analyze:
print "item: ", item
if str(item).find(str(data)) > -1:
print "Found data: '{0}' in string: '{1}'".format(data, item)
except:
pass
time.sleep(1)
timeout -= 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
q1 = qLibrary()
q1.establish_connection_to_q('COM5')
q1.verify_event("ATE")
q1.close_q_connection()
" i expect the code to close the serial connection without any exceptions or errors "
the output is
Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\Lib\threading.py", line 801, in __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Python27\Lib\threading.py", line 754, in run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "C:/Program Files (x86)/serialtest1.py", >line 27, in _populateQueue
data = self.s.read(i)
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\venv\lib\site->packages\serial\serialwin32.py", line 283, in read
ctypes.byref(self._overlapped_read))
TypeError: byref() argument must be a ctypes instance, not 'NoneType'
If you define your serial port with no timeout it will get the default setting timeout=None which means when you call serial.read(x) the code will block until you read x bytes.
If you never get those x bytes your code will get stuck in there waiting forever, or at least until you receive more data on the buffer to get the total number of bytes received equal to x.
If you mix that up with threading, I'm afraid you are quite likely closing the port while you are trying to read.
You can probably fix this issue just defining a sensible read timeout on your port or changing the way you read. The general advice is to set a timeout that works for your application and read at least the maximum number of bytes you expect. Reading your code, that seems to be what you wanted to do. If so, you forgot to set the timeout.
If you have a reason not to set a timeout or you want to keep your reading routine as it is, you can make your code work if you cancel reading before closing. You can do that with serial.cancel_read()
It's my first post, I hope it will be well done.
I'm trying to run the following ZipLine Algo with local AAPL data :
import pandas as pd
from collections import OrderedDict
import pytz
from zipline.api import order, symbol, record, order_target
from zipline.algorithm import TradingAlgorithm
data = OrderedDict()
data['AAPL'] = pd.read_csv('AAPL.csv', index_col=0, parse_dates=['Date'])
panel = pd.Panel(data)
panel.minor_axis = ['Open', 'High', 'Low', 'Close', 'Volume', 'Price']
panel.major_axis = panel.major_axis.tz_localize(pytz.utc)
print panel["AAPL"]
def initialize(context):
context.security = symbol('AAPL')
def handle_data(context, data):
MA1 = data[context.security].mavg(50)
MA2 = data[context.security].mavg(100)
date = str(data[context.security].datetime)[:10]
current_price = data[context.security].price
current_positions = context.portfolio.positions[symbol('AAPL')].amount
cash = context.portfolio.cash
value = context.portfolio.portfolio_value
current_pnl = context.portfolio.pnl
# code (this will come under handle_data function only)
if (MA1 > MA2) and current_positions == 0:
number_of_shares = int(cash / current_price)
order(context.security, number_of_shares)
record(date=date, MA1=MA1, MA2=MA2, Price=
current_price, status="buy", shares=number_of_shares, PnL=current_pnl, cash=cash, value=value)
elif (MA1 < MA2) and current_positions != 0:
order_target(context.security, 0)
record(date=date, MA1=MA1, MA2=MA2, Price=current_price, status="sell", shares="--", PnL=current_pnl, cash=cash,
value=value)
else:
record(date=date, MA1=MA1, MA2=MA2, Price=current_price, status="--", shares="--", PnL=current_pnl, cash=cash,
value=value)
#initializing trading enviroment
algo_obj = TradingAlgorithm(initialize=initialize, handle_data=handle_data)
#run algo
perf_manual = algo_obj.run(panel)
#code
#calculation
print "total pnl : " + str(float(perf_manual[["PnL"]].iloc[-1]))
buy_trade = perf_manual[["status"]].loc[perf_manual["status"] == "buy"].count()
sell_trade = perf_manual[["status"]].loc[perf_manual["status"] == "sell"].count()
total_trade = buy_trade + sell_trade
print "buy trade : " + str(int(buy_trade)) + " sell trade : " + str(int(sell_trade)) + " total trade : " + str(int(total_trade))
I was inspired by https://www.quantinsti.com/blog/introduction-zipline-python/ and https://www.quantinsti.com/blog/importing-csv-data-zipline-backtesting/.
I get this error :
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/main/Desktop/docs/ALGO_TRADING/_DATAS/_zipline_data_bundle /temp.py", line 51, in <module>
algo_obj = TradingAlgorithm(initialize=initialize, handle_data=handle_data)
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\zipline\algorithm.py", line 273, in __init__
self.trading_environment = TradingEnvironment()
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\zipline\finance\trading.py", line 99, in __init__
self.bm_symbol,
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\zipline\data\loader.py", line 166, in load_market_data
environ,
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\zipline\data\loader.py", line 230, in ensure_benchmark_data
last_date,
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\zipline\data\benchmarks.py", line 50, in get_benchmark_returns
last_date
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\data.py", line 137, in DataReader
session=session).read()
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\base.py", line 181, in read
params=self._get_params(self.symbols))
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\base.py", line 79, in _read_one_data
out = self._read_url_as_StringIO(url, params=params)
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\base.py", line 90, in _read_url_as_StringIO
response = self._get_response(url, params=params)
File "C:\Python27-32\lib\site-packages\pandas_datareader\base.py", line 139, in _get_response
raise RemoteDataError('Unable to read URL: {0}'.format(url))
pandas_datareader._utils.RemoteDataError: Unable to read URL: http://www.google.com/finance/historical?q=SPY&startdate=Dec+29%2C+1989&enddate=Dec+20%2C+2017&output=csv
I don't understand : "http://www.google.com/finance/historical?q=SPY&startdate=Dec+29%2C+1989&enddate=Dec+20%2C+2017&output=csv".
I don't ask for online data request... and not 'SPY' stock but 'APPL'...
What does this error mean to you ?
Thanks a lot for your help !
C.
Only reference and workaround I found regarding this issue is here:
from pandas_datareader.google.daily import GoogleDailyReader
#property
def url(self):
return 'http://finance.google.com/finance/historical'
GoogleDailyReader.url = url
do:
pip install fix_yahoo_finance
then modify the file: zipline/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/zipline/data/benchmarks.py
add the following two statements to the file:
import fix_yahoo_finance as yf
yf.pdr_override ()
then change following instruction:
data = pd_reader.DataReader (symbol, 'Google' first_date, last_date)
to:
data = pd_reader.get_data_yahoo(symbol,first_date, last_date)
I am trying to send a file across the network using Twisted with the LineReceiver protocol. The issue I am seeing is that when I read a binary file and try to send the chunks they simply don't send.
I am reading the file using:
import json
import time
import threading
from twisted.internet import reactor, threads
from twisted.protocols.basic import LineReceiver
from twisted.internet import protocol
MaximumMsgSize = 15500
trySend = True
connectionToServer = None
class ClientInterfaceFactory(protocol.Factory):
def buildProtocol(self, addr):
return WoosterInterfaceProtocol(self._msgProcessor, self._logger)
class ClientInterfaceProtocol(LineReceiver):
def connectionMade(self):
connectionToServer = self
def _DecodeMessage(self, rawMsg):
header, body = json.loads(rawMsg)
return (header, json.loads(body))
def ProcessIncomingMsg(self, rawMsg, connObject):
# Decode raw message.
decodedMsg = self._DecodeMessage(rawMsg)
self.ProccessTransmitJobToNode(decodedMsg, connObject)
def _BuildMessage(self, id, msgBody = {}):
msgs = []
fullMsgBody = json.dumps(msgBody)
msgBodyLength = len(fullMsgBody)
totalParts = 1 if msgBodyLength <= MaximumMsgSize else \
int(math.ceil(msgBodyLength / MaximumMsgSize))
startPoint = 0
msgBodyPos = 0
for partNo in range(totalParts):
msgBodyPos = (partNo + 1) * MaximumMsgSize
header = {'ID' : id, 'MsgParts' : totalParts,
'MsgPart' : partNo }
msg = (header, fullMsgBody[startPoint:msgBodyPos])
jsonMsg = json.dumps(msg)
msgs.append(jsonMsg)
startPoint = msgBodyPos
return (msgs, '')
def ProccessTransmitJobToNode(self, msg, connection):
rootDir = '../documentation/configs/Wooster'
exportedFiles = ['consoleLog.txt', 'blob.dat']
params = {
'Status' : 'buildStatus',
'TaskID' : 'taskID',
'Name' : 'taskName',
'Exports' : len(exportedFiles),
}
msg, statusStr = self._BuildMessage(101, params)
connection.sendLine(msg[0])
for filename in exportedFiles:
with open (filename, "rb") as exportFileHandle:
data = exportFileHandle.read().encode('base64')
params = {
ExportFileToMaster_Tag.TaskID : taskID,
ExportFileToMaster_Tag.FileContents : data,
ExportFileToMaster_Tag.Filename : filename
}
msgs, _ = self._BuildMessage(MsgID.ExportFileToMaster, params)
for m in msgs:
connection.sendLine(m)
def lineReceived(self, data):
threads.deferToThread(self.ProcessIncomingMsg, data, self)
def ConnectFailed(reason):
print 'Connection failed..'
reactor.callLater(20, reactor.callFromThread, ConnectToServer)
def ConnectToServer():
print 'Connecting...'
from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint
endpoint = TCP4ClientEndpoint(reactor, 'localhost', 8181)
deferItem = endpoint.connect(factory)
deferItem.addErrback(ConnectFailed)
netThread = threading.Thread(target=reactor.run, kwargs={"installSignalHandlers": False})
netThread.start()
reactor.callFromThread(ConnectToServer)
factory = ClientInterfaceFactory()
protocol = ClientInterfaceProtocol()
while 1:
time.sleep(0.01)
if connectionToServer == None: continue
if trySend == True:
protocol.ProccessTransmitJobToNode(None, None)
trySend = False
Is there something I am doing wrong?file is sent, it's when the write is multi part or there are more than one file it struggles.
If a single write occurs then the m
Note: I have updated the question with a crude piece of sample code in the hope it makes sense.
_BuildMessage returns a two-tuple: (msgs, '').
Your network code iterates over this:
msgs = self._BuildMessage(MsgID.ExportFileToMaster, params)
for m in msgs:
So your network code first tries to send a list of json encoded data and then tries to send the empty string. It most likely raises an exception because you cannot send a list of anything using sendLine. If you aren't seeing the exception, you've forgotten to enable logging. You should always enable logging so you can see any exceptions that occur.
Also, you're using time.sleep and you shouldn't do this in a Twisted-based program. If you're doing this to try to avoid overloading the receiver, you should use TCP's native backpressure instead by registering a producer which can receive pause and resume notifications. Regardless, time.sleep (and your loop over all the data) will block the entire reactor thread and prevent any progress from being made. The consequence is that most of the data will be buffered locally before being sent.
Also, your code calls LineReceiver.sendLine from a non-reactor thread. This has undefined results but you can probably count on it to not work.
This loop runs in the main thread:
while 1:
time.sleep(0.01)
if connectionToServer == None: continue
if trySend == True:
protocol.ProccessTransmitJobToNode(None, None)
trySend = False
while the reactor runs in another thread:
netThread = threading.Thread(target=reactor.run, kwargs={"installSignalHandlers": False})
netThread.start()
ProcessTransmitJobToNode simply calls self.sendLine:
def ProccessTransmitJobToNode(self, msg, connection):
rootDir = '../documentation/configs/Wooster'
exportedFiles = ['consoleLog.txt', 'blob.dat']
params = {
'Status' : 'buildStatus',
'TaskID' : 'taskID',
'Name' : 'taskName',
'Exports' : len(exportedFiles),
}
msg, statusStr = self._BuildMessage(101, params)
connection.sendLine(msg[0])
You should probably remove the use of threading entirely from the application. Time-based events are better managed using reactor.callLater (your main-thread loop effectively generates a call to ProcessTransmitJobToNode once hundred times a second (modulo effects of the trySend flag)).
You may also want to take a look at https://github.com/twisted/tubes as a better way to manage large amounts of data with Twisted.
I am a starter in using python. I am showing a section of the code I was working on. I was trying to communicate python to an arduino using pyserial and blinking a LED. I want to use the value returned by the function send_data to be used as an input for function delay_for_goodant. But when I run the code, I get the error
global name data not defined.
Any suggestions to get rid of this?
def openthedoor(set_accepted_list):
if(((len(set_accepted_list)) >0) & (set_forbidden_list == set()):
print"yes,open the gate"
use_door(1)
else:
print"no,close the gate"
use_door(0)
set_for_comparison = set(set_accepted_list & set_list_ant_id)
list_for_comparison = list(set_for_comparison)
return set_for_comparison,list_for_comparison
def establishing_connection():
print ser.read();
ser.write('1')
last_action = -1
def use_door(activate):
global last_action
if(last_action != activate):
send_data(activate)
last_action = activate
def send_data(data):
if (data ==0):
print "manga"
return True
else:
print "muringa"
return False
def delay_for_goodant(data):
print "thenga"
global ser
try:
if (ser == None):
ser = serial.Serial("COM1",9600,timeout = 0)
print "reconnect"
if send_data(data) is True:
ser.write('0')
time.sleep(0)
incoming_data = ser.readline()
print "python is telling arduino to keep the LED dim"
else:
ser.write('1')
time.sleep(0.7)
incoming_data2 = ser.readline()
print "python is telling the arduino to keep the LED bright"
except IOError:
ser = None
I call these functions in later parts of the code as. Am i doing a mistake here? What i am trying to do here is if data ==0, i want to ser.write('1').
establishing_connection()
set_for_comparison,list_for_comparison = openthedoor(set_accepted_list)
activate = use_door()
data = send_data(activate)
arabica = delay_for_goodant(data)
Also the value inside the function delay_for_goodant is not printed.
This is what i get, when i run the code:
True
muringa
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "door_code_final_calib_dig_2.py", line 352, in <module>
arabica = delay_for_goodant(data)
NameError: name 'data' is not defined
Hi guys I want ask about json.dump
I use scikit to tune some method with parameters and I want dump it to json, but I got some error here :
I have parameter with method KNN:
KNeighborsClassifier(algorithm=u'auto', leaf_size=30, metric=u'manhattan',
metric_params=None, n_jobs=-1, n_neighbors=300, p=2,
weights=u'distance')
But got error like this:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "jamu.py", line 1018, in <module>
main(argv)
File "jamu.py", line 863, in main
json.dumps(meta_clf, f)
File "C:\Python27\lib\json\__init__.py", line 250, in d
sort_keys=sort_keys, **kw).encode(obj)
File "C:\Python27\lib\json\encoder.py", line 207, in en
chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
File "C:\Python27\lib\json\encoder.py", line 270, in it
return _iterencode(o, 0)
File "C:\Python27\lib\json\encoder.py", line 184, in de
raise TypeError(repr(o) + " is not JSON serializable"
TypeError: KNeighborsClassifier(algorithm=u'auto', leaf_s
tan',
metric_params=None, n_jobs=-1, n_neighbors=300
weights=u'distance') is not JSON serializable
Is anything wrong with my code?
It is what it says on the tin, KNeighborsClassifier cannot be serialised with json.
You'll have to use a different way to serialise a model. For example you can use joblib:
from sklearn.external import joblib
# Suppose your KNeighborsClassifier model is called knn
joblib.dump(knn, 'some/kind/of/path/knn.joblib')
Loading a model is equally simple:
knn = joblib.load('some/kind/of/path/knn.joblib')
Check the joblib docs for what else it is good for.
finally i use this way:
meta_clf = KNeighborsClassifier(algorithm=u'auto', leaf_size=30, metric=u'manhattan',
metric_params=None, n_jobs=-1, n_neighbors=300, p=2,
weights=u'distance')
def print_to_json(meta_clf):
meta_clf_str = str(meta_clf)
meta_clf_str = meta_clf_str[meta_clf_str.index("(") + 1:meta_clf_str.rindex(")")]
meta_clf_str = meta_clf_str.replace('\n ', '')
meta_clf_str = meta_clf_str.replace(' ', '')
meta_clf_str = meta_clf_str.replace('=u\'', '=\'')
meta_clf_str = meta_clf_str.replace('\'', '')
meta_clf_str_list = meta_clf_str.split(',')
meta_clf_str_list_len = len(meta_clf_str_list)
meta_clf_str_lists = []
params = {}
for x in meta_clf_str_list:
meta_clf_str_list = x.split('=')
if meta_clf_str_list[1].isdigit() == True:
meta_clf_str_list[1] = int(meta_clf_str_list[1])
meta_clf_str_lists.append(meta_clf_str_list)
params[meta_clf_str_list[0]] = meta_clf_str_list[1]
return params
it's enough for me.
thanks for the asnwer thomas, i appreciate it.