What does the '?' symbol mean in a .htaccess rewrite condition? - regex

I have been reading the Rewrite condition info in the Apache documentation but have got nowhere, so I hope you can help. In my .htaccess file I had some lines that ran thus:
Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
rewritecond %{http_host} ^mydomain.com [nc]
rewriterule ^(.*)$ http://www.mydomain.com/$1 [r=301,nc]
I have since noticed that a dollar sign was missing from line 3, so it should have run thus:
rewritecond %{http_host} ^mydomain.com$ [nc]
So my question has two parts, was it working (doing anything) originally (and what??)? And if not, how was it interpreted with the missing '$'. Thank you.

Your question says ? but probably mean missing anchor $ from your regex.
rewritecond %{http_host} ^mydomain.com$ [nc]
Even more correct would be:
rewritecond %{http_host} ^mydomain\.com$ [nc]
Since dot can mean anything in regex and literal dot needs to be escaped.
Without $ also it might work but in theory it can match mydomain.comp also. With $ in place it can only match mydomain.com

Related

RewriteRule to handle one domain two folders to two domains no folder

I am attempting to create rewrite rules to handle some specific website redirections:
I would like domain1.ca/folder1/xyz to go to domain2.ca/xyz and domain1.ca/folder2/xyz to go to domain3.ca/xyz
Right now my attempts are as following:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain1.ca$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain1.ca$
RewriteRule ^(\/folder1\/)(.*)$ "https://domain2.ca/$1" [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain1.ca$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.domain1.ca$
RewriteRule ^(\/folder2\/)(.*)$ "https://domain3.ca/$1" [R=301,L]
Any help would be greatly appreciated :) Thx.
A couple of problems with your existsing rules:
In .htaccess the URL-path matched by the RewriteRule pattern does not start with a slash. So, the URL-path starts folder1/xyz, not /folder1/xyz.
You are unnecessarily capturing "folder1" in the first parenthesised subpattern and using this in the substitution string (ie. $1). You should be using $2, or don't capture the first path segment.
The directives could also be tidied up a bit (eg. no need to backslash-escape slashes in the regex and the conditions can be combined).
Try the following instead:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?domain1\.ca [NC]
RewriteRule ^folder1/(.*) https://domain2.ca/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?domain1\.ca [NC]
RewriteRule ^folder2/(.*) https://domain3.ca/$1 [R=301,L]
Additional notes:
The end-of-string anchor ($) following (.*)$ in the RewriteRule pattern is not required since regex is greedy by default.
You only need to surround the argument in double quotes if it contains spaces.
I removed the end-of-string anchor ($) from the end of the CondPattern to also match fully qualified domain names that end in a dot.
I added the NC flag to the condition. It's technically possible that some bots can send a mixed/uppercase Host header.
Test first with 302 (temporary) redirects to avoid potential caching issues.

htaccess RewriteRule regex

I have hundreds of these old links I need to redirect.
Here is one example:
/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=433:seventh-character-code-categories-and-icd-10-cm&Itemid=101&showall=1
to
/seventh-character-code-categories-and-icd-10-cm
Essentially I need to remove the /index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=433: part.
I tried this but I am getting confused with the [0-9] and : parts, so the following does not work:
RewriteRule ^/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=[0-9]:(.*)$ /$1 [L,R=301]
Say you want to capture from after : to right before & in the query string you mentioned, then try this expression:
^[^\:]*\:([^\&]*)\&.*$
As #starkeen mentioned in comments, you got to check against the query string. This can be done using RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING}
So if index.php is in the root folder:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^\/index\.php$
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^[^\:]*\:([^\&]*)\&.*$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/%1 [R=301,L]
Here's another example. This one is for a sub folder:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^\/pages\/index\.php$
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^[^\:]*\:([^\&]*)\&.*$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /pages/%1? [R=301,L]
Also, notice the ? at the end of the url /pages/%1?, this prevents from re-attaching the query string.
Another thing, captured groups will be set to variables %{number} since set in the RewriteCond.
BTW, depending on your server's configuration, you may need to add the NE flag, like [NE,L,R=301] Plus test whether it is necessary to double escape the literal characters.
what is about direct approach. Skip all till semicolon, mach string till & and replace all with first much
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [^:]+:([\w-]+[^&]).*
RewriteRule .*$ \/%1? [R=301,L]
</IfModule>

mod_rewrite trailing slash for directory and remove for file url

Ok. I got this problem I trying to remove the last slash in a file url for example http://domain.com/styles/styles.css/. I got the code for adding slash to the end but cannot figure how to do the conditional.
If the URL has an extesion then remove end slash
else add slash..
Here what I got right now some blogs says its the solution but still isn't working for what I expect.
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !\.[^./]+$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(.*)/$
RewriteRule ^(.*)([^/])$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1$2/ [L,R=301]
Also a problem, when I type http://domain.com/index it goes to http://domain.com/inde/.
Need your help guys.. Thanks a lot in advance.
add following code in your htaccess, for better understanding.
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^\.yourdomain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ http://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]
I have a link : domain.com/folder/
it will change to : domain.com//folder
also You can turn off mod_dir's redirect by including a DirectorySlash Off.
Why do you want to do an external redirect for such "furniture" files? Surely an internal redirect is what you want here?
Options -MultiViews
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.+)/$ $1 [L]
I advise that you turn off mutliviews if you don't use it as this can generate subrequests which confuse things.
Your RewriteCond conditions are logically inverted because you have the ! operator there. So the rewrite is applying only for those inputs which do not have extensions, and which do not have a trailing slash!
You can do this with a single rule with no conditions:
# Match any sequence of characters, ending in a dot followed
# by one or more characters that don't contain dots or slashes,
# followed by a final trailing slash.
#
# Rewrite this absolutely and treat as redirect.
RewriteRule ^(.*\.[^./]+)/$ /$1 [L, R=301]

rewriting a substring of a filename in RewriteRule

I am trying to use the .htaccess code to have different pages loaded when mobile user-agent recognized.
It doesn't work but I can't figure why, can someone please help?
The below RewriteConds work for me when followed by the RewriteRule for redirecting to subdomain, so I guess there must be a problem with my RewriteRules.
Help appreciated.
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} android|avantgo|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge\ |maemo|midp|mmp|opera\ m(ob|in)i|palm(\ os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows\ (ce|phone)|xda|xiino [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^(1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a\ wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r\ |s\ )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1\ u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp(\ i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-|\ |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac(\ |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt(\ |\/)|klon|kpt\ |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg(\ g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|e\-|e\/|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(di|rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-|\ |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v\ )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v\ )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-|\ )|webc|whit|wi(g\ |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|xda(\-|2|g)|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-) [NC]
RewriteRule ^regular.css$ mobi.css
RewriteRule ^view.$ mobile.view.
You writing ^view.$ supposes that you think of a file named "view." (it's the complete filename, ending with a dot). Is that really what you mean?
$ marks the end (of the original string the regex is being matched against). Perhaps, you don't need it.
(Read docs about regexes before you use them in order to understand every symbol you write! Writing code and not understanding what it means is not nice.)
Further problems
I see, after you get rid of the $, you might get further problems, because you might want to construct a complete filename on the right-hand side of the rewrite-rule (like something that eveluates to "mobile.view.mainlayout.php") (or not?).
I don't remember: does Apache's rewrite-rules rewrite only the small matched piece ("view.") in the string and concatenate it with the rest of the requested filename ("mainlayout.php"), or Apache throws away the old requested filename ("view.mainlayout.php") and replaces it with what it finds on the right-hand side of the rewrite-rule (so it must be not a replacing piece like "mobile.view.", but rather evaluate to a complete filename)?
If so, then match the rest of the string with ( ) in the regex on the left-hand side of the rewrite-rule, and insert the matched piece back on the right-hand side.
Main problem is that you cannot have multiple RewriteRules after RewriteConds, so your second RewriteRule will be executed every time.
You have to do a little workaround with the skip flag, see below.
Note: The RewriteConds are 'inverted'.
The second problem is your RegEx: RewriteRule ^view.$ mobile.view. just rewrites the URL view (followed by one random char) to the URL mobile.view..
As I noticed in your comment, you have to do something like this:
RewriteRule ^view\.(.*)$ mobile.view.$1 # files and .htaccess have to be in the same directory
Here the full Rewrite code:
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !android|avantgo|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge\ |maemo|midp|mmp|opera\ m(ob|in)i|palm(\ os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows\ (ce|phone)|xda|xiino [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^(1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a\ wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\-m|r\ |s\ )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\-(n|u)|c55\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\-|_)|g1\ u|g560|gene|gf\-5|g\-mo|go(\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\-(m|p|t)|hei\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp(\ i|ip)|hs\-c|ht(c(\-|\ |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac(\ |\-|\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt(\ |\/)|klon|kpt\ |kwc\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg(\ g|\/(k|l|u)|50|54|e\-|e\/|\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\-w|m3ga|m50\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\-cr|me(di|rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\-|\ |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v\ )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\-g|qa\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\-[2-7]|i\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\-|oo|p\-)|sdk\/|se(c(\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\-|shar|sie(\-|m)|sk\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\-|v\-|v\ )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\-|tdg\-|tel(i|m)|tim\-|t\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\-|m3|m5)|tx\-9|up(\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\-|\ )|webc|whit|wi(g\ |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|xda(\-|2|g)|yas\-|your|zeto|zte\-) [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [S=2] # skip next two RewriteRules if RewriteConds matched (= it's a desktop browser)
RewriteRule ^regular.css$ mobi.css
RewriteRule ^view\.(.*)$ mobile.view.$1
#Freelancer [Edited to fix errors and provide alternative]
You want a [PT] on your RewriteRule statements.
Skipping is probably your best bet:
RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "!(first-condition-regex)" [NC]
RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "!(second-condition-regex)" [NC]
RewriteRule "^" "-" [SKIP=2]
RewriteRule "^regular.css$" "mobi.css" [PT]
RewriteRule "^(view\..*)" "mobile.$1" [PT]
If you want to avoid inverting your conditions it gets a bit messier:
RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "first-condition-regex" [OR,NC]
RewriteCond "%{HTTP_USER_AGENT}" "second-condition-regex" [NC]
RewriteRule "^" "-" [E=MOBILE:TRUE]
RewriteCond "%{ENV:MOBILE}" "!=TRUE"
RewriteRule "^" "-" [SKIP=2]
RewriteRule "^regular.css$" "mobi.css" [PT]
RewriteRule "^(view\..*)" "mobile.$1" [PT]
As pointed out, all these files need to be in the same directory as the .htaccess file.

How to Redirect Subdomains to Other Domain

What I'm trying to accomplish with htaccess mod-rewrite:
Redirect all sub-domains to new domain name w rewrite rule.
e.g.
test1.olddomain.com ===> test1.newdomain.com
test2.olddomain.com ===> test2.newdomain.com
test3.olddomain.com ===> test3.newdomain.com
This is what I have so far which of course is wrong:
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^olddomain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.newdomain.com/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.olddomain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*) http://www.newdomain.com/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteRule [a-zA-Z]+\.olddomain.com$ http://$1.newdomain.com/ [R=301,L]
Since I'm not a Regular Expression junkie just yet, I need your help... Thanks for any help you can give here. I know also we can compile these first two conditions into one.
Note: The reason I don't redirect all domain using DNS is that a lot of directories need special rewrite rules in order to maintain positions on SEO.
In .htaccess files, the "URL" that RewriteRules match has been stripped of the domain name and any directories that led to the current directory. (Using mod_rewrite in .htaccess files is a huge pain; if you have access to the server conf do it there instead!!)
So, assuming that your .htaccess is in your DocumentRoot, try something like this:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(.*)olddomain\.com$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1newdomain.com/$1 [R=301,L]
The %1 is supposed to match the first group in the RewriteCond and the $1 is supposed to match the URL part.
RewriteRule ^(.+)\.olddomain\.com$ http://$1.newdomain.com/ [R=301,L]
You need to specify the ^ at the beginning to ask the regex engine to match a line beginning there. Next, you match anything before ".olddomain.com" and assign that to the first matched pattern (which will later be accessible in $1). You need to surround with parentheses (.+) in order for the match to be assigned to $1.