I managed to install FLTK properly and it compiles if I use library like this #include<FL/Fl_Window.H>, but now I want to compile this libraries attached below through the code provided below also;
libraries link:
https://github.com/BjarneStroustrup/Programming-_Principles_and_Practice_Using_Cpp
here are also images, shown with the errors when compiling if I will uncomment Polygon it shows different error with this content Polygon is ambiguous provided screens below also;
CODE:
#include "Simple_window.h" // get access to our window library
#include "Graph.h" // get access to our graphics library facilities
int main()
{
using namespace Graph_lib; // our graphics facilities are in Graph_lib
Point tl {100,100}; // to become top left corner of window
Simple_window win {tl,600,400,"Canvas"}; // make a simple window
Polygon poly; // make a shape (a polygon)
poly.add(Point{300,200}); // add a point
poly.add(Point{350,100}); // add another point
poly.add(Point{400,200}); // add a third point
poly.set_color(Color::red); // adjust properties of poly
win.attach (poly); // connect poly to the window
win.wait_for_button(); // give control to the display engine
}
Error When compile code above:
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp: In function 'int main()':
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp:8:5: error: reference to 'Polygon' is ambiguous
8 | Polygon poly; // make a shape (a polygon)
| ^~~~~~~
In file included from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\GUI.h:11,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Simple_window.h:2,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp:1:
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Graph.h:248:8: note: candidates are: 'struct Graph_lib::Polygon'
248 | struct Polygon : Closed_polyline { // closed sequence of non-intersecting lines
| ^~~~~~~
In file included from C:/msys64/mingw64/include/windows.h:71,
from C:/msys64/mingw64/include/FL/Fl_Window.H:26,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Window.h:5,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\GUI.h:10:
C:/msys64/mingw64/include/wingdi.h:3467:28: note: 'WINBOOL Polygon(HDC, const POINT*, int)'
3467 | WINGDIAPI WINBOOL WINAPI Polygon(HDC hdc,CONST POINT *apt,int cpt);
| ^~~~~~~
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp:9:5: error: 'poly' was not declared in this scope
9 | poly.add(Point{300,200}); // add a point
When Comment Out the using namespace Graph_lib
C:\msys64\mingw64\bin\g++.exe -fdiagnostics-color=always -g C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp -lfltk -o C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.exe
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp: In function 'int main()':
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp:8:5: error: reference to 'Polygon' is ambiguous
8 | Polygon poly; // make a shape (a polygon)
| ^~~~~~~
In file included from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\GUI.h:11,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Simple_window.h:2,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp:1:
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Graph.h:248:8: note: candidates are: 'struct Graph_lib::Polygon'
248 | struct Polygon : Closed_polyline { // closed sequence of non-intersecting lines
| ^~~~~~~
In file included from C:/msys64/mingw64/include/windows.h:71,
from C:/msys64/mingw64/include/FL/Fl_Window.H:26,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Window.h:5,
from C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\GUI.h:10:
C:/msys64/mingw64/include/wingdi.h:3467:28: note: 'WINBOOL Polygon(HDC, const POINT*, int)'
3467 | WINGDIAPI WINBOOL WINAPI Polygon(HDC hdc,CONST POINT *apt,int cpt);
| ^~~~~~~
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs\Test_output.cpp:9:5: error: 'poly' was not declared in this scope
9 | poly.add(Point{300,200}); // add a point
Error When Polygon is commented just to compile code without polygon:
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\ASUS\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgW0oJL.o: in function `main':
C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs/Test_output.cpp:7: undefined reference to `Simple_window::Simple_window(Graph_lib::Point, int, int, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\C++\GUI_Train\Libs/Test_output.cpp:14: undefined reference to `Simple_window::wait_for_button()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\ASUS\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgW0oJL.o:Test_output.cp:(.rdata$_ZTV13Simple_window[_ZTV13Simple_window]+0x20): undefined reference to `Graph_lib::Window::draw()'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\ASUS\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgW0oJL.o:Test_output.cp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZTVN9Graph_lib6ButtonE[.refptr._ZTVN9Graph_lib6ButtonE]+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for Graph_lib::Button'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\ASUS\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgW0oJL.o:Test_output.cp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE[.refptr._ZTVN9Graph_lib6WindowE]+0x0): undefined reference to `vtable for Graph_lib::Window'
this is my tasks:
{
"tasks": [
{
"type": "cppbuild",
"label": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file",
"command": "C:\\msys64\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
"args": [
"-fdiagnostics-color=always",
"-g",
"${file}",
"-lfltk",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
}
],
"version": "2.0.0"
}
Related
This question already has answers here:
Why is "using namespace std;" considered bad practice?
(41 answers)
Closed 9 months ago.
I am very new to coding in C++ and have little to no experience at all. My problem is: I wanted to use strings so i added #include to the includes in my code but VSCode tells me identifier "string" is undefinedC/C++(20). What I have done is added and modified a c_cpp_properties.json file vor VSCode:
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"/usr/include/**"
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
"cStandard": "gnu17",
"cppStandard": "gnu++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
}
],
"version": 4
}
But that didn't solve the problem. Also, I have made sure that C++ is installed, including the g++ compiler. In VSCode I am using following C++ plugins / addons: C/C++ and C/C++ Project Generator (which I don't really use).
This is the relevant part of my code:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
string s;
return 0;
}
And this is the error log / debug message:
g++ -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -g -Iinc -c src/main.cpp -o src/main.o
src/main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
src/main.cpp:30:2: error: ‘string’ was not declared in this scope
30 | string s;
| ^~~~~~
src/main.cpp:30:2: note: suggested alternatives:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/iosfwd:39,
from /usr/include/c++/9/ios:38,
from /usr/include/c++/9/ostream:38,
from /usr/include/c++/9/iostream:39,
from src/main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/9/bits/stringfwd.h:79:33: note: ‘std::string’
79 | typedef basic_string<char> string;
| ^~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/ios_base.h:41,
from /usr/include/c++/9/ios:42,
from /usr/include/c++/9/ostream:38,
from /usr/include/c++/9/iostream:39,
from src/main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/9/string:67:11: note: ‘std::pmr::string’
67 | using string = basic_string<char>;
| ^~~~~~
Solution: Replace string s; with std::string s;.
C++ strings are "hidden" inside the std namespace. The compiler doesn't recognize string because of that.
You could either include the entire std namespace:
using namespace std;
Do this for specifically strings and nothing else:
using std::string;
or type std::string instead of string when initializing strings. The C++ Standard Library is in the compiler's include path by default, you don't need to do anything extra to be able to use its headers.
I'm going crazy for this problem. I downloaded the source code and pre-compiled files of sqlite3 according to the tutorial, and used vs to compile, got the sqlite3.lib and sqlite3.exp files, and put it in the C: \ sql folder. Then I created the project in vscode, and put sqlite3.h in the root directory of the project, and created the following test code.
#include "sqlite3.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
#pragma comment(lib, "c:\\sql\\sqlite3.lib")
int main() {
sqlite3 *db = NULL;
char *zErrMsg = 0;
int rc;
rc = sqlite3_open("Student.db", &db);
if (rc) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
sqlite3_close(db);
exit(1);
} else
printf("open mydata successfully!\n");
sqlite3_close(db);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
My tasks.json
{
// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
// for the documentation about the tasks.json format
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "gdb",
"type": "shell",
"command": "g++",
"args": [
"${file}",
"-o",
"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
"-LC:\\sql",
// "${fileDirname}\\src\\Account.cpp",
// "${fileDirname}\\src\\Person.cpp",
// "${fileDirname}\\src\\Date.cpp",
// "${fileDirname}\\src\\System.cpp",
// "${fileDirname}\\src\\Administrator.cpp",
"-lsqlite3",
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
}
}
]
}
But no matter how I modify the tasks.json file, I still get the following result. I am really too lost. Can anyone help me how to solve this problem?
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Drew\AppData\Local\Temp\ccUXavQh.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x2e): undefined reference to `sqlite3_open'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Drew\AppData\Local\Temp\ccUXavQh.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x45): undefined reference to `sqlite3_errmsg'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Drew\AppData\Local\Temp\ccUXavQh.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to `sqlite3_close'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\Drew\AppData\Local\Temp\ccUXavQh.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x91): undefined reference to `sqlite3_close'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I personally download the sqlite-amalgamation source and compile it as a regular source file. SQLite made it very easy and you should have no problem https://www.sqlite.org/download.html
I don't mess with static/dynamic libs when I don't need to. The problem may occur because of which compiler compiled the library (ie ms compiler, mingw, clang, etc). There's a chance you may be mixing them causing the error. I suspect the precompile one is using ms compiler. From memory clang works with libs compiled with ms compiler (clang depends on it). mingw doesn't depend on it and won't use ms compiled libs
Normally I use VS19 for C++ programming, but I wanted to try if it works on VSCode on my Macbook, so I wrote a real simple program:
main
#include <iostream>
#include "test.hpp"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
testfile obj(5);
cout << "main.cpp" << endl;
obj.output();
return 0;
}
class header (.hpp)
#pragma once
using namespace std;
class testfile
{
private:
int i;
public:
testfile(int in) : i(in) {}
void output();
};
class file (.cpp)
#include "test.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void testfile::output()
{
cout << i << endl;
}
I know I could write the little output in the header, but I want to try if it works if the code is split up into many different files. I get the following error:
(PATH)..\Temp\ccITg6NM.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to
`testfile::output()' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The same goes for my windows laptop. I ran the exact same code on Visual Studio and it worked perfectly fine. I tried googling the error but tbh, I didn't got anything out of it...
I run VSCode with C/C++ intellisense and the compile & run plugin.
It's pretty tricky... I'm not sure but the linker maybe ignore the implementation of testfile::output() in test.cpp because the header test.hpp include implementation of constructor testfile::testfile(int in).
I actually cannot reproduce the problem, try this :
test.hpp
#pragma once
using namespace std;
class testfile
{
private:
int i;
public:
testfile(int in);
void output();
};
test.cpp
#include "test.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
testfile::testfile(int in) : i(in) {}
void testfile::output()
{
cout << i << endl;
}
I think it is better that all implementation are in *.cpp file like above.
EDIT :
I use g++ for compiling those files(I'm sorry I don't have VScode environment).
command line(correct) :
g++ main.cpp test.cpp -o out
output :
D:\workspace\test2\test2>out
main.cpp
5
command line(incorrect, test.cpp is missing) :
g++ main.cpp -o out
output :
${User}\AppData\Local\Temp\ccYKJ92L.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `testfile::testfile(int)'
${User}\AppData\Local\Temp\ccYKJ92L.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x48): undefined reference to `testfile::output()'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
command line(incorrect, main.cpp is missing) :
g++ test.cpp -o out
output :
C:/Program Files/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/libmingw32.a(lib64_libmingw32_a-crt0_c.o):crt0_c.c:(.text.startup+0x2e): undefined reference to `WinMain'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
EDIT2 :
I installed VSCode although I use windows, I think I figured out why these type of error occur.
You might use F6 command for build the sources w/ C/C++ Compile Run, but the F6 command is applied only for a file which is currently selected and showed on editor. You select main.cpp then linker cannot find method of class testfile, otherwise select test.cpp then linker cannot find entry point(main) of project.
So if you want to build correctly, you must make kind of build script(makefile, json, something).
If you type Ctrl+Shift+P, you can fild Tasks: Configure task tab. Click them and configure your setting(host OS, compiler, ...) It would gives you default tasks.json file with minimal form.
I use this json file(Windows, mingw(gcc for windows))
tasks.json
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"command": "g++",
// compiles and links with debugger information
"args": ["-g", "-o", "out.exe", "main.cpp", "test.cpp"],
}
Ctrl+Shift+B (build using above json), then its output:
running command> g++ -g -o out.exe main.cpp test.cpp
It builds out.exe file successfully.
If you want to debug or run, use F5 or Ctrl+F5 or Debug tab on the top menu bar, then its output on debug console:
main.cpp
5
Debug or run step refers to launch.json file like build step refers to tasks.json file.
for reference, launch.json :
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(Windows)build test",
"type": "cppvsdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/out.exe",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false
}
]
}
Concolusionally it's not problem of source.
For further infomation refer to this post :
How do I set up Visual Studio Code to compile C++ code?
I'm trying to create own c++ addon to node from code that was written by my collegue.
It compiles to file.node and then it crashes when I try to use it in node.
I have tried to prebuild library, then use library.dylib and also to build it together by node-gyp.
Both of these approaches compile and throw an error on runtime.
What else can I do?
I'm working on OSX Mojave.
I've checked:
How to include c++ libraries so that node-gyp can link?
dyld: lazy symbol binding failed
Whole error:
dyld: lazy symbol binding failed: Symbol not found:
__ZN3mds7computeERNSt3__16vectorINS1_IdNS0_9allocatorIdEEEENS2_IS4_EEEE
Referenced from: /.../node_folder/build/release/file.node
Expected in: flat namespace
My gyp file:
{
"targets": [
{
"target_name": "name",
"sources": ["file.cc"],
"include_dirs": [
"<!(node -e \"require('nan')\")",
"/path/to/cpp/src/"
],
"link_settings": {
"libraries": ["-L/path/to/dylib/directory"]
},
"libraries": ["-L/path/to/dylib/directory"]
}
]
}
My package.json
{
...
"dependencies": {
"nan": "^2.12.1",
"node-gyp": "^3.8.0"
},
"scripts": {
"compile": "node-gyp rebuild",
"start": "node index.js"
},
"gypfile": true
}
My binding file:
#include <nan.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <my_header_file.h>
using namespace v8;
NAN_METHOD(compute)
{
if (!info[0]->IsArray())
{
Nan::ThrowTypeError("Argument myst be an array");
return;
}
...
std::vector<std::vector<double>> vector;
... (filling the vector with data)
//static std::vector<std::vector<double>> compute(std::vector<std::vector<double>> & distances_matrix);
mds::compute(vector);
}
NAN_MODULE_INIT(Initialize)
{
NAN_EXPORT(target, compute);
}
NODE_MODULE(addon, Initialize);
I see you are importing your header at #include <my_header_file.h>.
If you are calling a method from your custom class for your NAN_METHOD you need to call it inline or else the compiler will not know where to look.
Run "c++filt (missing symbol)" to demangle and see where you need to call it
Example
Instead of method()
Use Class::method()
Your missing symbol demangled is mds::compute(std::__1::vector<std::__1::vector<double, std::__1::allocator<double> >, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::vector<double, std::__1::allocator<double> > > >&)
I have solved from https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp/issues/1380,
The missing symbol's name indicates it's not using C linkage.
I just add extern "C" in the header file
extern "C" double add(double a ,double b);
Trying to configure SDL2 with VS Code (BTW someone should make a Youtube video on how to do this it's taken me a week and a half so far) and I thought I was almost done when these lovely errors popped up:
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_OutOfMemory]+0xf): undefined reference to `SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_utf8]+0x4): undefined reference to `SDL_SetMainReady'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0xc): undefined reference to `SDL_wcslen'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0x21): undefined reference to `SDL_iconv_string'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0x3c): undefined reference to `SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0xb8): undefined reference to `SDL_malloc'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0xd3): undefined reference to `SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0xe9): undefined reference to `SDL_SetMainReady'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0xf8): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_main_getcmdline]+0xfe): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_wmain]+0x13): undefined reference to `SDL_malloc'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_wmain]+0x2c): undefined reference to `SDL_wcslen'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_wmain]+0x43): undefined reference to `SDL_iconv_string'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_wmain]+0x61): undefined reference to `SDL_SetMainReady'
C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib(Win32/Release/SDL_windows_main.obj):(.text[_wmain]+0x73): undefined reference to `SDL_free'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The terminal process terminated with exit code: 1
This is what my tasks.json file looks like:
{
// See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
// for the documentation about the tasks.json format
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "echo",
"type": "shell",
"command": "g++",
"args": [
"-g",
"-o",
"C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2.dll",
"C:/MinGW/bin/main.cpp",
"C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2.lib",
"C:/MinGW/bin/SDL2main.lib",
"-lmingw32",
"-mwindows"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
},
]
}
What am I doing to get all these errors? What must I fix about SDL2main.lib? An answer would make me very happy :)