I tried programming a file writer, but when i try to write to a file with something that has multiple words it will suddenly create files.
My code
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char cwd[256];
while (true) {
getcwd(cwd, 256);
std::string cwd_s = (std::string)cwd;
std::string Input;
std::cout << cwd_s << "> ";
std::cin >> Input;
std::ofstream file(Input);
std::cout << "cmd /";
std::cin >> Input;
file << Input;
};
for (int i; i < argc; i++) {
std::cout << argv[i] << '\n';
};
return 0;
}
I expected to get this:
C:\Users\code> File.txt
cmd /hello world!
File.txt
hello world!
But it only had "hello", it created another file named world!
I have tried changing the code, but to no avail.
So I have wrote this code that I think does what you expect. The behavior you were seing is because you used the same string to store the filename and the user input. Also you redefined a new file every loop (without closing the previous one). I added a signal handler since if you press Ctrl+C the program would quit without saving/closing the file.
I added comments about how you can make a better CLI interface (if you're interested)
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
std::ofstream outfile;
void signalHandler(int signum) {
outfile.close();
exit(signum);
}
int main() {
char cwd[256];
if (getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)) != NULL) {
std::cout << cwd << "> ";
} else {
std::cerr << "Error: Could not get current working directory." << std::endl;
return 1;
}
std::string filename;
std::getline(std::cin, filename);
outfile.open(filename);
// We intercept the Ctrl+C signal to close the file before exiting. Else nothing will be written to it.
// You can also use Ctrl+D (EOF: End Of File) to exit the program.
// The best praticte would be to implement a command line interface with a "quit" command. (like a map<string, function> for example)
signal(SIGINT, signalHandler);
// Another good practice is to check if the file did open correctly.
if (!outfile.is_open()) {
std::cerr << "Error: Could not open file for writing." << std::endl;
return 1;
}
std::cout << "cmd / ";
char ch;
while (std::cin.get(ch)) {
outfile.put(ch);
if (ch == '\n') {
std::cout << "cmd / ";
}
}
outfile.close();
return 0;
}
Hope it will help you ! And if you have any question about the code feel free to ask I'll explain !
Related
For my formation, an exercise ask us to create a program similar to the linux 'cat' command.
So to read the file, i use an ifstream, and everything work fine for regular file.
But not when i try to open /dev/ files like /dev/stdin: the 'enter' is not detected and so, getline really exit only when the fd is being closed (with a CTRL-D).
The problem seems to be around how ifstream or getline handle reading, because with the regular 'read' function from libc, this problem is not to be seen.
Here is my code:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <errno.h>
#ifndef PROGRAM_NAME
# define PROGRAM_NAME "cato9tails"
#endif
int g_exitCode = 0;
void
displayErrno(std::string &file)
{
if (errno)
{
g_exitCode = 1;
std::cerr << PROGRAM_NAME << ": " << file << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
}
}
void
handleStream(std::string file, std::istream &stream)
{
std::string read;
stream.peek(); /* try to read: will set fail bit if it is a folder. */
if (!stream.good())
displayErrno(file);
while (stream.good())
{
std::getline(stream, read);
std::cout << read;
if (stream.eof())
break;
std::cout << std::endl;
}
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc == 1)
handleStream("", std::cin);
else
{
for (int index = 1; index < argc; index++)
{
errno = 0;
std::string file = std::string(argv[index]);
std::ifstream stream(file, std::ifstream::in);
if (stream.is_open())
{
handleStream(file, stream);
stream.close();
}
else
displayErrno(file);
}
}
return (g_exitCode);
}
We can only use method from libcpp.
I have search this problem for a long time, and i only find this post where they seems to have a very similar problem to me:
https://github.com/bigartm/bigartm/pull/258#issuecomment-128131871
But found no really usable solution from them.
I tried to do a very ugly solution but... well...:
bool
isUnixStdFile(std::string file)
{
return (file == "/dev/stdin" || file == "/dev/stdout" || file == "/dev/stderr"
|| file == "/dev/fd/0" || file == "/dev/fd/1" || file == "/dev/fd/2");
}
...
if (isUnixStdFile(file))
handleStream(file, std::cin);
else
{
std::ifstream stream(file, std::ifstream::in);
...
As you can see, a lot of files are missing, this can only be called a temporary solution.
Any help would be appreciated!
The following code worked for me to deal with /dev/fd files or when using shell substitute syntax:
std::ifstream stream(file_name);
std::cout << "Opening file '" << file_name << "'" << std::endl;
if (stream.fail() || !stream.good())
{
std::cout << "Error: Failed to open file '" << file_name << "'" << std::endl;
return false;
}
while (!stream.eof() && stream.good() && stream.peek() != EOF)
{
std::getline(stream, buffer);
std::cout << buffer << std::endl;
}
stream.close();
Basically std::getline() fails when content from the special file is not ready yet.
ifstream fin;
fin.open("C:\\Users\\Zach\\Desktop\\input.txt");
if (!fin)
{
cout << "e";
}
e is printing whether I use the full pathway or just input.txt from a resource file
If the file exists, make sure that you have got the path specified correctly. Since you're running on Windows, you can verify the full path to your executable with the following code.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>
#define BUFSIZE 4096
std::string getExePath()
{
char result[BUFSIZE];
return std::string(result, GetModuleFileName(NULL, result, BUFSIZE));
}
int main()
{
std::ifstream infile("input.txt");
if (infile.is_open())
{
std::cout << "Success!" << std::endl;
infile.close();
}
else
{
std::cout << "Failed to open input.txt!" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Executable path is ->" << getExePath() << "<-" << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
This will allow you to verify that your path to the input file is correct, assuming that it's collocated with your executable.
You need to direct output into the ifstream object by using fin << "string"; and not directing to standard out via cout.
I want to create a small code in C++ with the same functionality as "tail-f": watch for new lines in a text file and show them in the standard output.
The idea is to have a thread that monitors the file
Is there an easy way to do it without opening and closing the file each time?
Have a look at inotify on Linux or kqueue on Mac OS.
Inotify is Linux kernel subsystem that allows you to subscribe for events on files and it will report to your application when the even happened on your file.
Just keep reading the file. If the read fails, do nothing. There's no need to repeatedly open and close it. However, you will find it much more efficient to use operating system specific features to monitor the file, should your OS provide them.
Same as in https://stackoverflow.com/a/7514051/44729 except that the code below uses getline instead of getc and doesn't skip new lines
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
static int last_position=0;
// read file untill new line
// save position
int find_new_text(ifstream &infile) {
infile.seekg(0,ios::end);
int filesize = infile.tellg();
// check if the new file started
if(filesize < last_position){
last_position=0;
}
// read file from last position untill new line is found
for(int n=last_position;n<filesize;n++) {
infile.seekg( last_position,ios::beg);
char test[256];
infile.getline(test, 256);
last_position = infile.tellg();
cout << "Char: " << test <<"Last position " << last_position<< endl;
// end of file
if(filesize == last_position){
return filesize;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
for(;;) {
std::ifstream infile("filename");
int current_position = find_new_text(infile);
sleep(1);
}
}
I read this in one of Perl manuals, but it is easily translated into standard C, which, in turn, can be translated to istreams.
seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE
Sets FILEHANDLE's position, just like the "fseek" call of
"stdio".
<...>
A WHENCE of 1 ("SEEK_CUR") is useful for not moving the file
position:
seek(TEST,0,1);
This is also useful for applications emulating "tail -f". Once
you hit EOF on your read, and then sleep for a while, you might
have to stick in a seek() to reset things. The "seek" doesn't
change the current position, but it does clear the end-of-file
condition on the handle, so that the next "<FILE>" makes Perl
try again to read something. We hope.
As far as I remember, fseek is called iostream::seekg. So you should basically do the same: seek to the end of the file, then sleep and seek again with ios_base::cur flag to update end-of-file and read some more data.
Instead of sleeping, you may use inotify, as suggested in the other answer, to sleep (block while reading from an emulated file, actually) exactly until the file is updated/closed. But that's Linux-specific, and is not standard C++.
I needed to implement this too, I just wrote a quick hack in standard C++. The hack searches for the last 0x0A (linefeed character) in a file and outputs all data following that linefeed when the last linefeed value becomes a larger value. The code is here:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int find_last_linefeed(ifstream &infile) {
infile.seekg(0,ios::end);
int filesize = infile.tellg();
for(int n=1;n<filesize;n++) {
infile.seekg(filesize-n-1,ios::beg);
char c;
infile.get(c);
if(c == 0x0A) return infile.tellg();
}
}
int main() {
int last_position=-1;
for(;;) {
ifstream infile("testfile");
int position = find_last_linefeed(infile);
if(position > last_position) {
infile.seekg(position,ios::beg);
string in;
infile >> in;
cout << in << endl;
}
last_position=position;
sleep(1);
}
}
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define debug 0
class MyTail
{
private:
std::list<std::string> mLastNLine;
const int mNoOfLines;
std::ifstream mIn;
public:
explicit MyTail(int pNoOfLines):mNoOfLines(pNoOfLines) {}
const int getNoOfLines() {return mNoOfLines; }
void getLastNLines();
void printLastNLines();
void tailF(const char* filename);
};
void MyTail::getLastNLines()
{
if (debug) std::cout << "In: getLastNLines()" << std::endl;
mIn.seekg(-1,std::ios::end);
int pos=mIn.tellg();
int count = 1;
//Get file pointer to point to bottom up mNoOfLines.
for(int i=0;i<pos;i++)
{
if (mIn.get() == '\n')
if (count++ > mNoOfLines)
break;
mIn.seekg(-2,std::ios::cur);
}
//Start copying bottom mNoOfLines string into list to avoid I/O calls to print lines
std::string line;
while(getline(mIn,line)) {
int data_Size = mLastNLine.size();
if(data_Size >= mNoOfLines) {
mLastNLine.pop_front();
}
mLastNLine.push_back(line);
}
if (debug) std::cout << "Out: getLastNLines()" << std::endl;
}
void MyTail::printLastNLines()
{
for (std::list<std::string>::iterator i = mLastNLine.begin(); i != mLastNLine.end(); ++i)
std::cout << *i << std::endl;
}
void MyTail::tailF(const char* filename)
{
if (debug) std::cout << "In: TailF()" << std::endl;
int date = 0;
while (true) {
struct stat st;
stat (filename, &st);
int newdate = st.st_mtime;
if (newdate != date){
system("#cls||clear");
std::cout << "Print last " << getNoOfLines() << " Lines: \n";
mIn.open(filename);
date = newdate;
getLastNLines();
mIn.close();
printLastNLines();
}
}
if (debug) std::cout << "Out: TailF()" << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc==1) {
std::cout << "No Extra Command Line Argument Passed Other Than Program Name\n";
return 0;
}
if(argc>=2) {
MyTail t1(10);
t1.tailF(argv[1]);
}
return 0;
}
I was wondering if you could have it so when you go and click on a program in linux it always automatically brings up the command line for the information being displayed or if I decided to use ncurses for an interface. If so is this a system specific call or can you do this with ncurses? Because half of my program is going to be via terminal.
Thanks
Since nitt wouldn't let me amend his code snippet, I'm posting a corrected snippet in case anyone would like to use it:
#include <cstdio>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (isatty(0))
{
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
for (int i=0; i<argc; i++)
std::cout << "arg: " << i << "\t" << argv[i] << std::endl;
std::cout << "Press return to continue . . ." << std::flush;
std::cin.get();
}
else
{
const char* args[argc+3], **it=args;
*it++ = "gnome-terminal";
*it++ = "-x";
it = std::copy(argv, argv+argc, it);
*it++ = 0;
if (-1 == execvp("gnome-terminal", (char* const*) &args[0]))
perror("exec");
}
}
Yes, just invoke a terminal with your app in it. For example:
rxvt -e myapp
Starts a terminal running your app. You could also use xterm. If you want to use wide chars/unicode I recommend rxvt-unicode.
You can put this in a .desktop file with an icon defined there, and then that will be placed in the system menu.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int fileExists(string x321) {
ifstream x123 (x321.c_str());
string x213;
x123 >> x213;
if (x213 == "") {
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
int createConsole(string fname) {
if (fileExists("~tmp") == false) {
ofstream tmp ("~tmp");
tmp << "tmpfile";
fname = "gnome-terminal -e " + fname;
system(fname.c_str());
system("exit");
return 0;
}
remove("~tmp");
return 1;
}
int main(int argc, char** args) {
createConsole(args[0]);
cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
cout << "Press return to continue . . .";
cin.get();
}
Pay attention to the "createConsole" and "fileExists" function. I wrote this myself.
I want to create a small code in C++ with the same functionality as "tail-f": watch for new lines in a text file and show them in the standard output.
The idea is to have a thread that monitors the file
Is there an easy way to do it without opening and closing the file each time?
Have a look at inotify on Linux or kqueue on Mac OS.
Inotify is Linux kernel subsystem that allows you to subscribe for events on files and it will report to your application when the even happened on your file.
Just keep reading the file. If the read fails, do nothing. There's no need to repeatedly open and close it. However, you will find it much more efficient to use operating system specific features to monitor the file, should your OS provide them.
Same as in https://stackoverflow.com/a/7514051/44729 except that the code below uses getline instead of getc and doesn't skip new lines
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
static int last_position=0;
// read file untill new line
// save position
int find_new_text(ifstream &infile) {
infile.seekg(0,ios::end);
int filesize = infile.tellg();
// check if the new file started
if(filesize < last_position){
last_position=0;
}
// read file from last position untill new line is found
for(int n=last_position;n<filesize;n++) {
infile.seekg( last_position,ios::beg);
char test[256];
infile.getline(test, 256);
last_position = infile.tellg();
cout << "Char: " << test <<"Last position " << last_position<< endl;
// end of file
if(filesize == last_position){
return filesize;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
for(;;) {
std::ifstream infile("filename");
int current_position = find_new_text(infile);
sleep(1);
}
}
I read this in one of Perl manuals, but it is easily translated into standard C, which, in turn, can be translated to istreams.
seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE
Sets FILEHANDLE's position, just like the "fseek" call of
"stdio".
<...>
A WHENCE of 1 ("SEEK_CUR") is useful for not moving the file
position:
seek(TEST,0,1);
This is also useful for applications emulating "tail -f". Once
you hit EOF on your read, and then sleep for a while, you might
have to stick in a seek() to reset things. The "seek" doesn't
change the current position, but it does clear the end-of-file
condition on the handle, so that the next "<FILE>" makes Perl
try again to read something. We hope.
As far as I remember, fseek is called iostream::seekg. So you should basically do the same: seek to the end of the file, then sleep and seek again with ios_base::cur flag to update end-of-file and read some more data.
Instead of sleeping, you may use inotify, as suggested in the other answer, to sleep (block while reading from an emulated file, actually) exactly until the file is updated/closed. But that's Linux-specific, and is not standard C++.
I needed to implement this too, I just wrote a quick hack in standard C++. The hack searches for the last 0x0A (linefeed character) in a file and outputs all data following that linefeed when the last linefeed value becomes a larger value. The code is here:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int find_last_linefeed(ifstream &infile) {
infile.seekg(0,ios::end);
int filesize = infile.tellg();
for(int n=1;n<filesize;n++) {
infile.seekg(filesize-n-1,ios::beg);
char c;
infile.get(c);
if(c == 0x0A) return infile.tellg();
}
}
int main() {
int last_position=-1;
for(;;) {
ifstream infile("testfile");
int position = find_last_linefeed(infile);
if(position > last_position) {
infile.seekg(position,ios::beg);
string in;
infile >> in;
cout << in << endl;
}
last_position=position;
sleep(1);
}
}
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define debug 0
class MyTail
{
private:
std::list<std::string> mLastNLine;
const int mNoOfLines;
std::ifstream mIn;
public:
explicit MyTail(int pNoOfLines):mNoOfLines(pNoOfLines) {}
const int getNoOfLines() {return mNoOfLines; }
void getLastNLines();
void printLastNLines();
void tailF(const char* filename);
};
void MyTail::getLastNLines()
{
if (debug) std::cout << "In: getLastNLines()" << std::endl;
mIn.seekg(-1,std::ios::end);
int pos=mIn.tellg();
int count = 1;
//Get file pointer to point to bottom up mNoOfLines.
for(int i=0;i<pos;i++)
{
if (mIn.get() == '\n')
if (count++ > mNoOfLines)
break;
mIn.seekg(-2,std::ios::cur);
}
//Start copying bottom mNoOfLines string into list to avoid I/O calls to print lines
std::string line;
while(getline(mIn,line)) {
int data_Size = mLastNLine.size();
if(data_Size >= mNoOfLines) {
mLastNLine.pop_front();
}
mLastNLine.push_back(line);
}
if (debug) std::cout << "Out: getLastNLines()" << std::endl;
}
void MyTail::printLastNLines()
{
for (std::list<std::string>::iterator i = mLastNLine.begin(); i != mLastNLine.end(); ++i)
std::cout << *i << std::endl;
}
void MyTail::tailF(const char* filename)
{
if (debug) std::cout << "In: TailF()" << std::endl;
int date = 0;
while (true) {
struct stat st;
stat (filename, &st);
int newdate = st.st_mtime;
if (newdate != date){
system("#cls||clear");
std::cout << "Print last " << getNoOfLines() << " Lines: \n";
mIn.open(filename);
date = newdate;
getLastNLines();
mIn.close();
printLastNLines();
}
}
if (debug) std::cout << "Out: TailF()" << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if(argc==1) {
std::cout << "No Extra Command Line Argument Passed Other Than Program Name\n";
return 0;
}
if(argc>=2) {
MyTail t1(10);
t1.tailF(argv[1]);
}
return 0;
}