A timer that adds a second when it is paused - c++

Question

This should be a normal timer that runs until it's either paused or exited. The code is exited by the NextStep() Function. And The timer is supposed to pause and stay paused until it's pressed again.
However, when I press the spacebar, the timer stops only after adding another digit to the timer.
An example of the problem:
01sec
02sec
I press the spacebar.
03sec (+1sec)
The timer pauses.
On the other hand, the code that executes the NextStep() works fine without any delays.
I tried rewriting it in different ways, but none of them worked.
#pragma once
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <math.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
void NextStep();
bool pause = false;
bool stop = false;
void wait(int milliseconds)
{
int counter = 0;
while (pause) {
char ch = _getch();
if (ch == ' ')
{
pause = !pause;
}
else if (ch == 27)
{
cout << "\033c";
NextStep();
stop = true;
}
}
while (counter < milliseconds && !stop)
{
if (pause) {
continue;
}
if (pause == false) {
this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(1));
counter++;
}
}
}
void timer()
{
int seconds = 0;
int minutes = 0;
int hours = 0;
while (true)
{
cout << "\033c";
cout << setfill(' ') << setw(55) << " Timer \n";
cout << " ";
cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hours << "h ";
cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << minutes << "min ";
cout << setfill('0') << setw(2) << seconds << "sec ";
wait(60);
seconds++;
if (seconds == 60) {
minutes++;
seconds = 0;
}
else if (minutes == 60)
{
hours++;
minutes = 0;
seconds = 0;
}
if (_kbhit())
{
char ch = _getch();
if (ch == ' ')
{
pause = !pause;
}
else if (ch == 27)
{
cout << "\033c";
NextStep();
stop = true;
break;
}
}
}
}
Here's the NextStep() function:
void NextStep()
{
string option;
correct = false;
cout << "\033c";
cout << "Loading...";
Sleep(1300);
cout << "\033c";
cout << "What would you like to do next?" << endl;
cout << "" << endl;
cout << "To change your password TYPE: password" << endl;
cout << "To use a calculator TYPE: calculator" << endl;
cout << "To use a timer TYPE: timer" << endl;
cout << "" << endl;
cout << "Type your choice: ";
UserInput();
}

Answer 1

I'm not sure I understand all the workings of your code, but I think I understand that you need to have a timer that can be started, paused, and restarted. Also if I understood correctly the timer should not be affected (= paused) by the fact that the thread is in sleep.
So, here is an implementation of such a timer that might help you (at least for part of your problem) :
#include <chrono>
template<typename T>
class Timer
{
public:
void start()
{
m_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
}
void pause()
{
m_elapsed += get_current_elapsed();
m_start = {};
}
void reset()
{
m_start = {};
m_elapsed = {};
}
int64_t get_elapsed()
{
return (m_elapsed + get_current_elapsed()).count();
}
private:
std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> m_start{};
T m_elapsed{};
bool is_started()
{
return m_start.time_since_epoch() != T{};
}
T get_current_elapsed()
{
return is_started() ? std::chrono::duration_cast<T>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - m_start) : T{};
}
};
And here is an example of how it can be used :
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
int main()
{
Timer<std::chrono::seconds> timer;
timer.start();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
timer.pause(); // "optional"
std::cout << timer.get_elapsed() << std::endl; // 1
timer.start(); // "optional"
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
timer.pause(); // "optional"
std::cout << timer.get_elapsed() << std::endl; // 2
timer.reset();
timer.start();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
timer.pause(); // "optional"
std::cout << timer.get_elapsed() << std::endl; // 1
return 0;
}
Timer is a template, so instead of std::chrono::seconds you can use any of the following types depending on the precision you want for the timer :
std::chrono::nanoseconds
std::chrono::microseconds
std::chrono::milliseconds
std::chrono::seconds
std::chrono::minutes
std::chrono::hours
std::chrono::days
std::chrono::years