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How to debug a Flask app
(14 answers)
Closed 18 days ago.
from prettytable import PrettyTable
from flask import Flask, request
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"])
class Structure_Cal:
def __init__(self, Slope, Texture,Soil_depth,Catchment_area,Land_use):
self.slope=Slope
self.texture=Texture
self.soil_depth=Soil_depth
self.catchment_area=Catchment_area
self.land_use=Land_use
def sturcture_defined(self, index):
stucture_def=['Field bunding with waste weir','Outlet structure (grassed turfing or stone pitching)',
'Masonry mini drop (outlet)','On Farm lined pond (small)','On Farm unlined pond (small)',
'Farm pond (big) IFS' ,'Staggered trench','Field boundary trench-cum-bund','Staggered trench',
'Diversion drain with WHS','contour stone bunding','recharge pit','contour stone bunding',
'Vegetative and live check dams','loose boulder check dams','earthern check dams with surplus weir',
'Gabion structure','Percolation tanks with dug well ','Stream bank protection measures','WHS',
'MasonryCheck dam/drop inlet structure','Stream bank protection measures' ]
return stucture_def[index]
def strcuture_calculation(self):
""" This is the function that
calcualte the Strcture with the value
of slope, soil_depth, catchment_area,
land_use user values
"""
### For the first one ####
if (int(self.slope) in range(3, 6) and self.texture=='Any soil'
and int(self.soil_depth) in range(50,101) and self.catchment_area ==0 and self.land_use=='Arable Upland'):
idf=0
fin_struct=self.sturcture_defined(idf)
elif (int(self.slope) in range(1, 4) and self.texture=='Any soil'
and int(self.soil_depth) in range(1,101) and self.catchment_area ==1 and self.land_use=='Arable Medium land'):
idf=1
fin_struct=self.sturcture_defined(idf)
return fin_struct
###### Testing ###########
if __name__ == '__main__':
if request.method == "POST":
Slope = request.form["ENTER THE VALUE"]
Texture=input('Enter Texture Value:')
Soil_depth=int(input('Enter Slope-Depth Value:'))
Catchment_area=int(input('Enter Catchment-area Value:'))
Land_use=input('Enter Land-use Value:')
########
Struture=Structure_Cal(Slope,Texture,Soil_depth,Catchment_area,Land_use)
F_Structure=Struture.strcuture_calculation()
######## Output #########
data_output=PrettyTable(['Slope','Texture','Soil_depth','Catchment_area','Land_use','Structure_Output'])
data_output.add_row([Slope,Texture,Soil_depth,Catchment_area,Land_use,F_Structure])
### Output to Excel
with open('structure_output_final.csv', 'w', newline='') as f_output:
f_output.write(data_output.get_csv_string())
app.run()
####
print(data_output)
My code, is showing internal server error, why?
I noticed a few issues with your code.
First of all you can't decorate a class with #app.route("/", methods=["GET", "POST"]). Instead you could create a class based view. If that's what you want to do you could take a look at the documentation: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.2.x/views/
Also in the codesample you provided, there is a lot of code inside the if __name__ = __main__: that can't be there without raising a RuntimeError. So better double check your question to see if everything is in its proper place.
Related
I am running a rosnode with a kalman filter running. The kalman filter is an object with states that get updated as time plays out. Conventionally, a ros node has a run(self) method that runs at a specified frequency using the while condition
while not rospy.is_shutdown():
do this
Going through each loop my kalman filter object updates. I just want to be able to save the kalman filter object when the node is shutdown either some external condition or when the user presses ctrl+C. I am not able to do this. In the run(self) method, I tried
while not rospy.is_shutdown():
do this
# save in file
output = pathlib.Path('path/to/location')
results_path = output.with_suffix('.npz')
with open(results_path, 'xb') as results_file:
np.savez(results_file,kfObj=kf_list)
But it has not worked. Is it not executing the save command? If ctrl+C is pressed does it stop short of executing it? Whats the way to do it?
Check out the atexit module:
http://docs.python.org/library/atexit.html
import atexit
def exit_handler():
output = pathlib.Path('path/to/location')
results_path = output.with_suffix('.npz')
with open(results_path, 'xb') as results_file:
np.savez(results_file,kfObj=kf_list
atexit.register(exit_handler)
Just be aware that this works great for normal termination of the script, but it won't get called in all cases (e.g. fatal internal errors).
Why not try the following python example class structure engaging shutdown hooks :
import rospy
class Hardware_Interface:
def __init__(self, selectedBoard):
...
# Housekeeping, cleanup at the end
rospy.on_shutdown(self.shutdown)
# Get the connection settings from the parameter server
self.port = rospy.get_param("~"+self.board+"-port", "/dev/ttyACM0")
# Get the prefix
self.prefix = rospy.get_param("~"+self.board+"-prefix", "travel")
# Overall loop rate
self.rate = int(rospy.get_param("~rate", 5))
self.period = rospy.Duration(1/float(self.rate))
...
def shutdown(self):
rospy.loginfo("Shutting down Hardware Interface Node...")
try:
rospy.loginfo("Stopping the robot...")
self.controller.send(0, 0, 0, 0)
#self.cmd_vel_pub.publish(Twist())
rospy.sleep(2)
except:
rospy.loginfo("Cannot stop!")
try:
self.controller.close()
except:
pass
finally:
rospy.loginfo("Serial port closed.")
os._exit(0)
This just an extract from a personal script, please modify it to your needs. I imagine that the on_shutdown will do the trick. Another similar approach comes from my friends in the Robot Ignite Academy in The Construct and seems like that
#!/usr/bin/env python
import rospy
from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist
class my_class():
def __init__(self):
...
self.cmd = Twist()
self.ctrl_c = False
self.rate = rospy.Rate(10) # 10hz
rospy.on_shutdown(self.shutdownhook)
def publish_once_in_cmd_vel(self):
while not self.ctrl_c:
...
def shutdownhook(self):
# works better than the rospy.is_shutdown()
self.ctrl_c = True
def move_something(self, linear_speed=0.2, angular_speed=0.2):
self.cmd.linear.x = linear_speed
self.cmd.angular.z = angular_speed
self.publish_once_in_cmd_vel()
if __name__ == '__main__':
rospy.init_node('class_test', anonymous=True)
...
This is obviously a sample of their code (for more please join the academy)
I was reading a similar question Returning error string from a function in python. While I experimenting to create something similar in an Object Oriented programming so I could learn a few more things I got lost.
I am using Python 2.7 and I am a beginner on Object Oriented programming.
I can not figure out how to make it work.
Sample code checkArgumentInput.py:
#!/usr/bin/python
__author__ = 'author'
class Error(Exception):
"""Base class for exceptions in this module."""
pass
class ArgumentValidationError(Error):
pass
def __init__(self, arguments):
self.arguments = arguments
def print_method(self, input_arguments):
if len(input_arguments) != 3:
raise ArgumentValidationError("Error on argument input!")
else:
self.arguments = input_arguments
return self.arguments
And on the main.py script:
#!/usr/bin/python
import checkArgumentInput
__author__ = 'author'
argsValidation = checkArgumentInput.ArgumentValidationError(sys.argv)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
result = argsValidation.validate_argument_input(sys.argv)
print result
except checkArgumentInput.ArgumentValidationError as exception:
# handle exception here and get error message
print exception.message
When I am executing the main.py script it produces two blank lines. Even if I do not provide any arguments as input or even if I do provide argument(s) input.
So my question is how to make it work?
I know that there is a module that can do that work for me, by checking argument input argparse but I want to implement something that I could use in other cases also (try, except).
Thank you in advance for the time and effort reading and replying to my question.
OK. So, usually the function sys.argv[] is called with brackets in the end of it, and with a number between the brackets, like: sys.argv[1]. This function will read your command line input. Exp.: sys.argv[0] is the name of the file.
main.py 42
In this case main.py is sys.argv[0] and 42 is sys.argv[1].
You need to identifi the string you're gonna take from the command line.
I think that this is the problem.
For more info: https://docs.python.org/2/library/sys.html
I made some research and I found this useful question/ answer that helped me out to understand my error: Manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python
I am posting the correct functional code under, just in case that someone will benefit in future.
Sample code checkArgumentInput.py:
#!/usr/bin/python
__author__ = 'author'
class ArgumentLookupError(LookupError):
pass
def __init__(self, *args): # *args because I do not know the number of args (input from terminal)
self.output = None
self.argument_list = args
def validate_argument_input(self, argument_input_list):
if len(argument_input_list) != 3:
raise ValueError('Error on argument input!')
else:
self.output = "Success"
return self.output
The second part main.py:
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import checkArgumentInput
__author__ = 'author'
argsValidation = checkArgumentInput.ArgumentLookupError(sys.argv)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
result = argsValidation.validate_argument_input(sys.argv)
print result
except ValueError as exception:
# handle exception here and get error message
print exception.message
The following code prints: Error on argument input! as expected, because I violating the condition.
Any way thank you all for your time and effort, hope this answer will help someone else in future.
I wrote a script to upload a video to YouTube using YouTube Data API v3 in the python with help of example given in Example code.
And I wrote another script to add uploaded video to playlist using same YouTube Data API v3 you can be seen here
After that I wrote a single script to upload video and add that video to playlist. In that I took care of authentication and scops still I am getting permission error. here is my new script
#!/usr/bin/python
import httplib
import httplib2
import os
import random
import sys
import time
from apiclient.discovery import build
from apiclient.errors import HttpError
from apiclient.http import MediaFileUpload
from oauth2client.file import Storage
from oauth2client.client import flow_from_clientsecrets
from oauth2client.tools import run
# Explicitly tell the underlying HTTP transport library not to retry, since
# we are handling retry logic ourselves.
httplib2.RETRIES = 1
# Maximum number of times to retry before giving up.
MAX_RETRIES = 10
# Always retry when these exceptions are raised.
RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS = (httplib2.HttpLib2Error, IOError, httplib.NotConnected,
httplib.IncompleteRead, httplib.ImproperConnectionState,
httplib.CannotSendRequest, httplib.CannotSendHeader,
httplib.ResponseNotReady, httplib.BadStatusLine)
# Always retry when an apiclient.errors.HttpError with one of these status
# codes is raised.
RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES = [500, 502, 503, 504]
CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE = "client_secrets.json"
# A limited OAuth 2 access scope that allows for uploading files, but not other
# types of account access.
YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload"
YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME = "youtube"
YOUTUBE_API_VERSION = "v3"
# Helpful message to display if the CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE is missing.
MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE = """
WARNING: Please configure OAuth 2.0
To make this sample run you will need to populate the client_secrets.json file
found at:
%s
with information from the APIs Console
https://code.google.com/apis/console#access
For more information about the client_secrets.json file format, please visit:
https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/python/guide/aaa_client_secrets
""" % os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE))
def get_authenticated_service():
flow = flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE, scope=YOUTUBE_UPLOAD_SCOPE,
message=MISSING_CLIENT_SECRETS_MESSAGE)
storage = Storage("%s-oauth2.json" % sys.argv[0])
credentials = storage.get()
if credentials is None or credentials.invalid:
credentials = run(flow, storage)
return build(YOUTUBE_API_SERVICE_NAME, YOUTUBE_API_VERSION,
http=credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http()))
def initialize_upload(title,description,keywords,privacyStatus,file):
youtube = get_authenticated_service()
tags = None
if keywords:
tags = keywords.split(",")
insert_request = youtube.videos().insert(
part="snippet,status",
body=dict(
snippet=dict(
title=title,
description=description,
tags=tags,
categoryId='26'
),
status=dict(
privacyStatus=privacyStatus
)
),
# chunksize=-1 means that the entire file will be uploaded in a single
# HTTP request. (If the upload fails, it will still be retried where it
# left off.) This is usually a best practice, but if you're using Python
# older than 2.6 or if you're running on App Engine, you should set the
# chunksize to something like 1024 * 1024 (1 megabyte).
media_body=MediaFileUpload(file, chunksize=-1, resumable=True)
)
vid=resumable_upload(insert_request)
#Here I added lines to add video to playlist
#add_video_to_playlist(youtube,vid,"PL2JW1S4IMwYubm06iDKfDsmWVB-J8funQ")
#youtube = get_authenticated_service()
add_video_request=youtube.playlistItems().insert(
part="snippet",
body={
'snippet': {
'playlistId': "PL2JW1S4IMwYubm06iDKfDsmWVB-J8funQ",
'resourceId': {
'kind': 'youtube#video',
'videoId': vid
}
#'position': 0
}
}
).execute()
def resumable_upload(insert_request):
response = None
error = None
retry = 0
vid=None
while response is None:
try:
print "Uploading file..."
status, response = insert_request.next_chunk()
if 'id' in response:
print "'%s' (video id: %s) was successfully uploaded." % (
title, response['id'])
vid=response['id']
else:
exit("The upload failed with an unexpected response: %s" % response)
except HttpError, e:
if e.resp.status in RETRIABLE_STATUS_CODES:
error = "A retriable HTTP error %d occurred:\n%s" % (e.resp.status,
e.content)
else:
raise
except RETRIABLE_EXCEPTIONS, e:
error = "A retriable error occurred: %s" % e
if error is not None:
print error
retry += 1
if retry > MAX_RETRIES:
exit("No longer attempting to retry.")
max_sleep = 2 ** retry
sleep_seconds = random.random() * max_sleep
print "Sleeping %f seconds and then retrying..." % sleep_seconds
time.sleep(sleep_seconds)
return vid
if __name__ == '__main__':
title="sample title"
description="sample description"
keywords="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"
privacyStatus="public"
file="myfile.mp4"
vid=initialize_upload(title,description,keywords,privacyStatus,file)
print 'video ID is :',vid
I am not able to figure out what is wrong. I am getting permission error. both script works fine independently.
could anyone help me figure out where I am wrong or how to achieve uploading video and adding that too playlist.
I got the answer actually in both the independent script scope is different.
scope for uploading is "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube.upload"
scope for adding to playlist is "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/youtube"
as scope is different so I had to handle authentication separately.
I am newbie when it comes to programming and python.
Therefore I've got a question. With my fellow students we have created few python scripts but now we are stuck and have no more ideas. We need to merge few python scripts into one working scripts. Could anyone help us with that, please?
Scripts:
# Script: webpage_get.py
# Desc: Fetches data from a webpage, and parses out hyperlinks.
# Author: Wojciech Kociszewski
# Created: Nov, 2013
#
import sys, urllib
def wget(url):
''' Try to retrieve a webpage via its url, and return its contents'''
print '[*] wget()'
#open file like url object from web, based on url
url_file = urllib.urlopen(url)
# get webpage contents
page = url_file.read()
return page
def main():
#temp testing url argument
sys.argv.append('http://www.soc.napier.ac.uk/~cs342/CSN08115/cw_webpage/index.html')
#check args
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print '[-] Usage: webpage_get URL'
return
#Get and analyse web page
print wget(sys.argv[1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
# Script: webpage_getlinks.py
# Desc: Basic web site info gathering and analysis script. From a URL gets
# page content, parsing links out.
# Author: Wojciech Kociszewski
# Created: Nov, 2013
#
import sys, re
import webpage_get
def print_links(page):
''' find all hyperlinks on a webpage passed in as input and print '''
print '[*] print_links()'
# regex to match on hyperlinks, returning 3 grps, links[1] being the link itself
links = re.findall(r'(\<a.*href\=.*)(http\:.+)(?:[^\'" >]+)', page)
# sort and print the links
links.sort()
print '[+]', str(len(links)), 'HyperLinks Found:'
for link in links:
print link[1]
def main():
# temp testing url argument
sys.argv.append('http://www.soc.napier.ac.uk/~cs342/CSN08115/cw_webpage/index.html')
# Check args
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print '[-] Usage: webpage_getlinks URL'
return
# Get the web page
page = webpage_get.wget(sys.argv[1])
# Get the links
print_links(page)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
# Script: webpage_getemails.py
# Desc: Basic web site info gathering and analysis script. From a URL gets
# page content, parsing emails out.
# Author: Wojciech Kociszewski
# Created: Nov, 2013
#
import sys, re
import webpage_get
def print_emails(page):
''' find all emails on a webpage passed in as input and print '''
print '[*] print_emails()'
# regex to match on emails
emails = re.findall(r'([\d\w\.-_]+#[\w\d\.-_]+\.\w+)', page)
# sort and print the emails
emails.sort()
print '[+]', str(len(emails)), 'Emails Found:'
for email in emails:
print email
def main():
# temp testing url argument
sys.argv.append('http://www.soc.napier.ac.uk/~cs342/CSN08115/cw_webpage/index.html')
# Check args
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print '[-] Usage: webpage_getemails'
return
# Get the web page
page = webpage_get.wget(sys.argv[1])
# Get the emails
print_emails(page)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Analyse your scripts and find the common code
Convert the common code into a module
Rewrite the individual programs with the common code
If you then wish to make the individual programs into one big program it will be much easier
I'm trying to use the Python package ComplexNetworkSim, which inherits from networkx and SimPy, to simulate an agent-based model of how messages propagate within networks.
Here is my code:
from ComplexNetworkSim import NetworkSimulation, NetworkAgent, Sim
import networkx as nx
#define constants for our example of states
NO_MESSAGE = 0
MESSAGE = 1
class Message(object):
def __init__(self,topic_pref):
self.relevance = topic_pref
class myAgent(NetworkAgent):
def __init__(self, state, initialiser):
NetworkAgent.__init__(self, state, initialiser)
self.state = MESSAGE
self.topic_pref = 0.5
def Run(self):
while True:
if self.state == MESSAGE:
self.message = self.Message(topic_pref, self, TIMESTEP)
yield Sim.hold, self, NetworkAgent.TIMESTEP_DEFAULT
elif self.state == NO_MESSAGE:
yield Sim.hold, self, NetworkAgent.TIMESTEP_DEFAULT
# Network and initial states of agents
nodes = 30
G = nx.scale_free_graph(nodes)
states = [MESSAGE for n in G.nodes()]
# Simulation constants
MAX_SIMULATION_TIME = 25.0
TRIALS = 2
def main():
directory = 'test' #output directory
# run simulation with parameters
# - complex network structure
# - initial state list
# - agent behaviour class
# - output directory
# - maximum simulation time
# - number of trials
simulation = NetworkSimulation(G,
states,
myAgent,
directory,
MAX_SIMULATION_TIME,
TRIALS)
simulation.runSimulation()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
(There may be other problems downstream with this code and it is not fully tested.)
My problem is that the myAgent object is not properly calling the method Run as an attribute. Specifically, this is the error message that I get when I try to run the above code:
Starting simulations...
---Trial 0 ---
set up agents...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "simmessage.py", line 55, in <module>
main()
File "simmessage.py", line 52, in main
simulation.runSimulation()
File "/Library/Frameworks/EPD64.framework/Versions/7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ComplexNetworkSim-0.1.2-py2.7.egg/ComplexNetworkSim/simulation.py", line 71, in runSimulation
self.runTrial(i)
File "/Library/Frameworks/EPD64.framework/Versions/7.3/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ComplexNetworkSim-0.1.2-py2.7.egg/ComplexNetworkSim/simulation.py", line 88, in runTrial
self.activate(agent, agent.Run())
AttributeError: 'myAgent' object has no attribute 'Run'
Does anybody know why this is? I can't figure how my code differs substantially from the example in ComplexNetworkSim.
I've run your code on my machine and there the Run method gets called.
My best guess is what Paulo Scardine wrote, but since i can't reproduce the problem i can't actually debug it.