I use a Linux environment for code development and testing of a program and now I want to compile an Windows ".exe" file so that my program can run on Windows OS, after some internet research I tried to modified my makefile to use x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ instead of g++ as its compiler but now I get a segmentation fault at the end of the compilation and I am not sure how to debug this. My makefile is below:
PROGRAM=output.exe
COMPILER=x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
# PROGRAM=output
# COMPILER=g++
#BIN_FOLDER=bin
DEPS += Defs.h Structs.h
CXXFLAGS+=`sdl2-config --cflags`
CXXFLAGS+=-DVERSION=$(VERSION) -DREVISION=$(REVISION) -DDATA_DIR=\"$(DATA_DIR)\"
CXXFLAGS+=-Wall -Wempty-body -Werror -Werror=maybe-uninitialized -Warray-bounds
CXXFLAGS+=-g -lefence -std=c++20 -fopenmp
LDFLAGS+=-L/usr/local/lib -lSDL2 -lSDL2_mixer -lSDL2_image -lSDL2_ttf -fopenmp src/ECS/*.cpp #-pg
FILENAME:= $(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(wildcard src/*.cpp))
$(PROGRAM):$(FILENAME)
$(COMPILER) $(FILENAME) -o $# $(LDFLAGS)
clean:
rm src/*.o
this compiles without a problem in g++ but when using the mingw32 compiler I get this error:
x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ src/ActionManager.o src/AStar.o ...[a bunch of .o files] -o output.exe
collect2: fatal error: ld terminated with signal 11 [Segmentation fault], core dumped
compilation terminated.
make: *** [makefile:26: output.exe] Error 1
I tried compiling a simple helloWorld.cpp program using x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ like this: x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ 01_hello_world.c -o windowshello.exe and that works fine.
I also tried deleting all my LDFLAGS just to see what would happen and I get the same result.
Could anyone point me into the right direction as to how I might debug this? Is this a particular part of my code that is causing this or am I going about this entirely wrong?
Related
Just a disclaimer I'm not too experienced with Make files, so forgive me if the answer is simple! I have a Make file that compiles several .cpp & .h files into .o files, and then produces an executable. I am using g++ as the compiler currently. I'd like to adapt this file to allow for openmpi multi-core computing. To note: I'm on a Windows 11 x 64 architecture, using Cygwin to build run this cpp code. I also would like this to run on MacOS systems as well.
In particular, the parallelization macros are only in 1 .cpp file, what I'd consider the 'main' file of this project (mag_spec_tracker.cpp). I don't know if that makes a difference here but thought it could be useful to let be known.
My current Makefile is below - note I added a line to try and grab the mpicc compile flags, but I am unsure on how to use them here.
IDIR = include
CXX = g++
CXXFLAGS = -I$(IDIR) -std=c++17
ODIR = obj
_DEPS = my_functions.h particle.h beam.h threevector.h threematrix.h screen.h magnet.h
DEPS = $(patsubst %,$(IDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))
_OBJ = my_functions.o particle.o beam.o mag_spec_tracker.o screen.o magnet.o
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))
$(ODIR)/%.o: %.cpp $(DEPS)
$(CXX) -c -o $# $< $(CXXFLAGS)
run: $(OBJ)
$(CXX) -o $# $^ $(CXXFLAGS)
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o *~ core $(IDIR)/*~
I have tried adding lines into the Makefile to get the mpi compile flags based on other reference I've found online, but was unsure how to adapt my current code to add these flags to allow for correct usage of openmpi. The lines I added to grab compile flags were:
MPI_COMPILE_FLAGS = $(shell mpicc --showme:compile)
MPI_LINK_FLAGS = $(shell mpicc --showme:link)
Thank you in advance!
Update (12/6/2022)
Responding to the comment from Matzeri ('for opempi the compiler is mpicc not gcc. for c++ is mpicxx not g++'), I replaced 'g++' in my makefile with 'mpicxx' and recieved the following error:
$ make
mpicxx -c -o obj/mag_spec_tracker.o mag_spec_tracker.cpp -Iinclude -std=c++17
mpicxx -o run obj/my_functions.o obj/particle.o obj/beam.o obj/mag_spec_tracker.o obj/screen.o obj/magnet.o -Iinclude -std=c++17
C:/Users/Jason/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lmpi_cxx: No such file or directory
C:/Users/Jason/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lmpi: No such file or directory
C:/Users/Jason/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lopen-rte: No such file or directory
C:/Users/Jason/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/12.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lopen-pal: No such file or directory
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:19: run] Error 1
I notice that its looking for an ld executable in 'mingw64'. I tried removing that directory (previously I had installed mingw64, but switched to cygwin), and got the following error:
$ make
mpicxx -o run obj/my_functions.o obj/particle.o obj/beam.o obj/mag_spec_tracker.o obj/screen.o obj/magnet.o -Iinclude -std=c++17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Open MPI wrapper compiler was unable to find the specified compiler
g++ in your PATH.
Note that this compiler was either specified at configure time or in
one of several possible environment variables.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
make: *** [Makefile:19: run] Error 1
I also added c:\cygwin\bin to my environment paths, and this issue still occurs. I confirmed that mpicxx is in that bin folder.
Any ideas?
I am trying to install my C++ igraph library from https://github.com/igraph/igraph to visual studio code using the following method this is my makefile made according to this link.
CXX = g++
CXX_FLAGS = -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native -DNDEBUG
LIB = -Llib
INC = -Iinclude
.PHONY: all
all: a.out
a.out: main.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXX_FLAGS) $(INC) $(LIB) -ligraph -lm -lstdc++ -lgomp -lpthread -o $# main.cpp
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm a.out
The compiler will always return something like:
g++ -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native -DNDEBUG -Iinclude -Llib -ligraph -lm -lstdc++ -lgomp -lpthread -o a.out main.cpp
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccqJLfvi.o: in function `main':
main.cpp:(.text.startup+0x9): undefined reference to `igraph_rng_default'
/usr/bin/ld: main.cpp:(.text.startup+0x16): undefined reference to `igraph_rng_seed'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:12: a.out] Error 1
If i only want to use data structures such as igraph_t graph* it will work, but if i try to call fucntion it will return error and will not generate a.out file. It would be incredablly good if someone would be able to explain why this happens cuz it really got on my nerve right now.
Please follow the instructions in the documentation to set up your package to link to igraph.
Instructions to install igraph: https://igraph.org/c/html/latest/igraph-Installation.html Note that you must both build and install the package. Make a note of the location you used to install it to (the value of CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX)
Instructions on compiling your first igraph program: https://igraph.org/c/html/latest/igraph-Tutorial.html Unless you are already comfortable with writing C programs and linking them to external libraries, I strongly recommend that you use CMake to set up your project, as described in the linked tutorial. CMake works the same way on all platforms (Windows/macOS/Linux) and will automatically figure out how to link your program to igraph correctly. When configuring your project, be sure to set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH to the location where you installed igraph earlier.
I am making a simple game and wanted to use SDL for the graphics. I run linux Ubuntu, and use sublime text editor, g++ compiler, and I am coding in c++. I downloaded SDL and followed these steps.
After I followed those steps, all of the SDL error stopped appearing. However, the flag variables aren't working.
This is the code:
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
Risk() {
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_HAPTIC);
window = SDL_CreateWindow("Board",SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 500,500, SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);
SDL_GetError();
}
The error appearing in my compiler is:
tom#TBT-XPS-13-9360:~/Documents/Subjects/CS/Fun/Risk$ g++ -std=c++14
Game.cpp -W/tmp/ccLwSxiL.o: In function `Risk::Risk()':
Game.cpp:(.text._ZN4RiskC2Ev[_ZN4RiskC5Ev]+0x1f): undefined reference
to `SDL_Init'
Game.cpp:(.text._ZN4RiskC2Ev[_ZN4RiskC5Ev]+0x44): undefined reference
to `SDL_CreateWindow'
Game.cpp:(.text._ZN4RiskC2Ev[_ZN4RiskC5Ev]+0x54): undefined reference
to `SDL_GetError'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I think the error is the SDL libraries are in the wrong place, or Sublime doesn't know where they are.
The problem is that Sublime is not adding the required instruction to indicate that the executable should be linked to the SDL2 library.
You can indicate it with the parameter -lSDL2 on the command line, or use the sdl2-config program with sdl2-config --libs, something like this:
$ g++ -o executable-name source.cpp -lSDL2
or
$ g++ -o executable-name source.cpp $(sdl2-config --libs)
sdl2-config is just an utility that outputs appropriate configuration options for compiling and linking. You can see it by running it alone:
$ sdl2-config --libs
it should output something like:
-L/usr/lib -lSDL2
You can see the same -lSDL2 mentioned before, and also a -L/usr/lib instruction that indicates the linker to include libraries in the /usr/lib/ directory in its search path.
In general, you should use the sdl2-config for getting the required configuration options to pass to the compiler instead of indicating them by yourself, unless you know what you're doing, of course.
Instead of going to the command line to compile, you can use the Make build system in Sublime Text. Add a file named Makefile to your project directory with the following content:
# OBJS place here every file to compile as part of the project
OBJS = Game.cpp
# CC compiler to use
CC = g++
# COMPILER_FLAGS compilation options
COMPILER_FLAGS = -std=c++14 -Wall `sdl2-config --cflags`
# LINKER_FLAGS libraries to link
LINKER_FLAGS = `sdl2-config --libs`
# OBJ_NAME executable
OBJ_NAME = mygame
all : $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(OBJS) $(COMPILER_FLAGS) $(LINKER_FLAGS) -o $(OBJ_NAME)
Then go to menu Tools -> Build System and select Make. Now try building your project, if successful, a mygame executable should have been created.
I have read all of the related questions with no success trying anything mentioned anywhere. I am new to cross-compiling and have been working on this for over a week with no progress. So please forgive me if you think I am stupid or have overlooked something.
So I have an application running in C++ that works great on my development computer running Ubuntu 14.04 x64. I am trying to cross compile for my Banana Pro running Lubuntu. Based on the documentation from Lemaker I am supposed to cross compile using "arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
So far the farthest I have been able to get is to :
/usr/local/opencv-arm/usr/local/lib/libopencv_calib3d.so: file not recognized: File format not recognized
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I get this error regardless of what command I run, Here is a list of commands I have tried:
arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `arm-linux-gnueabihf-pkg-config arm-opencv --cflags` -Wall test.cpp -o vis-300 `arm-linux-gnueabihf-pkg-config arm-opencv --libs`
arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config arm-opencv --cflags` -Wall test.cpp -o vis-300 `pkg-config arm-opencv --libs`
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc `pkg-config arm-opencv --cflags` -Wall test.cpp -o vis-300 `pkg-config arm-opencv --libs`
arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ `pkg-config arm-opencv --cflags` test.cpp -o vis-300 `pkg-config arm-opencv --libs`
And there have been many more commands before those with different errors such as:
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directory
arm-linux-gnueabihf-cpp fatal error too many input files
I have tried with just normal arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc/g++, 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8
I have built opencv making small changes for hf using these 2 guides and both produced the same results:
http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Building_OpenCV_for_ARM_Cortex-A8
http://www.ridgesolutions.ie/index.php/2013/05/24/building-cross-compiling-opencv-for-linux-arm/
and not included in either I install it using this command because it will conflict with my current x86_64 install:
sudo make install DESTDIR=/usr/local/opencv-arm
Also the above pkg-config lines point to my custom pkg config file named arm-opencv.pc
# Package Information for pkg-config
prefix=/usr/local/opencv-arm/usr/local
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include
Name: OpenCV-arm
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 2.4.10
Libs: ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_calib3d.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_contrib.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_core.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_features2d.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_flann.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_gpu.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_highgui.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_imgproc.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_legacy.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_ml.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_nonfree.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_objdetect.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_ocl.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_photo.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_stitching.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_superres.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_ts.a ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_video.so ${exec_prefix}/lib/libopencv_videostab.so -lrt -lpthread -lm -ldl
Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}
Anyways I have tried a lot of stuff short of just installing everything on the board itself and compiling there. Any help is much appreciated and keep in mind I have never successfully cross-compiled before. I always give up and compile on the board.
I am using Netbeans for my C++ project. I compiled my program using make and ran into this error:
collect2: error: ld terminated with signal 11 [Segmentation fault], core dumped
Makefile:4: recipe for target 'barn' failed
make: *** [barn] Error 1
Whereas, when I compiled it in a linux environment(Ubuntu to be precise), it compiled fine. What could have possibly gone wrong?
This is what I got when I typed make -n:
g++ -c main.cc
g++ -c Animal.cc
g++ -c Bird.cc
g++ -c Chicken.cc
g++ -c Cat.cc
g++ -c Pig.cc
g++ -o barn main.o Animal.o Bird.o Chicken.o Cat.o Pig.o Random.o
PS I prefer using Netbeans
A segment fault in the linker suggests a bug with that. This is what I would try if I were to run into this problem.
At the command line do
g++ -o barn main.cc Animal.cc Bird.cc Chicken.cc Cat.cc Pig.cc Random.cc
If that does not work, try variations like:
g++ -o barn main.cc Pig.cc Random.cc Animal.cc Bird.cc Chicken.cc Cat.cc
The order should not matter. This is just the kind of thing I would try with a mystery-meat problem like this.