We are instructed to write the Frac.h and Frac.cpp files given a driver program. The purpose is to build a class for Fraction ADT to perform arithmetic with fractions. I have written the following files but am receiving some compiler errors.
C2512 'Fraction': no appropriate default constructor available
C2665 'Fraction::Fraction': no overloaded function could convert all the argument types
Driver file (Professor wrote this):
// driver for cmpsc122 Lab 4
#include "Frac.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Fraction x(-3, 8), y(-15, -20), z, w(5);
x.printFraction(); cout << " + "; y.printFraction();
z = x.add(y);
cout << " = "; z.printFraction(); cout << endl;
z.printFraction();
cout << " = "; z.printFractionAsFloat(); cout << endl << endl;
x.printFraction(); cout << " - "; y.printFraction();
z = x.subtract(y);
cout << " = "; z.printFraction(); cout << endl;
z.printFraction();
cout << " = "; z.printFractionAsFloat(); cout << endl << endl;
x.printFraction(); cout << " * "; y.printFraction();
z = x.multiply(y);
cout << " = "; z.printFraction(); cout << endl;
z.printFraction();
cout << " = "; z.printFractionAsFloat(); cout << endl << endl;
x.printFraction(); cout << " / "; y.printFraction();
z = x.divide(y);
cout << " = "; z.printFraction(); cout << endl;
z.printFraction();
cout << " = "; z.printFractionAsFloat(); cout << endl;
#ifdef _WIN32 // _WIN32 is used by Visual C++
#if (_MSC_VER <= 1916) // check if it Visual Studio 2017 or earlier
system("pause");
#endif
#endif
return 0;
}
/Sample run:
-3/8 + 3/4 = 3/8
3/8 = 0.375
-3/8 - 3/4 = -9/8
-9/8 = -1.125
-3/8 3/4 = -9/32
-9/32 = -0.28125
-3/8 / 3/4 = -1/2
-1/2 = -0.5
Press any key to continue . . .
*/
Frac.cpp (I wrote this)
#include "Frac.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
Fraction Fraction::add(Fraction myFrac)
{
int newNum;
int newDom;
newNum = myFrac.num + num;
newDom = myFrac.dom + dom;
Fraction i(newNum, newDom);
return i;
}
Fraction Fraction::subtract(Fraction myFrac)
{
int newNum;
int newDom;
newNum = num - myFrac.num;
newDom = dom - myFrac.dom;
Fraction i(newNum, newDom);
return i;
}
Fraction Fraction::multiply(Fraction myFrac)
{
int newNum;
int newDom;
newNum = num * myFrac.num;
newDom = dom * myFrac.dom;
Fraction i(newNum, newDom);
return i;
}
Fraction Fraction::divide(Fraction myFrac)
{
int newNum;
int newDom;
newNum = num / myFrac.num;
newDom = dom / myFrac.dom;
Fraction i(newNum, newDom);
return i;
}
void Fraction :: printFraction()
{
cout << num << "/" << dom;
}
void Fraction::printFractionAsFloat()
{
float i = float(num) / float(dom);
cout << fixed << setprecision(3);
cout << i;
}`
Frac.h (and this)
#ifndef FRAC_H
#define FRAC_H
class Fraction
{
public:
Fraction(int myNum, int myDom);
Fraction add(Fraction myFrac);
Fraction subtract(Fraction myFrac);
Fraction multiply(Fraction myFrac);
Fraction divide(Fraction myFrac);
void printFraction();
void printFractionAsFloat();
private:
int num;
int dom;
};
#endif
I have tried creating a default constructor but all my attempts have just created more errors.
Related
Im having trouble with this recursion code. Basically I want the computer to "guess" in as little steps as possible the number that I am thinking of. However, everything works except the final output. The bounds are fine, and it narrows down the guess until it asks me if the number im thinking of is say 16, if I input "=" it should output 16 instead it always outputs 50. Could anyone help me locate the error?
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
unsigned int search (unsigned int boundInf, unsigned int boundSup);
int main ()
{
int b;
b = search (1, 100);
cout << "Your number must be : " << b << endl;
}
unsigned int search (unsigned int boundInf, unsigned int boundSup)
{
string magnitude;
int b;
b = (boundSup + boundInf) / 2;
cout << "Is your number <, > or = to " << b << "? ";
cin >> magnitude;
if (magnitude == "<") {
cout << "Between " << boundInf << " and " << b << endl;
search (boundInf, b);
}
else if (magnitude == ">") {
cout << "Between " << b << " and " << boundSup << endl;
search (b, boundSup);
}
return b;
}
You forgot to change the value of b when going deeper into the recursive function, this can be easily fixed by changing the search function like so:
unsigned int search(unsigned int boundInf, unsigned int boundSup)
{
string magnitude;
int b;
b = (boundSup + boundInf) / 2;
cout << "Is your number <, > or = to " << b << "? ";
cin >> magnitude;
if (magnitude == "<")
{
cout << "Between " << boundInf << " and " << b << endl;
b = search(boundInf, b);
}
else if (magnitude == ">")
{
cout << "Between " << b << " and " << boundSup << endl;
b = search(b, boundSup);
}
return b;
}
Here is our code for the task we are almost finishing just the last part we are stuck at
"Fastest: 3 trips (1 Van, 3 Mini-lorry, $645) "
we are not sure how to display the values in the bracket we only able to display 3 trips.
Is there a way to also display the values in the bracket stated as well?
we use
int min = *min_element(vTrips.begin(), vTrips.end());
cout << "Fastest: " << min << " trips" << endl;
but this only display the 3 trips.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <fstream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
class CTS //cargo transport system
{
int i;
int cargo, lorryprice, vanprice, lorrysize, vansize, allOps;
public:
void set_cargo(int);
void set_lorryprice(int);
void set_vanprice(int);
void set_lorrysize(int);
void set_vansize(int);
};
void CTS::set_cargo(int total_cargo) {
cargo = total_cargo;
}
void CTS::set_lorryprice(int lorryP) {
lorryprice = lorryP;
}
void CTS::set_vanprice(int vanP) {
vanprice = vanP;
}
void CTS::set_lorrysize(int lorryS) {
lorrysize = lorryS;
}
void CTS::set_vansize(int vanS)
{
vansize = vanS;
}
int main()
{
int cargo, lorryprice, vanprice, lorrysize, vansize, options, i, no_lorry, no_van, cost, trips;
ifstream infile;
infile.open("size.txt");
if (infile.is_open()) {
infile >> cargo;
infile >> lorryprice;
infile >> vanprice;
infile >> lorrysize;
infile >> vansize;
}
CTS run;
run.set_cargo(cargo);
run.set_lorryprice(lorryprice);
run.set_vanprice(vanprice);
run.set_lorrysize(lorrysize);
run.set_vansize(vansize);
infile.close();
options = (cargo / lorrysize) + 1;
no_lorry = (cargo / lorrysize);
no_van = (cargo / vansize) + 3;
if (cargo % lorrysize == 0) {
no_van = -3;
}
if (cargo % lorrysize != 0) {
no_van = ((cargo % lorrysize) / 10) - 3;
}
/*it = numbervan.begin();
for (auto ir = numbervan.rbegin(); ir != numbervan.rend(); ++ir) {
cout << *ir << endl;
}*/
vector<int> vCost, vVan, vTrips, vLorry;
vector <int>::iterator it;
for (i = 1; i < options + 1; i++)
{
int numberlorry = no_lorry;
cout << "Option " << i << ":" << endl;
cout << "Number of Mini-Lorries : " << no_lorry-- << endl;
if (no_van >= -3) {
no_van += 3;
}
cout << "Number of Vans : " << no_van << endl;
int numbervan = no_van;
if (numberlorry > numbervan) {
trips = numberlorry;
}
else {
trips = numbervan;
}
cout << "Trips Needed : " << trips << endl;
cost = (numberlorry * lorryprice) + (no_van * vanprice);
cout << "Total Cost : $" << cost << endl;
vCost.push_back(cost);
vLorry.push_back(numberlorry);
vVan.push_back(numbervan);
vTrips.push_back(trips);
}
int counter = vCost.size() - 1;
//std::vector<int>::reverse_iterator ir = vCost.rbegin();
for (i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
//cout << "Lowest #" << i << ": "<<cost<<endl;
cout << "Lowest #" << i << ": $" << vCost[counter] << "(" << vVan[counter] << " Vans, " << vLorry[counter] << " Mini-Lorry, " << vTrips[counter] << " Trips)" << endl;
counter--;
}
int min = *min_element(vTrips.begin(), vTrips.end()); // this line of code we figured out how to
cout << "Fastest: " << min << " trips" << endl; //display the number of trips using algorithm
return 0;
}
Your design is awkward; you create an instance of CTS run; and never use it.
Assuming that you do your calculations right, you need to know at what index you found min. If you store the iterator returned by min_element(), you can get an index by subtracting vTrips.begin() from it. Then the corresponding elements in your vCost, vLorry and vVan vectors will contain the data you want.
However, it would be easier if you define a struct containing your pre-calculated values, and push that into some vector. In that case, all related data is kept together.
I am a first year student of programming, and I need some help.
I have code with public class but I need to change public to private. And it doesn't work for me. Maybe somebody can help me with some suggestions? Here's my working code with public objects, but I need to private. How can I do that?
This is my class's files:
Klientas.h:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Klientas
{
public:
string vardas;
double lesos;
};
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
Klipas.h :
class Klipas
{
public:
string produktas;
string grupe;
double trukme;
double krastine1;
double krastine2;
double plotas;
double klipoSekKaina;
double klipoKaina;
};
My code:
Lab_1.cpp
#include "Klipas.h"
#include "Klientas.h"
using namespace std;
//---------------------------------------------
int main() {
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Lithuanian");
Klipas K[100];
int na;
Klientas kl;
// Iš failo fv įveda duomenis į objektų masyvą K(kiek).
ĮvestiDuomenis("Duomenys.txt", K, na);
SpausdintiDuomenis("Rezultatai.txt", K, na);
}
void ĮvestiDuomenis(string fv, Klipas K[], int & kiek) {
ifstream fd ("Duomenys.txt");
fd >> kiek;
fd.ignore();
for (int i = 0; i < kiek; i++) {
getline(fd, K[i].produktas, ','); fd >> ws;
fd >> K[i].grupe;
fd >> K[i].trukme;
fd >> K[i].krastine1;
fd >> K[i].krastine2;
fd >> K[i].klipoSekKaina;
fd.ignore();
}
fd.close();
// cout << "Programa baigė darbą\n";
}
// Objektų masyvo K(kiek) reikšmes spausdina lentele į failą fv
void SpausdintiDuomenis(string fv, Klipas K[], int kiek) {
ofstream fr("Rezultatai.txt", ios::app);
fr.setf(ios::fixed); fr.setf(ios::left);
cout << "Klipų skaičius: " << kiek << endl;
cout << "Klipų sąrašas:\n";
cout << "----------------------------------------------------\n";
cout << "| Produktas | Grupė | Klipo trukmė(s) | 1 Kraštinė(cm) | 2 Kraštinė(cm) | Klipo sekundės kaina(Eur/s) | \n";
cout << "----------------------------------------------------\n";
for (int i = 0; i < kiek; i++) {
cout << "| " << setw(10) << K[i].produktas << "| " << K[i].grupe
<< setprecision(0) << setw(10) << "| " << K[i].trukme << "| " << setw(15) << K[i].krastine1 << "| " << setw(10) << K[i].krastine2 << "| " << setw(10) << K[i].klipoSekKaina << endl;
}
{
cout << "-------------------------------\n";
cout << "Klipo Kava plotas:" << K[0].krastine1*K[0].krastine2 << " " << "cm2" << endl;
cout << "Klipo Obuolys plotas:" << K[1].krastine1*K[1].krastine2 << " " << "cm2" << endl;
cout << "Klipo Sultys plotas:" << K[2].krastine1*K[2].krastine2 << " " << "cm2" << endl;
cout << "-------------------------------\n";
}
string ilg_trukme; // randame kuris klipas yra ilgiausias
if (K[0].trukme > K[1].trukme) {
ilg_trukme = K[0].produktas;
} else if (K[1].trukme > K[2].trukme) {
ilg_trukme = K[1].produktas;
} else {
ilg_trukme = K[2].produktas;
}
cout << "Ilgiausias klipas: " << ilg_trukme << endl;
cout << "-------------------------------\n";
{
K[0].klipoKaina = K[0].trukme * K[0].klipoSekKaina;
K[1].klipoKaina = K[1].trukme * K[1].klipoSekKaina;
K[2].klipoKaina = K[2].trukme * K[2].klipoSekKaina;
cout << "Klipo Kava Kaina:" << K[0].klipoKaina << " " << "Eur." << endl;
cout << "Klipo Obuolys Kaina:" << K[1].klipoKaina << " " << "Eur." << endl;
cout << "Klipo Sultys Kaina:" << K[2].klipoKaina << " " << "Eur." << endl;
cout << "-------------------------------\n";
}
{
string brangiausias_klipas; //randame kuris klipas brangiausias
double br_kl;
Klientas kl;
if (K[0].klipoKaina > K[1].klipoKaina && K[0].klipoKaina > K[2].klipoKaina ) {
brangiausias_klipas = K[0].produktas;
br_kl = K[0].klipoKaina;
} else if (K[1].klipoKaina > K[2].klipoKaina) {
brangiausias_klipas = K[1].produktas;
br_kl = K[1].klipoKaina;
} else {
brangiausias_klipas = K[2].produktas;
br_kl = K[2].klipoKaina;
}
cout << "Brangiausias klipas yra: " << brangiausias_klipas << endl;
cout << "-------------------------------\n";
cout << "Kiek jūs turite pinigų? " << endl; //kliento turimos pajamos
cin >> kl.lesos ;
cout << "-------------------------------\n";
//Randame kuriuos klipus klientas glaėtų įsigyti su savo pajamom
{
if(kl.lesos < K[0].klipoKaina && kl.lesos < K[1].klipoKaina && kl.lesos < K[2].klipoKaina) {
cout << "Jūs negalite nusipikrti nei vieno klipo " << endl;
} else {
if(kl.lesos >= K[0].klipoKaina) {
cout << "Jūs galite nusipirkti klipą " << K[0].produktas << endl;
}
if (kl.lesos >= K[1].klipoKaina) {
cout << "Jūs galite nusipirkti klipą " << K[1].produktas << endl;
}
if (kl.lesos >= K[2].klipoKaina) {
cout << "Jūs galite nusipirkti klipą " << K[2].produktas << endl;
}
}
}
}
}
Your teacher probably wants you to use getters.
In:
class Klipas
{
public:
string produktas;
string grupe;
double trukme;
double krastine1;
double krastine2;
double plotas;
double klipoSekKaina;
double klipoKaina;
};
You want to have access to all these members, but prevent external changes.
So you can change your code to:
class Klipas
{
public:
string GetProduktas() {return produktas;}
string Getgrupe() {return grupe;}
double Gettrukme() {return trukme;}
double Getkrastine1() {return krastine1;}
double Getkrastine2() {return krastine2;}
double Getplotas() {return plotas;}
double GetklipoSekKaina(){return klipoSekKaina;}
double GetklipoKaina() {return klipoKaina;}
private:
string produktas;
string grupe;
double trukme;
double krastine1;
double krastine2;
double plotas;
double klipoSekKaina;
double klipoKaina;
};
and use those getters instead of the objects themselves in your function:
fd >> K[i].Getgrupe();
fd >> K[i].Gettrukme();
fd >> K[i].Getkrastine1();
fd >> K[i].Getkrastine2();
fd >> K[i].GetklipoKaina();
As for setters go, you can either set your values in the constructor, or implement the same way:
public:
void SetProduktas(string prdkt) {produktas = prdkt;}
You can rewrite your class variables to be private and then use getters and setters to modify them.
class C {
private:
int id;
public:
int get_id() { return this->id; }
void set_id(int newId) { this->id = newId; }
};
Or you can make private class inside of another class
class A {
private:
class D {};
};
I have created csis.txt file but when I look up, it is empty. Could anyone teach me why the file is created without results? Here are my codes:
//ZipCode.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "ZipCode.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
extern ofstream csis;
ZipCode::ZipCode(int _zipcode) {
zipcode = _zipcode;
}
ZipCode::ZipCode(const char *barcode) {
int value;
zipcode = 0;
for (int i = 0; i<5; i++) //repeat x5 positions
{
value = 0;
for (int j = 0;j<5;j++) //repeat x5 letters
{
if (barcode[i * 5 + j] == '1') //if '1' is letter
{
value += base[j]; //add position(5)
}
}
if (value >10)
{
value = 0;
}
zipcode = zipcode * 10 + value;
}
}
string ZipCode::getBarCode()
{
char barcode[26] = "";
int zip = zipcode;
int value;
for (int i = 0;i<5;i++) //repeat x5 positions
{
for (int j = 0;j<4;j++) //repeat x4(last barcode position 0)
{
//10^position * barcode position goes to value
value = (int)(pow(10.0, 4 - i) * base[j]);
if (zip / value)
{
barcode[i * 5 + j] = '1'; //set as '1'
zip = zip % value;//zip is now remainder
}
else
{
barcode[i * 5 + j] = '0'; //set as '0'
}
}
barcode[i * 5 + 4] = '0';
}
return barcode;
}
int ZipCode::getZipCode()
{
return zipcode;
}
//ZipCode.h
#ifndef _ZIPCODE_H
#define _ZIPCODE_H
using namespace std;
class ZipCode {
private:
int zipcode;
int base[5] = { 7,4,2,1,0 }; //barcode positions
public:
ZipCode(int _zipcode); //convert zipcode to barcode
ZipCode(const char *barcode); //convert barcode to zipcode
string getBarCode(); //get barcode
int getZipCode(); //get zipcode
};
#endif
//main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include "ZipCode.h"
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
ofstream csis;
int main()
{
csis.open("csis.txt");
ZipCode zip1(99504);
ZipCode zip2(12345);
ZipCode zip3(67890);
ZipCode zip4("100101010011100001100110001");
ZipCode zip5("110100001011100001100010011");
ZipCode zip6("100011000110101000011100101");
cout << "Digits" << " " << "Bar Code" << endl;
cout << zip1.getZipCode() << setw(35) << zip1.getBarCode() << endl;
cout << zip2.getZipCode() << setw(35) << zip2.getBarCode() << endl;
cout << zip3.getZipCode() << setw(35) << zip3.getBarCode() << endl;
cout << endl;
cout << zip4.getZipCode() << setw(35) << zip4.getBarCode() << endl;
cout << zip5.getZipCode() << setw(35) << zip5.getBarCode() << endl;
cout << zip6.getZipCode() << setw(35) << zip6.getBarCode() << endl;
return 0;
}
You probably want to write the file rather than std::cout.
Just replace :
cout << "Digits" << " " << "Bar Code" << endl;
by
csis << "Digits" << " " << "Bar Code" << endl;`
And repeat that for every line...
I'm having problems with my program's output. It keeps spitting out 12345.
Here's the details:
It's split in three files: program8.cpp (the part that runs tests), myRandom.cpp (implementation of the class), and myRandom.h (specification of the class).
myRandom.h:
#ifndef MYRANDOM_H_
#define MYRANDOM_H_
class myRandom
{
public:
myRandom(); //Constructor
~myRandom(); //Destructor
void seed(unsigned long theSeed); //Mutator for current
unsigned long next(); //Mutator or Accessor for current
int randInt(int start, int end); //Scales result to a range
double randNormal(); //Future expansion
private:
unsigned long current; //Current random #
static const unsigned long a = 1103515245; //Multiplier for LGC
static const unsigned long c = 12345; //Increment for LGC
static const unsigned long m = 2147483648; //Modulus for LGC
};
#endif /* MYRANDOM_H_ */
myRandom.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "myRandom.h"
using namespace std;
myRandom::myRandom() //Constructor
{
current = 0;
}
myRandom::~myRandom() //Destructor
{
}
void myRandom::seed(unsigned long theSeed) //Mutator for current
{
if (theSeed < 0 || theSeed > m-1)
{
// ERROR
return;
}
else
current = theSeed;
}
unsigned long myRandom::next() //Mutator or Accessor for current
{
if (current < 0)
{
cout << "Error: cannot set seed to a negative number" << endl;
return 0;
}
else
{
current = (m*current+c)%m; //Formula
return current;
}
}
int myRandom::randInt(int start, int end) //Scales result to a range
{
if (start >= end)
{
cout << "Error: cannot set start greater than or equal to end" << endl;
return 0;
}
else
{
return ((this->next() % (end - start)) + start);
}
}
double myRandom::randNormal() //Future expansion
{
cout << "Warning: randNormal not implemented" << endl;
return 0;
}
program8.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "myRandom.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
myRandom theRand;
unsigned long theSeed;
cout << "Verify that the sequence generated by next() is the same on each run" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
}
cout << "Verify that you can set the seed to 0 and 1" << endl;
theSeed = 0;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
theSeed = 1;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
cout << "Verify that attempting to set the seed to -1 generates an error" << endl;
theSeed = -1;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
cout << "Verify that you can set the seed to m-2 and m-1" << endl;
theSeed = 2147483648-2;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
theSeed = 2147483648-1;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
cout << "Verify that attempting to set the seed to m generates and error" << endl;
theSeed = 2147483648;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
cout << "Verify that next() produces a sequence predicted by hand/calc for the chosen seed" << endl;
cout << "Please enter a seed: ";
cin >> theSeed;
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
cout << "Verify that using start == end generates and error. Set both to 10." << endl;
theRand.randInt(10,10);
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
cout << "Verify that using start > end generates and error. Set start to 10 and end to 5." << endl;
theRand.randInt(10,5);
cout << theRand.next() << endl;
theRand.seed(theSeed);
cout << "Testing randInt for start=0 end=1,000" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout << theRand.randInt(0 , 1000) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
I think the problem lies in the next() function, since that's what gets called all those times in program8.cpp cout statements. I could understand getting 12345 once, but it should be updated once that function runs successive times. I apologize if it's a dumb question. Thank you for your time and patience.
Your problem isn't a code specific one - it is Math-related from here:
current = (m*current+c)%m;
This always returns the value of c if c < m, otherwise (or more generally) it returns c % m. Why? From this theorem:
(m*n + a)%m = a
Example:
m = 10
n = 3
a = 7
(10*3 + 7)%10 = 7
See this for more:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation