How can I change all the column to $8.?
Below is my code
data workout;
input Day1-Day7 $8. ;
datalines;`
chest leg back rest chest leg back;
run;
And the result only show the last column Day7 with back and other column just show . only
First of all, your code will likely not produce any output. The semicolon ; ending the data enumeration should be located on a separate line, not on the same line as your records.
Secondly, only Day7 has a value because it is the only variable that you specify as character. Make sure to use parenthesis around the type and length and use the colon : modifier to tell SAS to read the variables until there is a space or delimiter (:$8.).
Also, the run; at the end is not needed, but does not harm any ;)
data workout;
input (Day1-Day7) (:$8.);
datalines;
chest leg back rest chest leg back
;
chest leg back rest chest leg back
Related
I can't get why there isn't $ between Age and Weight like there is for others
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And Why the missing value is denoted by blank in row 2 but period(.) in row 4
enter image description here
Please help with such questions, I'm new to SAS and it's so miserable when I asked my colleagues, and nobody was willing to answer...
The $ after name and gender indicates that those variables are character variables. The other variables are numeric variables. Those are the only 2 data types in SAS.
Missing values for character variables are blanks while missing values for numeric variables are shown with a period.
The $ modifier in a INPUT statement let's SAS know that it should treat the preceding variable as CHARACTER instead of numeric. It is only needed when you have not previously already told SAS that the variable is character, because the default assumption is that a variable is numeric.
The normal character informat, $, which is what your code used because it did not specify any other informat for NAME or SEX, will convert a single period into blanks, which is how SAS stores an empty character value. If you want SAS to input a single period as an actual single period you would need to use the $CHAR informat instead. So if you modified the input statement like this:
input name $ sex :$char1. age weight ;
then the value of SEX would be the one byte string '.' (since the width of the informat gave SAS better information about what length to use to define the variable) instead of the current 8 character string of blanks ' '.
The normal way to display a missing numeric variable is as a single period. You can change to have it display some other single character instead by changing the setting of the MISSING option. For example to have the missing values of AGE print as blank also you could add this OPTIONS statement before you print it.
options missing=' ';
I have two lines of observations to read in SAS.
It is a comma-delimited data set.
My code is as below:
DATA SASweek1.industry;
INFILE "&Dirdata.Assignment1_Q6_data.txt" DLM="," DSD termstr=crlf TRUNCOVER;
LENGTH Company $ 15;
INPUT Company $ State $ Expense COMMA9. ;
FORMAT Expense DOLLAR9.;
*INFORMAT Expense DOLLAR10.;
RUN; * not ready;
The raw data set looks like this:
I can print out the first line of observations well,
but the last "0" will go to the first position of the second
line, becoming "0Lee's..".
Any suggestions would be highly appreciated!!
It is just doing what you told it to do. You told it to read exactly 9 characters.
Normally you should not use formatted input mode with delimited data. You prevent that by either adding the : (colon) prefix in front of the informat specification in the INPUT statement or removing the informat specification completely and using an INFORMAT statement to let SAS know what informat to use.
But your data is NOT properly delimited because the last field contains the delimiter, but the value is not enclosed in quotes. So the commas make it look like two values instead of one. The real solution is to fix the process that created the file to create a valid delimited file. It needs to quote the values with commas in them, or remove the commas from the numbers, or use a delimiter character that does not appear in the data.
Fortunately since it is the last field on the line you CAN use formatted input to read just that field. Since you are using the TRUNCOVER option just set the width of the informat in the INPUT statement to the maximum.
DATA SASweek1.industry;
INFILE "&Dirdata.Assignment1_Q6_data.txt" DLM="," DSD termstr=crlf TRUNCOVER;
LENGTH Company $15 State $15 Expense 8;
INPUT Company State Expense COMMA32. ;
FORMAT Expense DOLLAR9.;
RUN;
I can not find the way to reverse text strings.
For example I want to reverse these:
MMMM121231M34 to become 43M132121MMMM
MM1M11M1 to become 1M11M1MM
1111213111 to become 1113121111
Judging from your examples, what you mean by 'rearrange' is actually 'reverse'.
In that case, you've got the very handy reverse() function in SAS.
Used in context:
data test;
length text $32;
infile datalines;
input text $;
result=reverse(strip(text));
datalines;
MMMM121231M34
MM1M11M1
1111213111
;
run;
EDIT on #Joe's request: in the particular example above, I create the test dataset by setting a length of 32 characters for the text variable. Therefore, when reading the values from datalines, these are padded with blanks up to that total of 32 characters. Hence, when reversing that value, the result has that many blanks at the start, followed by the actual value you are looking for. By adding the strip function, you remove the excess blanks from the value of text before reversing, keeping only the "real" value in the result.
I am using the notalnum function in SAS. The input is a db field. Now, the function is returning a value that tells me there is a special character at the end of every string.
It is not a space character, because I have used COMPRESS function on the input field.
How can I print the ACII value of the special character at the end of each string?
The $HEX. format is the easiest way to see what they are:
data have;
var="Something With A Special Char"||'0D'x;
run;
data _null_;
set have;
rul=repeat('1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ',3); *so we can easily see what char is what;
put rul=;
put var= $HEX.;
run;
You can also use the c option on compress (var=compress(var,,'c');) to compress out control characters (which are often the ones you're going to run into in these situations).
Finally - 'A0'x is a good one to add to the list, the non-breaking space, if your data comes from the web.
If you want to see the position of the character within the ascii table you can use the rank() function, e.g.:
data _null_;
string = 'abc123';
do i = 1 to length(string);
asc = rank(substr(string,i,1));
put i= asc=;
end;
run;
Gives:
i=1 asc=97
i=2 asc=98
i=3 asc=99
i=4 asc=49
i=5 asc=50
i=6 asc=51
Joe's solution is very elegant, but seeing as my hex->decimal conversion skills are pretty poor I tend to do it this way.
I'm familiar with the :, and ~ modifiers in SAS put and input statements. The behaviour of & in an input statement is also fairly well documented. But what does & do in a put statement?
It seems to have a similar effect to :, triggering modified list output rather than formatted output, but I can't find any documentation of this behaviour.
E.g.
data _null_;
set sashelp.class;
file 'c:\temp\output.csv' dlm=',';
put Name Sex Age & 4. Height Weight;
run;
Quoting from the on-line documentation in the section of SAS 9.4 under INPUT Statement, List
&
indicates that a character value can have one or more single embedded blanks. This format modifier reads the value from the next non-blank column until the pointer reaches two consecutive blanks, the defined length of the variable, or the end of the input line, whichever comes first.
Restriction:
The & modifier must follow the variable name and $ sign that it affects.
Tip:
If you specify an informat after the & modifier, the terminating condition for the format modifier remains two blanks.
Here is an example from the example section:
Example Reading Character Data That Contains Embedded Blanks
The INPUT statement in this DATA step uses the & format modifier with list input to read character values that contain embedded blanks.
data list;
infile file-specification;
input name $ & score;
run;
It can read these input data records:
----+----1----+----2----+----3----+
Joseph 11 Joergensen red
Mitchel 13 Mc Allister blue
Su Ellen 14 Fischer-Simon green
The & modifier follows the variable that it affects in the INPUT statement. Because this format modifier follows NAME, at least two blanks must separate the NAME field from the SCORE field in the input data records.
You can also specify an informat with a format modifier, as shown here:
input name $ & +3 lastname & $15. team $;
In addition, this INPUT statement reads the same data to demonstrate that you are not required to read all the values in an input record. The +3 column pointer control moves the pointer past the score value in order to read the value for LASTNAME and TEAM.