This question already has answers here:
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?
(39 answers)
Closed 1 year ago.
Here comes the sample codes:
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
unsigned char* cu_test;
cudaMalloc((void**)&cu_test, 3200);
CUdeviceptr pbase;
size_t psize;
CUresult res = cuMemGetAddressRange(&pbase, &psize, (CUdeviceptr)cu_test);
printf("cu_img_yuv size: %ld", psize);
return 0;
}
While it throws error when compiling whatever the cuda version is(tested from 11.3 to 11.5):
$ nvcc main.cu -o main
/tmp/tmpxft_0000e288_00000000-11_main.o: In function `main':
tmpxft_0000e288_00000000-6_main.cudafe1.cpp:(.text+0x54): undefined reference to `cuMemGetAddressRange_v2'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Can someone help pointing out what the problem is plz?
The message:
error: ld returned 1 exit status
denotes that it is a linking error ( see ld ).
To see this is the case, you can run
nvcc -c main.cu -o main.o
and you will not get any error. This is the source-code compilation step!
Solution:
You need to explicitly specify linkage with the CUDA driver stub library:
nvcc main.cu -o main -lcuda
That is because cuMemGetAddressRange() is part of the CUDA Driver API, not the CUDA runtime API.
NOTE: you did not cudaFree() the allocated memory, you might want to fix this!
Edit: (credit to #talonmies comment) You do not have to explicitly link against the CUDA runtime library (-lcudart), because nvcc will automatically link against it.
Related
This question already has answers here:
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?
(39 answers)
Closed last month.
I'm trying to use Visual Studio for a specific project but I can't get files to link properly.
When including a header file with a defined function in another cpp file im getting an error undefined reference to testFunc() collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Thing is, this exact same code works perfectly in Eclipse. Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong?
Test.cpp
#include "Other.h"
int main(){
testFunc();
return 0;
}
Other.h
#pragma once
void testFunc();
Other.cpp
#include "Other.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void testFunc(){
cout << "HelloWorld";
}
When Buildung, this occours:
Starting build...
C:\MinGW\bin\g++.exe -fdiagnostics-color=always -g C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Test.cpp -o C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Test.exe
C:\Users\johan\AppData\Local\Temp\cck3aAZo.o: In function `main':
C:/Users/johan/cu-workspace/TEst/Test.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testFunc()'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Build finished with error(s).
If you build Other.h and Other.cpp as a project, then you need to configure the linker to add Other.lib into test project.
For a simple scenario, you can have all 3 files in one project and they should build just fine.
According to your build info:
C:\MinGW\bin\g++.exe -fdiagnostics-color=always -g C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Test.cpp -o C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Test.exe
You can see that Other.cpp is not in your project, so you might need to add it into your project.
Since you are using VS code, you can write a simple command in terminal to build your code:
C:\MinGW\bin\g++.exe -g C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Test.cpp C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Other.cpp -o C:\Users\johan\cu-workspace\TEst\Test.exe
This question already has answers here:
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?
(39 answers)
Closed 4 years ago.
I am currently becoming crazy. It seems like there is a problem with gcc and it can't open include files can't find the function DoIt() when linking. I tried compiling this code in code blocks and it didn't work so I tried it with G++ in the console and it still didn't work. So I think it's a problem with gcc.
This is my code
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "source.h"
int main()
{
std::cout<<"That works"<<std::endl;
DoIt();
while(true)
{
}
return 0;
}
source.cpp
#include "source.h"
#include <iostream>
void DoIt()
{
std::cout<<"That works too"<<std::endl; //Currently doesn't work
}
source.h
void DoIt();
And this is what I wrote in the terminal
g++ main.cpp -std=c++11 -o result
This is the error message when i run it
/tmp/ccG6X4Bw.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x2d): undefined reference to `DoIt()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I have no clue why it doesn't work
By default, gcc will try to compile and link. Linking without the code from source.cpp will cause the linker to be unable to link the call of DoIt to its code. If you just wish to compile, pass -c to gcc.
From the man page:
When you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing, compilation, assembly and linking.
...
-c Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link.
The linking stage simply is not done.
This question already has answers here:
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?
(39 answers)
Closed 5 years ago.
I am completely new to Open AL.
So I started with installing Open AL library through command line
sudo apt-get install libopenal-dev
And also I installed alut installed with this command
sudo apt-get install libalut0 libalut-dev
Also I forked open Al from http://kcat.strangesoft.net/openal.html
and installed it also.
But when I am trying to compile this simple program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <AL/al.h>
#include <AL/alc.h>
#include <AL/alut.h>
int main(){
ALCdevice *device;
device=alcOpenDevice(NULL);
if(!device)
{
printf("no device found");
}
else
{
printf("device found");
}
return 0;
}
I am getting this error:
/tmp/cchMpaeS.o: In function main':
altest.cpp:(.text+0xe): undefined reference toalcOpenDevice'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I compiled it with
g++ altest.cpp
g++ -std=c++11 altest.cpp
Both of them gave same error.
You need to link to the OpenAl library:
g++ -std=c++11 altest.cpp -lopenal
I have a basic Hello World C++ program that I am trying to compile and run on cygwin with g++. The code is:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello world." << endl;
return 0;
}
Compiling it with: g++ helloWorld.cpp -o h results in the following error:
/tmp/ccDO1S4J.o:helloWorld.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr.__dso_handle[.refptr.__dso_handle]+0x0): undefined reference to__dso_handle'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status`
I have been reading up on some other threads that indicate that it might be a linker problem and that invoking the linker separately or with verbose output might lead to some more clues.
So, I did:
1. g++ -c helloWorld.cpp -o helloWorld.o (this works - no errors).
2. ld -o h helloWorld.o causes a lot of undefined reference to __main or std::cout etc. errors.
I think this is a linking issue and that I need to link another library perhaps. Any pointers on how to solve this are most welcome.
Re-installing g++ via the installer application on cygwin worked.
This question already has answers here:
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?
(39 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
I was following http://lazyfoo.net/tutorials/SDL/01_hello_SDL/windows/codeblocks/index.php tutorial on how to use SDL with Code::Blocks since I've been having trouble with this in pretty much every damn IDE I've tried.
The tutorial is pretty straight forward, on step number 7 it states
"we have to tell the compiler to link against the libraries. Go under Linker Settings and paste -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2". I did exactly that. Then it says that if you get a bunch of undefined reference errors, you messed up this step, I don't really see how it is possible for me to mess up this step, since it is a simple step.
I would really like to get started with this, while using MinGW and Code::Blocks.
Information that might help resolve this:
I have MinGW directory located in my C:
I have a folder SDL in my C: directory, within that folder I am linking the include and lib files from SDL to Code::BLocks by right clicking on project properties and adding the directories. This all seems to be working fine.Include Directory = C:\SDL\SDL2-2.0.3\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\SDL2 Lib Directory = C:\SDL\SDL2-2.0.3\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib
As stated above, on the Linker Setting -> Other Linker Options: I wrote -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2, yet I get a bunch of reference errors. I don't know what to try, I have been searching online for hours, I even replaced SDL_platform.h because it was causing issues and the undefined references are still there.
Please help. This is the code I am using to check if SDL is working, it isn't.
#include "SDL.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <Windows.h>
int main( int argc, char* argv[])
{
// Fire up SDL, this starts all subsystems; audio video etc.
if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) < 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to init SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
exit(1);
}
// Now Shut it down
atexit(SDL_Quit);
return 0;
}
These are the errors I am getting:
-------------- Build: Debug in TITLE (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler)---------------
mingw32-g++.exe -Wall -g -IC:\SDL\SDL2-2.0.3\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\SDL2 -c C:\Users\Bryan\Desktop\CodeBlocks\TITLE\main.cpp -o obj\Debug\main.o
mingw32-g++.exe -LC:\SDL\SDL2-2.0.3\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib -o bin\Debug\TITLE.exe obj\Debug\main.o -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2
obj\Debug\main.o: In function `SDL_main':
C:/Users/Bryan/Desktop/CodeBlocks/TITLE/main.cpp:10: undefined reference to `SDL_Init'
C:/Users/Bryan/Desktop/CodeBlocks/TITLE/main.cpp:11: undefined reference to `SDL_GetError'
C:/Users/Bryan/Desktop/CodeBlocks/TITLE/main.cpp:15: undefined reference to `SDL_Quit'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/lib/libmingw32.a(main.o): In function `main':
e:\p\giaw\src\pkg\mingwrt-4.0.3-1-mingw32-src\bld/../mingwrt-4.0.3-1-mingw32-src/src/libcrt/crt/main.c:91: undefined reference to `WinMain#16'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))
4 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))
You have created a Windows executable project. The wizard set the entry point to WinMain. Your code implements a command line program with main(int argc, char**argv) as entry point.
If you want to stay with the main you should create a new command line project and add you
source files to this project. Alternativly you could try to change the project type.
For the SDL errors you should check, that you use matching compiler and libraries (32 vs. 64 bit).