I am trying to call a variadic function template using std::invoke() and std::apply().
And I apologize ahead of time, because I'm basically dropping a snippet of code here and asking someone to help me understand the error messages to solve the problem.
So, in the example code below,
std::invoke() on the non-variadic template functions works fine.
std::invoke() on the variadic template function does not compile!
#include <functional>
#include <tuple>
struct Thing
{
// Some simple functions to test things out
int func0() { return 0; }
int func1(int) { return 1; }
int func2(int, int) { return 2; }
// A variadic template function that causes problems below
template<typename ...Args>
int funcn(Args&&...) { return 99; }
};
int main()
{
Thing thing;
// These work fine
std::invoke(&Thing::func0, thing);
std::invoke(&Thing::func1, thing, 1);
std::invoke(&Thing::func2, thing, 1, 2);
// This one doesn't work
std::invoke(
&Thing::funcn,
thing,
1, 2, 3, 4
);
}
The errors I'm getting are here: (Output of x86-64 clang 12.0.1 (Compiler #1))
Wrap lines
<source>:26:5: error: no matching function for call to 'invoke'
std::invoke(
^~~~~~~~~~~
functional:94:5: note: candidate template ignored: couldn't infer template argument '_Callable'
invoke(_Callable&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
^
The std::invoke expect a callable function. The funcn is a function template, and you need to instantiate to get a real function out of it and there-by you can take the address of it.
That means (explicitly) provide the template parameter to the function, how you want to instantiate it, so that std::invoke can see the function which it can invoke.
std::invoke(
&Thing::funcn<int, int, int, int>, // works now
thing,
1, 2, 3, 4
);
Related
I'm trying to realize some abstraction with functions in c++.
I want to do template function which takes two functions as arguments:
template <class inpOutp, class decis>
bool is_part_of_triangle(inpOutp ft_take_data,
decis ft_result){
return (ft_take_data(ft_result));
}
first one ft_take_data is template too and takes one function as argument:
template <class dec>
bool take_data(dec ft_result){
...
ft_result(cathetus_size, x_X, y_X);
...
}
second one ft_result should be the argument of ft_take_data:
int result(int cath_size, int x_X, int x_Y){
...
}
And i try to run it all in main like:
int main(void){
return (is_part_of_triangle(take_data, result));
}
But i have the error from compiler:
error: no matching function for call to 'is_part_of_triangle(<unresolved overloaded function type>, int (&)(int, int, int))'
return (is_part_of_triangle(take_data, result));
main.cpp:38:7: note: candidate: template<class inpOutp, class decis> bool is_part_of_triangle(inpOutp, decis)
bool is_part_of_triangle(inpOutp ft_take_data,
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:38:7: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
main.cpp:49:47: note: couldn't deduce template parameter 'inpOutp'
return (is_part_of_triangle(take_data, result));
How can i realize this scheme - run template function with two functions in arguments, one of which the template function too (which call second one):
-> func1(func2, func3);
-> in func1 { func2(func3); }
-> in func2 { func3(...); }
The take_data is a template not an real function of which the address/ function pointer can be passed.
In order to get a concrete function, the template must be instantiated.
That means you need to pass something like:
take_data<TYPE OF NON-TEMPLATE FUNCTION>
Or simply
take_data<decltype(FUNCTION)>
That means you can either
return is_part_of_triangle(&take_data<int (*)(int, int, int)>, &result);
Or
return is_part_of_triangle(&take_data<decltype(result)>, &result);
When take_data is a template function, you must specify its template when you pass this function as a parameter
You can do it like this:
typedef int(*RESULT_FUNC)(int, int, int);
return (is_part_of_triangle(&take_data<RESULT_FUNC>, &result));
I'm trying to pass a list of pairs of types constructed from boost::mp11::mp_product to a function that takes the pairs along with an additional function argument via boost::mp11::mp_for_each.
The docs I've found for mp_for_each are limited to use with generic lambdas or pure functions, so I can't seem to figure out if the use of std::bind is the way to go; and if it is, what I'm doing wrong yielding the following compiler error:
error: no matching function for call to 'bind'
std::bind(inject_foo, m, std::placeholders::_1));
^~~~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/functional:2953:1: note: candidate template ignored: couldn't infer template argument '_Fp'
bind(_Fp&& __f, _BoundArgs&&... __bound_args)
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/functional:2962:1: note: candidate template ignored: couldn't infer template argument '_Rp'
bind(_Fp&& __f, _BoundArgs&&... __bound_args)
Code I'm using:
#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
#include <boost/mp11.hpp>
#include <functional>
using boost::mp11::mp_product;
using boost::mp11::mp_for_each;
template <typename...> struct type_list {};
// all possible types
using my_type_list = type_list<
double, float, py::ssize_t, int, unsigned int, unsigned long>;
// construct all possible pairs of types with help from boost::mp11
using my_type_pairs = mp_product<
type_list, my_type_list, my_type_list>;
// the C++ function that we bind to a python module in the next function.
template <typename Tx, typename Ty>
py::array<py::ssize_t> foo(p::array_t<Tx> x, py::array_t<Ty>) {
py::array_t<py::ssize_t> z;
// do something with x and y
return z;
}
// bind foo<Tx, Ty> function to py::module m
template <typename Tx, typename Ty>
void inject_foo(py::module_& m, const type_list<Tx, Ty>&) {
m.def("_foo", &foo<Tx, Ty>, py::arg("x").noconvert(), py::arg("y").noconvert());
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(_backend, m) {
// these function calls work as expected:
// inject_foo(m, type_list<double, double>{});
// inject_foo(m, type_list<double, float>{});
// inject_foo(m, type_list<double, int>{});
// .....
// trying to make my life easier with the loop
// over all possible types of pairs is not working
mp_for_each(pg_type_pairs{}, std::bind(inject_foo, m, std::placeholders::_1));
}
PiotrNycz's comment led to an answer:
mp_for_each<pg_type_pairs>([&](const auto& x) { inject_foo(m, x); });
Provides the desired behavior (In the question I was even using the mp_for_each API incorrectly; switching to a lambda helped find that error).
While exploring templates in C++, I stumbled upon the example in the following code:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
template <typename T>
void call(std::function<void(T)> f, T v)
{
f(v);
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
auto foo = [](int i) {
std::cout << i << std::endl;
};
call(foo, 1);
return 0;
}
To compile this program, I am using the GNU C++ Compiler g++:
$ g++ --version // g++ (Ubuntu 6.5.0-1ubuntu1~16.04) 6.5.0 20181026
After compiling for C++11, I get the following error:
$ g++ -std=c++11 template_example_1.cpp -Wall
template_example_1.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, const char**)’:
template_example_1.cpp:15:16: error: no matching function for call to ‘call(main(int, const char**)::<lambda(int)>&, int)’
call(foo, 1);
^
template_example_1.cpp:5:6: note: candidate: template<class T> void call(std::function<void(T)>, T)
void call(std::function<void(T)> f, T v)
^~~~
template_example_1.cpp:5:6: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
template_example_1.cpp:15:16: note: ‘main(int, const char**)::<lambda(int)>’ is not derived from ‘std::function<void(T)>’
call(foo, 1);
^
(same for C++14 and C++17)
From the compiler error and notes I understand that the compiler failed to deduce the type of the lambda, since it cannot be matched against std::function.
Looking at previous questions (1, 2, 3, and 4) regarding this error, I am still confused about it.
As pointed out in answers from questions 3 and 4, this error can be fixed by explicitly specifying the template argument, like so:
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
...
call<int>(foo, 1); // <-- specify template argument type
// call<double>(foo, 1) // <-- works! Why?
return 0;
}
However, when I use other types instead of int, like double, float, char, or bool, it works as well, which got me more confused.
So, my questions are as follow:
Why does it work when I explicitly specify int (and others) as the template argument?
Is there a more general way to solve this?
A std::function is not a lambda, and a lambda is not a std::function.
A lambda is an anonymous type with an operator() and some other minor utility. Your:
auto foo = [](int i) {
std::cout << i << std::endl;
};
is shorthand for
struct __anonymous__type__you__cannot__name__ {
void operator()(int i) {
std::cout << i << std::endl;
}
};
__anonymous__type__you__cannot__name__ foo;
very roughly (there are actual convert-to-function pointer and some other noise I won't cover).
But, note that it does not inherit from std::function<void(int)>.
A lambda won't deduce the template parameters of a std::function because they are unrelated types. Template type deduction is exact pattern matching against types of arguments passed and their base classes. It does not attempt to use conversion of any kind.
A std::function<R(Args...)> is a type that can store anything copyable that can be invoked with values compatible with Args... and returns something compatible with R.
So std::function<void(char)> can store anything that can be invoked with a char. As int functions can be invoked with a char, that works.
Try it:
void some_func( int x ) {
std::cout << x << "\n";
}
int main() {
some_func('a');
some_func(3.14);
}
std::function does that some conversion from its signature to the callable stored within it.
The simplest solution is:
template <class F, class T>
void call(F f, T v) {
f(v);
}
now, in extremely rare cases, you actually need the signature. You can do this in c++17:
template<class T>
void call(std::function<void(T)> f, T v) {
f(v);
}
template<class F, class T>
void call(F f_in, T v) {
std::function f = std::forward<F>(f_in);
call(std::move(f), std::forward<T>(v));
}
Finally, your call is a crippled version of std::invoke from c++17. Consider using it; if not, use backported versions.
I wrote some code that retrieves the types of the non-auto parameters when given a generic lambda function. As you can see in the code below, the idea is to call the connect function with a generic lambda and provide arguments for the auto parameters (which will always be at the front in my use case). So in the code below my goal was to detect that the second parameter is of type float.
The code works fine with clang 3.8 but it doesn't compile with gcc 6.1.1, so I was wondering whether this was a bug in gcc or if this is just not valid c++ code? Can I assume that a generic lambda is implemented with a templated operator() function or is this compiler-specific?
template <typename Functor, typename... AllArgs, typename... ProvidedArgs>
void findArgTypes(void(Functor::*)(AllArgs...) const, Functor, ProvidedArgs...)
{
// AllArgs == int, float
// ProvidedArgs == int
}
template <typename Func, typename... ProvidedArgs>
void connect(Func func, ProvidedArgs... providedArgs)
{
findArgTypes(&Func::template operator()<ProvidedArgs...>, func, providedArgs...);
}
int main()
{
int tmp = 0;
connect([&](auto, float){ ++tmp; }, 0);
}
The error that gcc gives is this:
main.cpp: In instantiation of ‘void connect(Func, ProvidedArgs ...) [with Func = main()::<lambda(auto:1, float)>; ProvidedArgs = {int}]’:
main.cpp:16:33: required from here
main.cpp:11:17: error: no matches converting function ‘operator()’ to type ‘void (struct main()::<lambda(auto:1, float)>::*)() const’
findArgTypes(&Func::template operator()<ProvidedArgs...>, func, providedArgs...);
~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:16:27: note: candidate is: template<class auto:1> main()::<lambda(auto:1, float)>
connect([](auto, float){}, 0);
^
Removing the const in findArgTypes gives the same result.
Using the following code works with both compilers:
struct Foo
{
template <typename T>
void operator()(T, float) const {}
};
int main()
{
Foo f;
connect(f, 0);
}
You have error because you are expecting functor (object) but lambda with empty capture is convertible to free function:
int main() {
using function = void (*)(int, float);
function a = [](auto, float){};
}
See lambda from cppreference:
For the newest version of your question that implementation satisfies both compilers:
template <typename Func, typename... ProvidedArgs>
void connect(Func func, ProvidedArgs... providedArgs)
{
auto mf = &Func::template operator()<ProvidedArgs...>;
findArgTypes(mf, func, providedArgs...);
}
I think this is gcc compiler bug that gcc needs this auto local variable to work correctly...
BTW, one question - one bug in clang, one in gcc - I really advice you to find simpler way to achieve your goals - maybe consider to just use std::function instead of quite fresh generic-lambda?
I am trying to pass a callback function as function parameter. But getting template substitution failure errors in following code. Not sure why template substitution is failing.
#include<iostream>
#include <map>
#include <tuple>
#include <functional>
template<typename A,typename B>
void myfun(std::map<A,B> & mm, std::function<std::tuple<A,B>(void)> fn)
{
A key;
B val;
std::tie(key,val) = fn();
mm[key] = val;
}
std::tuple<std::string,int> fun()
{
return std::make_tuple(std::string("hi"),1);
}
int main()
{
std::map<std::string,int> gg;
#if 0
//fixed version
std::function<std::tuple<std::string,int>(void)> yy = fun;//fixed
myfun(gg,yy);//fixed
#else
// error causing code
myfun(gg,fun);
#endif
}
And error is as following
main.cpp:8:6: note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
main.cpp:25:17: note: mismatched types 'std::function<std::tuple<_T1, _T2>()>' and 'std::tuple<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, int> (*)()'
myfun(gg,fun);
The compiler can't both cast to a std::function and deduce the template arguments. It doesn't understand the mapping between an arbitrary function pointer and a std::function.
There are a few ways round this.
You could explicitly create a std::function at the call site:
myfun(gg,std::function<std::tuple<std::string,int>(void)>{fun});`
You could write a make_function function to deduce the types for you. You can find discussions and implementations of this online, such as here, here and here.
myfun(gg,make_function(fun));
You could just forget about std::function and deduce the entire function type. This is the approach I would take:
template<typename A,typename B, typename Fun>
void myfun(std::map<A,B> & mm, Fun fn)
{
A key;
B val;
std::tie(key,val) = fn();
mm[key] = val;
}