I am reading AMR payload from amr file, and then sending the same in RTP packet.
In amr file, after file header, frame header + speech frames are present.
The frame header portion in file looks as below.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|P| FT |Q|P|P|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where FT is speech coding mode and Q bit says about frame quality.
Now when I packetize AMR data in a RTP packet, the header before speech frame contains
CMR as below
0 1 2 3
+-+-+-+-+
| CMR |
+-+-+-+-+
And ToC as below
0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|F| FT |Q|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+
In ToC the F bit indicates if speech frame is last one in packet or not.
If F bit is 1, then there is a next speech frame in packet.
If F bit is 0, then there is no speech frame present in packet.
From amr file, I do not have any data that indicates what value F bit should have.
How do I know whether I need to set F bit to 0 or 1?
Related
I'm trying to write a regex that will find "Vlan20" and the word "up" after line protocol is in the first line. I wrote a regex below that will give me the group that the word "up" and "vlan20" are located in but is this the best way to achieve this? The regex just seems very long. The will use those values in a conditional statememt.
((^Vlan20)(\s\w+)(\s\w+),(\s\w+)(\s\w+)(\s\w+)(\s\w+))
Sample text:
Vlan20 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is EtherSVI, address is 588d.0939.ffb4 (bia 588d.0939.ffb4)
Description: MATS Network
Internet address is 10.88.5.49/28
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive not supported
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:04, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 1
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1992293 packets input, 187299894 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 22809 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
2115535 packets output, 813500880 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 1 interface resets
89225 unknown protocol drops
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
I have this Data Frame:
Campaña Visitas Compras
1 faceBOOKAds-1 524 2
2 FacebookAds-2 487 24
3 fcebookAds-3 258 4
4 Email1 8 7
And i want this:
Campaña Visitas Compras
1 FBAds1 524 2
2 FBAds2 487 24
3 FBAds3 258 4
4 Email1 8 7
1) I've read that "GSUB" would do the work so i've used this:
DataGoogle2 <- gsub("faceBOOKAds-1", "FBAds", DataGoogle1$Campaña)
But i get this vector object (As you see i've lost my data.frame format):
[1] "FBAds" "FacebookAds-2" "fcebookAds-3" "Email1" ...
2) Then i try to use: as.data.frame:
DataGoogle2 <- as.data.frame(gsub("faceBOOKAds-1", "FBAds", DataGoogle1$Campaña))
But get this (No data frame format):
1 FBAds
2 fFacebookAds-2
3 fcebookAds-3
4 Email1
How can i get what i need? I know that the replacement method is not so good. What i need the most is not to loose the Data Frame format, but any help with the REGEX part is welcome!
You can use transform (and another regex).
DataGoogle2 <- transform(DataGoogle1, Campaña = sub("(?i)fa?cebook(.*)-(.*)",
"FB\\1\\2", Campaña))
# Campaña Visitas Compras
# 1 FBAds1 524 2
# 2 FBAds2 487 24
# 3 FBAds3 258 4
# 4 Email1 8 7
The functions sub and gsub return a vector. Hence, the information of all other columns is not present in the output. With transform you can modify columns of an existing data frame and return a new one.
In the regex, (?i) starts the non-case sensitive mode. Furthermore, I used sub since I assume that there is never more than one match per string.
When you used the following code:
DataGoogle2 <- gsub("faceBOOKAds-1", "FBAds", DataGoogle1$Campaña)
R reads that you want to your data frame to consist of DataGoogle1$Campaña column only and hence you get that output.
In stead, try this:
DataGoogle2$Campaña <- gsub("faceBOOKAds-1", "FBAds", DataGoogle1$Campaña)
This way you are saying that you want the COLUMN and not the DATA FRAME to be transformed. In any code, your LHS of expression is as important as your RHS code.
Hope this helps.
You could also do direct replacement on the first column. This replaces the desired parts in the first column only by operating on the first column only. And this will keep the desired data frame structure.
> dat[[1]] <- gsub("f(.*)[-]", "FBAds", dat[[1]], ignore.case = TRUE)
> dat
# Campaña Visitas Compras
# 1 FBAds1 524 2
# 2 FBAds2 487 24
# 3 FBAds3 258 4
# 4 Email1 8 7
...presuming your original data is called dat.
In my Linux C++ application I want to get names of all SCSI disks which are present on the
system. e.g. /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, ... and so on.
Currently I am getting it from the file /proc/scsi/sg/devices output using below code:
host chan SCSI id lun type opens qdepth busy online
0 0 0 0 0 1 128 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 128 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 128 0 1
1 0 0 2 0 1 128 0 1
// If SCSI device Id is > 26 then the corresponding device name is like /dev/sdaa or /dev/sdab etc.
if (MAX_ENG_ALPHABETS <= scsiId)
{
// Device name order is: aa, ab, ..., az, ba, bb, ..., bz, ..., zy, zz.
deviceName.append(1, 'a'+ (char)(index / MAX_ENG_ALPHABETS) - 1);
deviceName.append(1, 'a'+ (char)(index % MAX_ENG_ALPHABETS));
}
// If SCSI device Id is < 26 then the corresponding device name is liek /dev/sda or /dev/sdb etc.
else
{
deviceName.append(1, 'a'+ index);
}
But the file /proc/scsi/sg/devices also contains the information about the disk which were previously present on the system. e.g If I detach the disk (LUN) /dev/sdc from the system
the file /proc/scsi/sg/devices still contains info of /dev/sdc which is invalid.
Tell me is there any different way to get the SCSI disk names? like a system call?
Thanks
You can simply read list of all files like /dev/sd* (in C, you would need to use opendir/readdir/closedir) and filter it by sdX (where X is one or two letters).
Also, you can get list of all partitions by reading single file /proc/partitions, and then filter 4th field by sdX:
$ cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 52428799 sda
8 1 265041 sda1
8 2 1 sda2
8 5 2096451 sda5
8 6 50066541 sda6
which would give you list of all physical disks together with their capacity (3rd field).
After get disk name list from /proc/scsi/sg/devices, you can verify the existence through code. For example, install sg3-utils, and use sg_inq to query whether the disk is active.
Given that I have the following output :
Loopback1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is Loopback
Description: ** NA4-ISIS-MGMT-LOOPBACK1_MPLS **
Internet address is 84.116.226.27/32
MTU 1514 bytes, BW 8000000 Kbit, DLY 5000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation LOOPBACK, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 12w3d, output never, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/0 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
6 packets output, 456 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
How can I match "Loopback1" and not "Loopback" ?
In other words, how can I match the interface name only if there is a number next to it, in Tcl ?
use lookahead
Loopback(?=\d+)
It matches only Loopback in Loopback followed by any number of digits. If you want to match loopback and the number, useLoopback\d+
I have a Fortran code which reads a txt file with seperate lines of characters and digits and then write them in a 1D array with 20 elements.
This code is not compatible with Fortran 77 compiler Force 2.0.9. My question is that how we can apply the aformenetioned procedure using a Fortran 77 compiler;i.e defining a 1D array nd then write the txt file line by line into elements of the array?
Thank you in advance.
The txt file follows:
Case 1:
10 0 1 2 0
1.104 1.008 0.6 5.0
25 125.0 175.0 0.7 1000.0
0.60
1 5
Advanced Case
15 53 0 10 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1500.0 0 0 .03
0 0.001 0
0.1 0 0.125 0.08 0.46
0.1 5.0 0.04
# Jason:
I am a beginner and still learning Fortran. I guess Force 2 uses g77.
The followings are the correspond part of the original code. Force 2 editor returns an empty txt file as a result.
DIMENSION CARD(20)
CHARACTER*64 FILENAME
DATA XHEND / 4HEND /
OPEN(UNIT=3,FILE='CON')
OPEN(UNIT=4,FILE='CON')
OPEN(UNIT=7,STATUS='SCRATCH')
WRITE(3,9000) 'PLEASE ENTER THE INPUT FILE NAME : '
9000 FORMAT (A)
READ(4,9000) FILENAME
OPEN(UNIT=5,FILE=FILENAME,STATUS='OLD')
WRITE(3,9000) 'PLEASE ENTER THE OUTPUT FILE NAME : '
READ(4,9000) FILENAME
OPEN(UNIT=6,FILE=FILENAME,STATUS='NEW')
FILENAME = '...'
IR = 7
IW = 6
IP = 15
5 REWIND IR
I = 0
2 READ (5,7204,END=10000) CARD
IF (I .EQ. 0 ) WRITE (IW,7000)
7000 FORMAT (1H1 / 10X,15HINPUT DECK ECHO / 10X,15(1H-))
I= I + 1
WRITE (IW,9204) I,CARD
IF (CARD(1) .EQ. XHEND ) GO TO 7020
WRITE (IR,7204) CARD
7204 FORMAT (20A4)
9204 FORMAT (1X,I4,2X,20A4)
GO TO 2
7020 REWIND IR
It looks that CARD is being used as a to hold 20 4-character strings. I don't see the declaration as a character variable, only as an array, so perhaps in extremely old FORTRAN style a non-character variable is being used to hold characters? You are using a 20A4 format, so the values have to be positioned in the file precisely as 20 groups of 4 characters. You have to add blanks so that they are aligned into groups of 4 columns.
If you want to read numbers it would be much easier to read them into a numeric type and use list-directed IO:
real values (20)
read (5, *) values
Then you wouldn't have to worry about precision positioning of the values in the file.
This is really archaic FORTRAN ... even pre-FORTRAN-77 in style. I can't remember the last time that I saw Hollerith (H) formats! Where are you learning this from?
Edit: While I like Fortran for many programming tasks, I wouldn't use FORTRAN 66! Computers are supposed to make things easier ... there is no reason to have to count characters. Instead of
7000 FORMAT (1H1 / 10X,15HINPUT DECK ECHO / 10X,15(1H-))
You can use
7000 FORMAT ( / 10X, "INPUT DECK ECHO" / 10X, 15("-") )
I can think of only two reasons to use a Hollerith code: not bothering to change legacy source code (it is remarkable that a current Fortran compiler can process a feature that was obsolete 30 years ago! Fortran source code never dies!), or studying the history of computing languages. The name honors a great computing pioneer, whose invention accomplished the 1890 US Census in one year, when the 1880 Census took eight years: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Hollerith
I much doubt that you will see the "1" in the first column performing "carriage control" today. I had to look up that "1" was the code for page eject. You are much more likely to see it in your output. See Are Fortran control characters (carriage control) still implemented in compilers?