I want to compile a simple server app using nghtt2_asio in C++.
It compiles perfectly under shared libraries:
g++ server.cpp -O2 -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -lnghttp2_asio -lboost_system -lssl -lcrypto -o server
But as I compile it statically:
g++ server.cpp -static -O2 -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -o server -lssl -ldl -pthread -lcrypto -ldl -pthread -lnghttp2_asio -lboost_system
the linker gives me these errors:
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(dso_dlfcn.o): in function `dlfcn_globallookup':
(.text+0x14): attenzione: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(b_addr.o): in function `BIO_lookup_ex':
(.text+0xd0b): attenzione: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libcrypto.a(b_sock.o): in function `BIO_gethostbyname':
(.text+0x72): attenzione: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_common.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::nghttp2_category_impl::message[abi:cxx11](int) const':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_common.cc:40: undefined reference to `nghttp2_strerror'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server.o): in function `int nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::on_read<8192ul>(boost::array<unsigned char, 8192ul> const&, unsigned long)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.h:103: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_mem_recv'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server.o): in function `boost::asio::ssl::detail::engine::engine(ssl_ctx_st*)':
/usr/include/boost/asio/ssl/detail/impl/engine.ipp:55: undefined reference to `BIO_new_bio_pair'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server.o): in function `int nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::on_write<65536ul>(boost::array<unsigned char, 65536ul>&, unsigned long&)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.h:129: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_mem_send'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server.o): in function `int nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::on_read<8192ul>(boost::array<unsigned char, 8192ul> const&, unsigned long)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.h:103: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_mem_recv'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server.o): in function `int nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::on_write<65536ul>(boost::array<unsigned char, 65536ul>&, unsigned long&)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.h:129: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_mem_send'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server.o): in function `int nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::on_read<8192ul>(boost::array<unsigned char, 8192ul> const&, unsigned long)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.h:103: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_mem_recv'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::(anonymous namespace)::on_frame_not_send_callback(nghttp2_session*, nghttp2_frame const*, int, void*)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:230: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_rst_stream'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::~http2_handler()':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:258: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_del'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::start()':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:274: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_new'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `std::_Bind<void (*(nghttp2_session_callbacks*))(nghttp2_session_callbacks*)>::_Bind(std::_Bind<void (*(nghttp2_session_callbacks*))(nghttp2_session_callbacks*)>&&)':
/usr/include/c++/11.1.0/functional:494: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_del'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::start()':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:281: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_begin_headers_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:283: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_header_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:285: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_recv_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:287: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_data_chunk_recv_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:289: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_stream_close_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:291: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_send_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:293: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_not_send_callback'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:296: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_server_new'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:302: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_settings'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::should_stop() const':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:333: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_want_read'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:334: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_want_write'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::stream_error(int, unsigned int)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:47: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_rst_stream'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::resume(nghttp2::asio_http2::server::stream&)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:428: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_resume_data'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::(anonymous namespace)::on_header_callback(nghttp2_session*, nghttp2_frame const*, unsigned char const*, unsigned long, unsigned char const*, unsigned long, unsigned char, void*)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:109: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_rst_stream'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::submit_trailer(nghttp2::asio_http2::server::stream&, std::multimap<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, nghttp2::asio_http2::header_value, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, nghttp2::asio_http2::header_value> > >)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:387: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_trailer'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::start_response(nghttp2::asio_http2::server::stream&)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:366: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_response'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-asio_server_http2_handler.o): in function `nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2_handler::push_promise(boost::system::error_code&, nghttp2::asio_http2::server::stream&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::multimap<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, nghttp2::asio_http2::header_value, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, nghttp2::asio_http2::header_value> > >)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/asio_server_http2_handler.cc:454: undefined reference to `nghttp2_submit_push_promise'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-http2.o): in function `nghttp2::http2::determine_window_update_transmission(nghttp2_session*, int)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/http2.cc:577: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_get_effective_recv_data_length'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/http2.cc:578: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_get_effective_local_window_size'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/http2.cc:580: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_get_stream_effective_recv_data_length'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/http2.cc:582: undefined reference to `nghttp2_session_get_stream_effective_local_window_size'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libnghttp2_asio.a(libnghttp2_asio_la-http2.o): in function `nghttp2::http2::check_nv(unsigned char const*, unsigned long, unsigned char const*, unsigned long)':
/home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/http2.cc:698: undefined reference to `nghttp2_check_header_name'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/user/Downloads/nghttp2/src/http2.cc:701: undefined reference to `nghttp2_check_header_value'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Can someone explain me what happens?
Can someone explain me what happens?
There are several problems here.
You have unresolved symbols. As n.m. said in a comment, you need to add -libnghttp2.
Your order of libraries on the link line is wrong. Lower-level libraries should follow higher-level libraries on the link line. The right order is something like:
-lnghttp2_asio -libnghttp2 -lboost_system -lssl -lcrypto -ldl
See this blog post for explanation.
You are linking a fully-static binary.
Contrary to popular belief, such binaries (at least on Linux) are significantly less portable than dynamically linked ones.
What the warning is telling you is that IF you try to run this binary on a system that has a different version of GLIBC installed (could be a different system from the one you built on, or even the same system but after an upgrade to a different version of GLIBC), then your binary may crash (and very likely will crash).
You will be much better off not doing a fully-static link.
Note: you don't have to link against libnghttp2_asio etc. dynamically, just against the libc and libdl and libcrypto.
Related
After looking ant trying all links on the web i just can't figure what is wrong.
g++ version :
g++ (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0
This is my compilation line :
/usr/bin/g++ -fdiagnostics-color=always -Wall -std=c++11 -DSTATIC_CONCPP -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/mysqlx/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/common/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/boost/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf -g /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql_conn_app/main.cpp /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a -lssl -lcrypto -lpthread -lresolv -o /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql_conn_app/main.exe
This is the error:
/tmp/ccUnnhKN.o: In function `mysqlx::abi2::r0::string::traits<char>::from_str(mysqlx::abi2::r0::string&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)':
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/mysqlx/devapi/common.h:220: undefined reference to `mysqlx::abi2::r0::string::Impl::from_utf8(mysqlx::abi2::r0::string&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
/tmp/ccUnnhKN.o: In function `mysqlx::abi2::r0::string::traits<char>::to_str[abi:cxx11](mysqlx::abi2::r0::string const&)':
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/mysqlx/devapi/common.h:225: undefined reference to `mysqlx::abi2::r0::string::Impl::to_utf8[abi:cxx11](mysqlx::abi2::r0::string const&)'
/tmp/ccUnnhKN.o: In function `mysqlx::abi2::r0::SessionSettings::SessionSettings(mysqlx::abi2::r0::string const&)':
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/mysqlx/devapi/settings.h:526: undefined reference to `mysqlx::abi2::r0::common::Settings_impl::set_from_uri(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::log_handler_init()':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protocol.cc:131: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::SetLogHandler(void (*)(google::protobuf::LogLevel, char const*, int, std::string const&))'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Protocol_server::snd_Ok(cdk::foundation::string const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx.pb.h:947: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Protocol_server::snd_Error(unsigned short, cdk::foundation::string
....
what is wrong here ?
also when adding "-D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0" as suggested here:
still not working
/usr/bin/g++ -fdiagnostics-color=always -Wall -std=c++11 -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 -DSTATIC_CONCPP -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/mysqlx/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/common/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/boost/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf -g /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql_conn_app/main.cpp /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a -lssl -lcrypto -lpthread -lresolv -o /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql_conn_app/main.exe
gives :
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::log_handler_init()':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protocol.cc:131: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::SetLogHandler(void (*)(google::protobuf::LogLevel, char const*, int, std::string const&))'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Protocol_server::snd_Ok(cdk::foundation::string const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx.pb.h:947: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Protocol_server::snd_Error(unsigned short, cdk::foundation::string const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx.pb.h:1146: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Expr_builder_base::set_call(cdk::protocol::mysqlx::api::Db_obj const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx_expr.pb.h:2562: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
adding protobuf + -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 same error:
/usr/bin/g++ -fdiagnostics-color=always -Wall -std=c++11 -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 -DSTATIC_CONCPP -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/include/mysqlx/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/common/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/boost/ -I/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf -g /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql_conn_app/main.cpp /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/protobuf-3.19.4/cmake/libprotobufd.a /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/protobuf-3.19.4/cmake/libprotobuf-lited.a /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/protobuf-3.19.4/cmake/libprotocd.a -lssl -lcrypto -lpthread -lresolv -o /home/vagrant/cpp/mysql_conn_app/main.exe
gives :
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::log_handler_init()':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protocol.cc:131: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::SetLogHandler(void (*)(google::protobuf::LogLevel, char const*, int, std::string const&))'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Protocol_server::snd_Ok(cdk::foundation::string const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx.pb.h:947: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Protocol_server::snd_Error(unsigned short, cdk::foundation::string const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx.pb.h:1146: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Expr_builder_base::set_call(cdk::protocol::mysqlx::api::Db_obj const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx_expr.pb.h:2562: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx_expr.pb.h:2631: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `cdk::protocol::mysqlx::Expr_builder_base::var(cdk::foundation::string const&)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx_expr.pb.h:2013: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o):./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/protobuf/mysqlx_expr.pb.h:2874: more undefined references to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string&&, google::protobuf::Arena*)' follow
/home/vagrant/cpp/mysql-connector-cpp/build/libmysqlcppconn8-static.a(libcdk_proto_mysqlx_protocol.cc.o): In function `void google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set<google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault>(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, char const*, google::protobuf::Arena*)':
./build/cdk/protocol/mysqlx/./cdk/extra/protobuf/protobuf-3.19.4/src/google/protobuf/arenastring.h:200: undefined reference to `google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::Set(google::protobuf::internal::ArenaStringPtr::EmptyDefault, std::string const&, google::protobuf::Arena*)'
This question already has an answer here:
Linking issue with GCC 4.6.1
(1 answer)
Closed 1 year ago.
I wanted to build a gtest project on linux using just a makefile, ie not using cmake. I followed along the tutorial here:
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/Cpp-GoogleTest.html
But getting multiple definition of main errors - see below.
I am on ubuntu v20.04
angus#angus-VirtualBox:~/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src$ uname -a
Linux angus-VirtualBox 5.11.0-38-generic #42~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 28 20:41:07 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
I installed gtest like this:
git clone https://github.com/google/googletest.git
mkdir build
cd build
sudo snap install cmake --classic
cmake .. -DBUILD_GMOCK=OFF
make
sudo make install
If I now look on my system I have
/usr/local/include - with gtest directory with header files
/usr/local/lib - contains libgtest.a and libgtest_main.a
I modified the Makefile in the example to be like this:
CXX = g++
CXXFLAGS = -g -L/usr/local/lib -lgtest -lgtest_main -lpthread
INCS = -I./ -I../../src -I/usr/local/include
OBJS = ../../src/Addition.o Addition_Test.o ../../src/Multiply.o Multiply_Test.o
testAll: $(OBJS)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCS) -o testAll Main_TestAll.cpp $(OBJS)
.cpp.o:
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $# $(INCS)
clean:
rm testAll *.o testAll.xml
I also had to tidy up the code sample - eg where in code has Addition.h - have to change to Addition.hpp which is the filename.
The build error below. How to fix this?
I did try by removing -lgtest_main from the Makefile, but then get error:
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Main_TestAll.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testing::InitGoogleTest(int*, char**)'
build error:
angus#angus-VirtualBox:~/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src$ make
g++ -g -L/usr/local/lib -lgtest -lgtest_main -lpthread -c Multiply_Test.cpp -o Multiply_Test.o -I./ -I../../src -I/usr/local/include
g++ -g -L/usr/local/lib -lgtest -lgtest_main -lpthread -I./ -I../../src -I/usr/local/include -o testAll Main_TestAll.cpp ../../src/Addition.o Addition_Test.o ../../src/Multiply.o Multiply_Test.o
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/cc4xkhF1.o: in function `RUN_ALL_TESTS()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Main_TestAll.cpp:4: multiple definition of `main'; /usr/local/lib/libgtest_main.a(gtest_main.cc.o):gtest_main.cc:(.text+0x0): first defined here
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgtest_main.a(gtest_main.cc.o): in function `main':
gtest_main.cc:(.text+0x3a): undefined reference to `testing::InitGoogleTest(int*, char**)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libgtest_main.a(gtest_main.cc.o): in function `RUN_ALL_TESTS()':
gtest_main.cc:(.text._Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv[_Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv]+0x9): undefined reference to `testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()'
/usr/bin/ld: gtest_main.cc:(.text._Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv[_Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv]+0x11): undefined reference to `testing::UnitTest::Run()'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/cc4xkhF1.o: in function `main':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Main_TestAll.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testing::InitGoogleTest(int*, char**)'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `AdditionTest_twoValues_Test::TestBody()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:20: undefined reference to `testing::Message::Message()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:20: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::AssertHelper(testing::TestPartResult::Type, char const*, int, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:20: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::operator=(testing::Message const&) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:20: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:21: undefined reference to `testing::Message::Message()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:21: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::AssertHelper(testing::TestPartResult::Type, char const*, int, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:21: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::operator=(testing::Message const&) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:21: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:20: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:21: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:16: undefined reference to `testing::internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(char const*, char const*, char const*, char const*, testing::internal::CodeLocation, void const*, void (*)(), void (*)(), testing::internal::TestFactoryBase*)'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `testing::internal::SuiteApiResolver<AdditionTest>::GetSetUpCaseOrSuite(char const*, int)':
/usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::IsTrue(bool)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::GTestLog(testing::internal::GTestLogSeverity, char const*, int)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `testing::internal::SuiteApiResolver<AdditionTest>::GetTearDownCaseOrSuite(char const*, int)':
/usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::IsTrue(bool)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::GTestLog(testing::internal::GTestLogSeverity, char const*, int)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `testing::AssertionResult testing::internal::CmpHelperEQ<int, int>(char const*, char const*, int const&, int const&)':
/usr/local/include/gtest/gtest.h:1549: undefined reference to `testing::AssertionSuccess()'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `testing::AssertionResult testing::internal::CmpHelperEQFailure<int, int>(char const*, char const*, int const&, int const&)':
/usr/local/include/gtest/gtest.h:1532: undefined reference to `testing::internal::EqFailure(char const*, char const*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, bool)'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `AdditionTest::~AdditionTest()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testing::Test::~Test()'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTI12AdditionTest[_ZTI12AdditionTest]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for testing::Test'
/usr/bin/ld: Addition_Test.o: in function `AdditionTest::AdditionTest()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Addition_Test.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testing::Test::Test()'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o: in function `MultiplyTest_twoValues_Test::TestBody()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:18: undefined reference to `testing::Message::Message()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:18: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::AssertHelper(testing::TestPartResult::Type, char const*, int, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:18: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::operator=(testing::Message const&) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:18: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:19: undefined reference to `testing::Message::Message()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:19: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::AssertHelper(testing::TestPartResult::Type, char const*, int, char const*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:19: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::operator=(testing::Message const&) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:19: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:18: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:19: undefined reference to `testing::internal::AssertHelper::~AssertHelper()'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o: in function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:14: undefined reference to `testing::internal::MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(char const*, char const*, char const*, char const*, testing::internal::CodeLocation, void const*, void (*)(), void (*)(), testing::internal::TestFactoryBase*)'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o: in function `testing::internal::SuiteApiResolver<MultiplyTest>::GetSetUpCaseOrSuite(char const*, int)':
/usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::IsTrue(bool)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::GTestLog(testing::internal::GTestLogSeverity, char const*, int)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:527: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o: in function `testing::internal::SuiteApiResolver<MultiplyTest>::GetTearDownCaseOrSuite(char const*, int)':
/usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::IsTrue(bool)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::GTestLog(testing::internal::GTestLogSeverity, char const*, int)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h:548: undefined reference to `testing::internal::GTestLog::~GTestLog()'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o: in function `MultiplyTest::~MultiplyTest()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testing::Test::~Test()'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTI12MultiplyTest[_ZTI12MultiplyTest]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for testing::Test'
/usr/bin/ld: Multiply_Test.o: in function `MultiplyTest::MultiplyTest()':
/home/angus/Documents/code/gtest_make_only/test/src/Multiply_Test.cpp:5: undefined reference to `testing::Test::Test()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:7: testAll] Error 1
Your command lines are all wrong.
Library specification should follow sources and object files. Correct line should look like this:
g++ -g -I./ -I../../src -o testAll Main_TestAll.cpp ../../src/Addition.o Addition_Test.o ../../src/Multiply.o Multiply_Test.o -lgtest_main -lgtest -lpthread
See this blog post for explanation.
My code was working fine on windows, now that I am trying to compile on ubuntu 20.4; I am getting this error; I am copying part of the error as there are a lot:
after runing : mpicc C.cpp -o C
usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xb8): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_capacity(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xc4): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_data() const'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xda): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_S_copy_chars(char*, char*, char*)'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xed): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_set_length(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x10b): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x117): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_dispose()'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x11c): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x128): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::deallocate(int*, unsigned long)':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE10deallocateEPim[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE10deallocateEPim]+0x20): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv]+0x30): undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_alloc()'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv]+0x40): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN3MPI3WinE[_ZTVN3MPI3WinE]+0x48): undefined reference to `MPI::Win::Free()'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `MPI::Intercomm::~Intercomm()':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN3MPI9IntercommD0Ev[_ZN3MPI9IntercommD5Ev]+0x29): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `MPI::Graphcomm::~Graphcomm()':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN3MPI9GraphcommD0Ev[_ZN3MPI9GraphcommD5Ev]+0x29): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `MPI::Cartcomm::~Cartcomm()':
when I check mpirun --version: I get this : mpirun (Open MPI) 4.0.3
This error:
usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xb8): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_capacity(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xc4): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_data() const'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xda): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_S_copy_chars(char*, char*, char*)'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0xed): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_set_length(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x10b): undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x117): undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_dispose()'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x11c): undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag[_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag]+0x128): undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::deallocate(int*, unsigned long)':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE10deallocateEPim[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE10deallocateEPim]+0x20): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*)':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv]+0x30): undefined reference to `std::__throw_bad_alloc()'
/usr/bin/ld: C.cpp:(.text._ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv[_ZN9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8allocateEmPKv]+0x40): undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN3MPI3WinE[_ZTVN3MPI3WinE]+0x48): undefined reference to `MPI::Win::Free()'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `MPI::Intercomm::~Intercomm()':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN3MPI9IntercommD0Ev[_ZN3MPI9IntercommD5Ev]+0x29): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `MPI::Graphcomm::~Graphcomm()':
C.cpp:(.text._ZN3MPI9GraphcommD0Ev[_ZN3MPI9GraphcommD5Ev]+0x29): undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long)'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccNx3sbm.o: in function `MPI::Cartcomm::~Cartcomm()':
Because you are compiling with mpicc:
Compiles and links MPI programs written in C
but you should be using in this case mpic++
mpic++ -- Open MPI C++ wrapper compiler
I have downloaded and installed this C++ package for plotting and visulisation https://github.com/alandefreitas/matplotplusplus. I have sussessfully linked to it in my CMake file and have no linking errors when including #include <matplot/matplot.h>. However, whenever I use any functions from the library matplot.h I get the following error at compilation.
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>::_cimg_jpeg_error_exit(jpeg_common_struct*)':
common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE21_cimg_jpeg_error_exitEP18jpeg_common_struct[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE21_cimg_jpeg_error_exitEP18jpeg_common_struct]+0x1e): undefined reference to `jpeg_destroy'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>::_save_jpeg(_IO_FILE*, char const*, unsigned int) const':
common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x12b): undefined reference to `jpeg_std_error'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x152): undefined reference to `jpeg_CreateCompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x16d): undefined reference to `jpeg_stdio_dest'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x198): undefined reference to `jpeg_set_defaults'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x1b2): undefined reference to `jpeg_set_quality'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x1c6): undefined reference to `jpeg_start_compress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x2cf): undefined reference to `jpeg_write_scanlines'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x2ed): undefined reference to `jpeg_finish_compress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_save_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x302): undefined reference to `jpeg_destroy_compress'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>::_save_png(_IO_FILE*, char const*, unsigned int) const':
common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x2f4): undefined reference to `png_create_write_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x309): undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x32b): undefined reference to `png_set_longjmp_fn'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x34f): undefined reference to `png_destroy_write_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x409): undefined reference to `png_init_io'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x474): undefined reference to `png_set_IHDR'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x485): undefined reference to `png_write_info'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0xc36): undefined reference to `png_write_image'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0xc43): undefined reference to `png_write_end'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0xc50): undefined reference to `png_destroy_write_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_save_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcj]+0x1830): undefined reference to `png_destroy_write_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>::save_cimg(char const*, bool) const':
common.cpp:(.text._ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9save_cimgEPKcb[_ZNK12cimg_library4CImgIhE9save_cimgEPKcb]+0x3bb): undefined reference to `compress'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>::_load_png(_IO_FILE*, char const*, unsigned int*)':
common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x88): undefined reference to `png_sig_cmp'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0xa2): undefined reference to `png_create_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0xb7): undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0xcd): undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0xef): undefined reference to `png_set_longjmp_fn'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x14a): undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x1c9): undefined reference to `png_init_io'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x1d7): undefined reference to `png_set_sig_bytes'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x1e4): undefined reference to `png_read_info'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x20e): undefined reference to `png_get_IHDR'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x252): undefined reference to `png_get_valid'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x280): undefined reference to `png_set_filler'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x28d): undefined reference to `png_read_update_info'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x2c2): undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x369): undefined reference to `png_set_expand_gray_1_2_4_to_8'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x389): undefined reference to `png_set_gray_to_rgb'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x3a9): undefined reference to `png_set_tRNS_to_alpha'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x41f): undefined reference to `png_read_image'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x42c): undefined reference to `png_read_end'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x461): undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x4f1): undefined reference to `png_set_palette_to_rgb'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x683): undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x84a): undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE9_load_pngEP8_IO_FILEPKcPj]+0x9d3): undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImgList<unsigned char>::_load_cimg(_IO_FILE*, char const*)':
common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x404): undefined reference to `uncompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x70c): undefined reference to `uncompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x93b): undefined reference to `uncompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0xce5): undefined reference to `uncompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x10f7): undefined reference to `uncompress'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o):common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library8CImgListIhE10_load_cimgEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x1506): more undefined references to `uncompress' follow
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(common.cpp.o): in function `cimg_library::CImg<unsigned char>::_load_jpeg(_IO_FILE*, char const*)':
common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x67): undefined reference to `jpeg_std_error'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0xb3): undefined reference to `jpeg_CreateDecompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0xc5): undefined reference to `jpeg_stdio_src'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0xd2): undefined reference to `jpeg_read_header'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0xda): undefined reference to `jpeg_start_decompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x1f8): undefined reference to `jpeg_read_scanlines'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x278): undefined reference to `jpeg_finish_decompress'
/usr/bin/ld: common.cpp:(.text._ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc[_ZN12cimg_library4CImgIhE10_load_jpegEP8_IO_FILEPKc]+0x284): undefined reference to `jpeg_destroy_decompress'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(network.cpp.o): in function `matplot::network::process_force_layout()':
network.cpp:(.text+0x304e): undefined reference to `nodesoup::size_radiuses(std::vector<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> >, std::allocator<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> > > > const&, double, double)'
/usr/bin/ld: network.cpp:(.text+0x312a): undefined reference to `nodesoup::fruchterman_reingold(std::vector<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> >, std::allocator<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> > > > const&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned int, double, std::function<void (std::vector<nodesoup::Point2D, std::allocator<nodesoup::Point2D> > const&, int)>)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libmatplot.a(network.cpp.o): in function `matplot::network::process_kawai_layout()':
network.cpp:(.text+0x3842): undefined reference to `nodesoup::size_radiuses(std::vector<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> >, std::allocator<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> > > > const&, double, double)'
/usr/bin/ld: network.cpp:(.text+0x390c): undefined reference to `nodesoup::kamada_kawai(std::vector<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> >, std::allocator<std::vector<unsigned long, std::allocator<unsigned long> > > > const&, unsigned int, unsigned int, double, double)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/example.dir/build.make:84: example] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:76: CMakeFiles/example.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:84: all] Error 2
The errors are plenty, but they are all of the form undefined reference to png_... or undefined reference to jpeg_... except for those that are undefined reference to 'uncompress'. It seems as though CMake is not finding png and jpeg. I definitely do have libjpeg and libpng installed. Why are these errors ocurring? Do I need to add lines to my CMakeLists.txt to find jpeg and png? I am running Ubuntu 20.04, g++ 9.3.0, and cmake 3.16.3.
Here is a very simple example that prodces the error. This is the cmake file
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(example)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "c++")
find_package(Matplot++)
add_executable(example example.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example PUBLIC matplot)
Here is an example c++ code (pulled directly from the examples on the linked site).
#include <cmath>
#include <matplot/matplot.h>
int main() {
using namespace matplot;
std::vector<double> x = linspace(0, 10, 150);
std::vector<double> y = transform(x, [](auto x) { return cos(5 * x); });
plot(x, y)->color({0, 0.7, 0.9});
title("2-D Line Plot");
xlabel("x");
ylabel("cos(5x)");
show();
return 0;
}
I had the same problem (with Windows MinGW). Thanks to #drescherjm hint (add the option -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON), these are the steps I used to solve the problem:
git clone http://github.com/alandefreitas/matplotplusplus
cd matplotplusplus/
mkdir compil-release && cd compil-release
rm CMakeCache.txt # if already exists
cmake .. -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="${YOUR_LIB_PATH}/matplot1.0.1"
make -j4 && make install
Then, and I guess that is a bug, I had to manually copy the .dll to the install path
cp source/matplot/libmatplot.dll ${YOUR_LIB_PATH}/matplot1.0.1/lib/
Hope this works for you.
I've just installed Poco on Ubuntu (by compiling from the code on the git master branch at release 1.9.0). And now I'm trying to compile my HelloWorld.cpp.
This is what I've tried:
g++ -L/usr/local/lib -lPocoFoundation -lPocoUtil -lPocoNet -lPocoNetd -lPocoData -lPocoXML ./helloworld.cpp
This is the helloworld.cpp content:
#include "Poco/Net/HTTPServer.h"
#include "Poco/Net/HTTPRequestHandler.h"
#include "Poco/Net/HTTPRequestHandlerFactory.h"
#include "Poco/Net/HTTPServerRequest.h"
#include "Poco/Net/HTTPServerResponse.h"
#include "Poco/Net/ServerSocket.h"
#include "Poco/Util/ServerApplication.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace Poco;
using namespace Poco::Net;
using namespace Poco::Util;
class HelloRequestHandler: public HTTPRequestHandler
{
void handleRequest(HTTPServerRequest& request, HTTPServerResponse& response)
{
Application& app = Application::instance();
app.logger().information("Request from %s", request.clientAddress().toString());
response.setChunkedTransferEncoding(true);
response.setContentType("text/html");
response.send()
<< "<html>"
<< "<head><title>Hello</title></head>"
<< "<body><h1>Hello from the POCO Web Server</h1></body>"
<< "</html>";
}
};
class HelloRequestHandlerFactory: public HTTPRequestHandlerFactory
{
HTTPRequestHandler* createRequestHandler(const HTTPServerRequest&)
{
return new HelloRequestHandler;
}
};
class WebServerApp: public ServerApplication
{
void initialize(Application& self)
{
loadConfiguration();
ServerApplication::initialize(self);
}
int main(const std::vector<std::string>&)
{
UInt16 port = static_cast<UInt16>(config().getUInt("port", 8080));
HTTPServer srv(new HelloRequestHandlerFactory, port);
srv.start();
logger().information("HTTP Server started on port %hu.", port);
waitForTerminationRequest();
logger().information("Stopping HTTP Server...");
srv.stop();
return Application::EXIT_OK;
}
};
POCO_SERVER_MAIN(WebServerApp)
I expect by keeping adding the libraries I link in the g++ command line it should eventually allow me to compile the program.
But it seems no matter how many libraries I tried to link I'm still getting the following errors (without eliminating any of the errors with how many libraries I add on the way):
kennyyu#kennyyu-ubuntu:~/poco/myexample$ g++ -L/usr/local/lib -lPocoFoundation -lPocoUtil -lPocoNet -lPocoNetd -lPocoData -lPocoXML ./helloworld.cpp
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `main':
helloworld.cpp:(.text+0x53): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::ServerApplication::run(int, char**)'
helloworld.cpp:(.text+0xd1): undefined reference to `Poco::Exception::displayText[abi:cxx11]() const'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Net::Impl::IPv4SocketAddressImpl::host() const':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZNK4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImpl4hostEv[_ZNK4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImpl4hostEv]+0x28): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::IPAddress::IPAddress(void const*, unsigned int)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Net::Impl::IPv6SocketAddressImpl::host() const':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZNK4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImpl4hostEv[_ZNK4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImpl4hostEv]+0x2e): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::IPAddress::IPAddress(void const*, unsigned int, unsigned int)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::ReferenceCounter::ReferenceCounter()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco16ReferenceCounterC2Ev[_ZN4Poco16ReferenceCounterC5Ev]+0x19): undefined reference to `Poco::AtomicCounter::AtomicCounter(int)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Logger::log(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, Poco::Message::Priority)':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco6Logger3logERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEENS_7Message8PriorityE[_ZN4Poco6Logger3logERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEENS_7Message8PriorityE]+0xa0): undefined reference to `Poco::Message::Message(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, Poco::Message::Priority)'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco6Logger3logERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEENS_7Message8PriorityE[_ZN4Poco6Logger3logERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEENS_7Message8PriorityE]+0xbe): undefined reference to `Poco::Message::~Message()'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco6Logger3logERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEENS_7Message8PriorityE[_ZN4Poco6Logger3logERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEENS_7Message8PriorityE]+0xd2): undefined reference to `Poco::Message::~Message()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Logger::information(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, Poco::Any const&)':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco6Logger11informationERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEERKNS_3AnyE[_ZN4Poco6Logger11informationERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEERKNS_3AnyE]+0x37): undefined reference to `Poco::format(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, Poco::Any const&)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Util::Application::logger() const':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZNK4Poco4Util11Application6loggerEv[_ZNK4Poco4Util11Application6loggerEv]+0x30): undefined reference to `Poco::Bugcheck::nullPointer(char const*, char const*, int)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Util::Application::instance()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco4Util11Application8instanceEv[_ZN4Poco4Util11Application8instanceEv]+0x7): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::_pInstance'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco4Util11Application8instanceEv[_ZN4Poco4Util11Application8instanceEv]+0x24): undefined reference to `Poco::Bugcheck::nullPointer(char const*, char const*, int)'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco4Util11Application8instanceEv[_ZN4Poco4Util11Application8instanceEv]+0x2b): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::_pInstance'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `HelloRequestHandler::handleRequest(Poco::Net::HTTPServerRequest&, Poco::Net::HTTPServerResponse&)':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN19HelloRequestHandler13handleRequestERN4Poco3Net17HTTPServerRequestERNS1_18HTTPServerResponseE[_ZN19HelloRequestHandler13handleRequestERN4Poco3Net17HTTPServerRequestERNS1_18HTTPServerResponseE]+0x73): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::SocketAddress::toString[abi:cxx11]() const'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN19HelloRequestHandler13handleRequestERN4Poco3Net17HTTPServerRequestERNS1_18HTTPServerResponseE[_ZN19HelloRequestHandler13handleRequestERN4Poco3Net17HTTPServerRequestERNS1_18HTTPServerResponseE]+0x100): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPMessage::setChunkedTransferEncoding(bool)'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN19HelloRequestHandler13handleRequestERN4Poco3Net17HTTPServerRequestERNS1_18HTTPServerResponseE[_ZN19HelloRequestHandler13handleRequestERN4Poco3Net17HTTPServerRequestERNS1_18HTTPServerResponseE]+0x139): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPMessage::setContentType(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `HelloRequestHandler::HelloRequestHandler()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN19HelloRequestHandlerC2Ev[_ZN19HelloRequestHandlerC5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandler::HTTPRequestHandler()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `WebServerApp::initialize(Poco::Util::Application&)':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp10initializeERN4Poco4Util11ApplicationE[_ZN12WebServerApp10initializeERN4Poco4Util11ApplicationE]+0x1d): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::loadConfiguration(int)'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp10initializeERN4Poco4Util11ApplicationE[_ZN12WebServerApp10initializeERN4Poco4Util11ApplicationE]+0x30): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::initialize(Poco::Util::Application&)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `HelloRequestHandlerFactory::HelloRequestHandlerFactory()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN26HelloRequestHandlerFactoryC2Ev[_ZN26HelloRequestHandlerFactoryC5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandlerFactory::HTTPRequestHandlerFactory()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `WebServerApp::main(std::vector<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&)':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x7c): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::AbstractConfiguration::getUInt(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned int) const'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0xb6): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPServerParams::HTTPServerParams()'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x11d): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPServer::HTTPServer(Poco::SharedPtr<Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandlerFactory, Poco::ReferenceCounter, Poco::ReleasePolicy<Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandlerFactory> >, unsigned short, Poco::AutoPtr<Poco::Net::HTTPServerParams>)'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x14a): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::TCPServer::start()'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x1f6): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::ServerApplication::waitForTerminationRequest()'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x273): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::TCPServer::stop()'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x287): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPServer::~HTTPServer()'
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE[_ZN12WebServerApp4mainERKSt6vectorINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEESaIS6_EE]+0x3a4): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPServer::~HTTPServer()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `WebServerApp::WebServerApp()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerAppC2Ev[_ZN12WebServerAppC5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::ServerApplication::ServerApplication()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::ReferenceCounter::~ReferenceCounter()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco16ReferenceCounterD2Ev[_ZN4Poco16ReferenceCounterD5Ev]+0x14): undefined reference to `Poco::AtomicCounter::~AtomicCounter()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTV12WebServerApp[_ZTV12WebServerApp]+0x20): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::name() const'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTV12WebServerApp[_ZTV12WebServerApp]+0x30): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::uninitialize()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTV12WebServerApp[_ZTV12WebServerApp]+0x38): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::reinitialize(Poco::Util::Application&)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTV12WebServerApp[_ZTV12WebServerApp]+0x40): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::ServerApplication::defineOptions(Poco::Util::OptionSet&)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTV12WebServerApp[_ZTV12WebServerApp]+0x48): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::ServerApplication::run()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTV12WebServerApp[_ZTV12WebServerApp]+0x50): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::Application::handleOption(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `WebServerApp::~WebServerApp()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN12WebServerAppD2Ev[_ZN12WebServerAppD5Ev]+0x22): undefined reference to `Poco::Util::ServerApplication::~ServerApplication()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `HelloRequestHandlerFactory::~HelloRequestHandlerFactory()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN26HelloRequestHandlerFactoryD2Ev[_ZN26HelloRequestHandlerFactoryD5Ev]+0x22): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandlerFactory::~HTTPRequestHandlerFactory()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `HelloRequestHandler::~HelloRequestHandler()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN19HelloRequestHandlerD2Ev[_ZN19HelloRequestHandlerD5Ev]+0x22): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandler::~HTTPRequestHandler()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImplE[_ZTVN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImplE]+0x50): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::Impl::IPv6SocketAddressImpl::toString[abi:cxx11]() const'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Net::Impl::IPv6SocketAddressImpl::~IPv6SocketAddressImpl()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImplD2Ev[_ZN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImplD5Ev]+0x22): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::Impl::SocketAddressImpl::~SocketAddressImpl()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTVN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImplE[_ZTVN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImplE]+0x50): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::Impl::IPv4SocketAddressImpl::toString[abi:cxx11]() const'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o: In function `Poco::Net::Impl::IPv4SocketAddressImpl::~IPv4SocketAddressImpl()':
helloworld.cpp:(.text._ZN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImplD2Ev[_ZN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImplD5Ev]+0x22): undefined reference to `Poco::Net::Impl::SocketAddressImpl::~SocketAddressImpl()'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTI12WebServerApp[_ZTI12WebServerApp]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Poco::Util::ServerApplication'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTI26HelloRequestHandlerFactory[_ZTI26HelloRequestHandlerFactory]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandlerFactory'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTI19HelloRequestHandler[_ZTI19HelloRequestHandler]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Poco::Net::HTTPRequestHandler'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTIN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImplE[_ZTIN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv6SocketAddressImplE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Poco::Net::Impl::SocketAddressImpl'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.ro._ZTIN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImplE[_ZTIN4Poco3Net4Impl21IPv4SocketAddressImplE]+0x10): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Poco::Net::Impl::SocketAddressImpl'
/tmp/ccWTd1HS.o:(.data.rel.local.DW.ref._ZTIN4Poco9ExceptionE[DW.ref._ZTIN4Poco9ExceptionE]+0x0): undefined reference to `typeinfo for Poco::Exception'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
kennyyu#kennyyu-ubuntu:~/poco/myexample$
kennyyu#kennyyu-ubuntu:~/poco/myexample$ ls /usr/local/lib/libPoco*.so
/usr/local/lib/libPocoCppParserd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoDataMySQL.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoDataSQLited.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoFoundationd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoMongoDBd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoPDFd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoUtild.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoZipd.so
/usr/local/lib/libPocoCppParser.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoDataODBCd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoDataSQLite.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoFoundation.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoMongoDB.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoPDF.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoUtil.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoZip.so
/usr/local/lib/libPocoDatad.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoDataODBC.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoEncodingsd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoJSONd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoNetd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoRedisd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoXMLd.so
/usr/local/lib/libPocoDataMySQLd.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoData.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoEncodings.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoJSON.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoNet.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoRedis.so /usr/local/lib/libPocoXML.so
kennyyu#kennyyu-ubuntu:~/poco/myexample$
Can someone please shed me some light?
This worked for me in Ubuntu 19.10.
sudo apt install libpoco-dev
(All of the Poco libraries get installed with that.)
Create helloworld.cpp with contents from OP.
Compile with:
g++ helloworld.cpp -o helloworld.o -lPocoFoundation -lPocoNet -lPocoUtil
If that still doesn't work, you can include the location where the Poco .h files are with the -I option, and where the Poco .so files are with the -L option.
Find where the Poco .so files are located:
sudo find / -name "libPoco*.so" 2>/dev/null
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libPocoFoundation.so
...
sudo find / -name "ServerSocket.h" 2>/dev/null
/usr/include/Poco/Net/ServerSocket.h
The compile statement then becomes:
g++ -I/usr/include/Poco/ helloworld.cpp -o helloworld.o -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ -lPocoFoundation -lPocoNet -lPocoUtil