I was making a verification system for my dll. I am just trying different things.
I used this
bool allow = false;
std::string Name = "Name";
std::string Allowed[] = {"ye", "lol"};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(Allowed); i++)
{
if (Allowed[i] == Name)
{
allow = true;
}
}
But the for in the for loop is an error.
I don't know why but it says expected a decleration
Change sizeOf to sizeof
Declare allow
bool allow;
std::string Name = "Name";
std::string Allowed[] = {"ye", "lol"};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(Allowed); i++)
{
if (Allowed[i] == Name)
{
allow = true;
}
}
try this
bool allow;
string Name = "ye";
string Allowed[] = {"ye", "lol"};
int size = sizeof(Allowed)/sizeof(Allowed[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if (Allowed[i] == Name)
{
allow = true;
}
}
cout << allow;
return 0;
Related
This question already has answers here:
What is The Rule of Three?
(8 answers)
Rule-of-Three becomes Rule-of-Five with C++11? [closed]
(9 answers)
Is the Rule of 5 (for constructors and destructors) outdated?
(5 answers)
Closed 8 months ago.
So I created my own String class that's just supposed to make dealing with char arrays easier, but I found when passing it to a constructor for another class, Folder, I get a runtime error _CrtIsValidHeapPointer(block), which I understand to be an error with me deallocating dynamic memory.
But what I find super funky, is Microsoft Visual Studio will let me pass a string literal to the Folder constructor in place of a String object. Doing so only gives me the same error as before. As well, I only get the _CrtIsValidHeapPointer(block) error when passing a String to a Folder constructor. Creating a String on its own and accessing any of its variables / functions works perfectly fine.
Edit: All constructors declared have been instantiated in the below .cpp files, there is no hidden constructor that should be taking a const char*
main.cpp:
#include "main.h"
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
char someText[5] = "test";
String text(someText);
Folder folder(text, NULL);
cout << folder.getName().getChars();
}
String.cpp:
#include "String.h"
String::String(char* newChars)
{
chars = newChars;
while (chars[size - 1] != '\0')
size++;
chars = new char[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
chars[i] = newChars[i];
}
}
String::String(const char* newChars)
{
while (newChars[size - 1] != '\0')
size++;
chars = new char[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
chars[i] = newChars[i];
}
}
String::String()
{
chars = new char[1];
chars[0] = '\0';
}
String::~String()
{
delete[] chars;
}
void String::append(String newString)
{
int newSize = size + newString.size - 1;
char* newChars = new char[newSize];
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
{
newChars[i] = chars[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < newString.size; i++)
{
newChars[size - 1 + i] = newString.chars[i];
}
delete[] chars;
chars = newChars;
size = newSize;
return;
}
bool String::equals(String string2)
{
if (size != string2.size)
return false;
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if (chars[i] != string2.chars[i])
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
char* String::getChars()
{
return chars;
}
void String::setChars(char* newChars)
{
delete[] chars;
chars = newChars;
return;
}
void String::setChars(const char* newChars)
{
size = 1;
while (newChars[size - 1] != '\0')
size++;
delete[] chars;
chars = new char[size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
chars[i] = newChars[i];
}
return;
}
Folder.cpp:
#include "Folder.h"
Folder::Folder(String newName, Folder* newParent)
{
name = newName;
parent = newParent;
return;
}
Folder::Folder(Folder* newParent)
{
parent = newParent;
return;
}
String Folder::getName()
{
return name;
}
Folder* Folder::getParent()
{
return parent;
}
vector<Folder>* Folder::getChildren()
{
return &children;
}
void Folder::setName(String newName)
{
name = newName;
return;
}
void Folder::setParent(Folder* newParent)
{
parent = newParent;
}
I find myself in a difficult situation. I have a program which is supposed to delete any memory that is dynamically allocated, but whenever I try to call the relevant methods, it comes up with a memory heap corruption.
It seems to work when I don't call the methods, but then I've probably caused a ton of memory leaks. Would anyone have any idea what is going on?
The code is below:
CSVFile.h:
#pragma once
class InputPattern;
class OutputPattern;
class CSVFile
{
private:
const int NAME_MAX = 100;
char* name;
char** buffer;
bool loadedFlag;
int patternCount;
InputPattern** inputs;
OutputPattern** outputs;
void setLoadedFlagTrue();
void setLoadedFlagFalse();
public:
CSVFile();
~CSVFile();
CSVFile(const char*);
void setName(const char*);
char* getFilename(char*, int);
bool getLoadedFlag();
int loadFile();
InputPattern* getInputPattern(int);
OutputPattern* getOutputPattern(int);
void addInputPattern(InputPattern*);
void addOutputPattern(OutputPattern*);
void deleteInputPattern();
void deleteOutputPattern();
void printMetaData();
void printPatterns();
void deleteBuffer();
};
CSVFile.cpp:
#include "CSVFile.h"
#include "InputPattern.h"
#include "OutputPattern.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void CSVFile::setLoadedFlagTrue()
{
loadedFlag = true;
}
void CSVFile::setLoadedFlagFalse()
{
loadedFlag = false;
}
CSVFile::CSVFile()
{
name = NULL;
buffer = NULL;
inputs = NULL;
outputs = NULL;
patternCount = 0;
inputs = new InputPattern*[10];
outputs = new OutputPattern*[10];
buffer = new char*[4];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
inputs[i] = new InputPattern();
outputs[i] = new OutputPattern();
buffer[i] = new char[NAME_MAX];
}
}
CSVFile::~CSVFile()
{
delete name;
name = NULL;
}
CSVFile::CSVFile(const char * filename)
{
name = NULL;
buffer = NULL;
inputs = NULL;
outputs = NULL;
patternCount = 0;
inputs = new InputPattern*[10];
outputs = new OutputPattern*[10];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
inputs[i] = new InputPattern();
outputs[i] = new OutputPattern();
}
name = new char[NAME_MAX];
strcpy(name, filename);
}
void CSVFile::setName(const char * filename)
{
name = new char[NAME_MAX];
strcpy(name, filename);
}
char* CSVFile::getFilename(char * outBuff, int outBuffSize)
{
outBuff = new char[outBuffSize + 1];
strncpy(outBuff, name, outBuffSize);
return outBuff;
}
bool CSVFile::getLoadedFlag()
{
if (name == NULL)
{
setLoadedFlagFalse();
return loadedFlag;
}
if (patternCount == 10)
setLoadedFlagTrue();
else
setLoadedFlagFalse();
return loadedFlag;
}
int CSVFile::loadFile()
{
FILE* f;
if ((f = fopen(name, "r")) == NULL)
{
printf("File failed to open\n");
return 0;
}
for (patternCount = 0; patternCount < 4; patternCount++)
{
fgets(buffer[patternCount], 100, f);
}
patternCount = 0;
/*ask about input interaction; potentially remove these variables afterwards*/
float tIn, rIn, gIn, bIn, tOut, oOut;
/*might change this to make it more flexible*/
while (patternCount < 10)
{
fscanf(f, "%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f", &tIn, &rIn, &gIn, &bIn, &tOut, &oOut);
printf("%f,%f,%f,%f,%f,%f\n", tIn, rIn, gIn, bIn, tOut, oOut);
inputs[patternCount]->setT(tIn);
inputs[patternCount]->setR(rIn);
inputs[patternCount]->setG(gIn);
inputs[patternCount]->setB(bIn);
outputs[patternCount]->setT(tOut);
outputs[patternCount]->setO(oOut);
patternCount++;
}
fclose(f);
return patternCount;
}
InputPattern * CSVFile::getInputPattern(int index)
{
if (index >= 0 && index < 10)
return inputs[index];
else
return 0;
}
OutputPattern * CSVFile::getOutputPattern(int index)
{
if (index >= 0 && index < 10)
return outputs[index];
else
return 0;
}
void CSVFile::addInputPattern(InputPattern * in)
{
inputs[patternCount] = in;
patternCount++;
}
void CSVFile::addOutputPattern(OutputPattern * out)
{
outputs[patternCount] = out;
patternCount++;
}
void CSVFile::deleteInputPattern()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < patternCount; i++)
{
delete inputs[i];
}
delete inputs;
inputs = NULL;
}
void CSVFile::deleteOutputPattern()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < patternCount; i++)
{
delete outputs[i];
}
delete outputs;
outputs = NULL;
}
void CSVFile::printMetaData()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%s", buffer[i]);
}
}
void CSVFile::printPatterns()
{
/*to be completed*/
int i;
for (i = 0; i < patternCount; i++)
{
printf("Class number %d\n", i + 1);
printf("T in = %f\n", inputs[i]->getT());
printf("R in = %f\n", inputs[i]->getR());
printf("G in = %f\n", inputs[i]->getG());
printf("B in = %f\n", inputs[i]->getB());
printf("T out = %f\n", outputs[i]->getT());
printf("O out = %f\n", outputs[i]->getO());
}
}
void CSVFile::deleteBuffer()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < patternCount; i++)
{
delete buffer[i];
}
delete buffer;
buffer = NULL;
}
TestHarness.cpp sample (this is executed in the main function)
bool TestHarness::testCSVFileSetFilepath() /*this works fine*/
{
bool testResult = false;
CSVFile* test = NULL;
test = new CSVFile();
char *testName = NULL;
test->setName("test.txt");
testName = test->getFilename(testName, 10);
if (strcmp("test.txt", testName) == 0)
testResult = true;
delete test;
delete testName;
test = NULL;
testName = NULL;
return testResult;
}
...........................
bool TestHarness::testCSVFileLoadFile() /*this causes the corruption*/
{
bool testResult = false;
CSVFile* test = NULL;
test = new CSVFile();
test->setName("C:/Users/user/Documents/AssignmentsSem2/ExampleFile.csv");
if (test->loadFile() == 10)
testResult = true;
test->deleteInputPattern();
test->deleteOutputPattern();
test->deleteBuffer(); /*these three above methods are the ones I'm talking about*/
delete test;
test = NULL;
return testResult;
}
You can check for memory leaks with
#define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
#include<crtdbg.h>
struct AtExit
{
~AtExit()
{
_CrtDumpMemoryLeaks();
}
}doAtExit;
just outside the main method.
This runs whenever your program ends. All it really does is display whether you have a memory leak or not. Doesn't help with actually finding them.
You might need Visual Studio for this.
This is how it looks when a memory leak is found
I am implementing my version of the basic String class, however I am running into an issue that I have never seen before and have no idea how to properly debug. My code is pasted below. All functions have their header counterparts. My test is simply creating one object using the convert constructor.
A4String obj1("this");
My problem is I get an Access violation reading location exception thrown. My research has indicated that I may be trying to access memory outside of Visual Studio's allotment. I'm having trouble finding where this pointer error exists though. I have placed breakpoints through every step of the convert constructor and subsequent function calls within however my program doesn't throw the exception until it returns to main, seemingly after my program has executed completely.
#include "A4String.h"
A4String::A4String() {
data = new char[5];
data[0] = '\0';
capacity = 5;
}
A4String::~A4String() {
if (capacity != 0)
delete[] data;
}
//Copy Constructor
A4String::A4String(const A4String &right) {
cout << "copy" << endl;
data = new char[right.capacity + 1];
strcpy(data, right.data, capacity);
capacity = right.capacity;
}
//Convert Constructor
A4String::A4String(const char *sptr) {
cout << "convert" << endl;
capacity = (strlen(sptr)) + 1;
data = new char[capacity + 1];
strcpy(sptr, data, capacity);
}
//Assignment
A4String& A4String::operator = (const A4String & right) {
//if (capacity != 0) delete[] data;
data = new char[right.capacity + 1];
strcpy(data, right.data, capacity);
capacity = right.capacity;
return *this;
}
//Equivalence
bool A4String::operator == (const A4String &right) const {
return (strcmp(data, right.data)) == 0;
}
int A4String::length() const {
return capacity;
}
void A4String::addChar(char) {
//Not implemented yet
}
string A4String::toString() {
string str = "";
int i = 0;
while (data[i] != '\0') {
str += data[i];
i++;
}
return str;
}
void A4String::strcpy(const char *source, char* destination, int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
destination[i] = '\0';
int index = 0;
while (source[index] != '\0')
{
destination[index] = source[index];
index++;
}
destination[index] = '\0';
}
int A4String::strcmp(char *str1, char *str2)
{
if (*str1 < *str2)
return -1;
if (*str1 > *str2)
return 1;
if (*str1 == '\0')
return 0;
return strcmp(str1 + 1, str2 + 1);
return 0;
}
int A4String::strlen( char *s)
{
char *start;
start = s;
while (*s != 0)
{
++s;
}
return s - start;
}
The problem is your A4String::strcpy, the line
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
destination[i] = '\0';
The destination has less than 20 characters, so it crashes.
Use of the hard code number 20 in the A4String::strcpy is not right. I suggest changing it to size.
void A4String::strcpy(const char *source, char* destination, int size)
{
// for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
destination[i] = '\0';
int index = 0;
// Add an additional check here also.
// while (source[index] != '\0' )
while (source[index] != '\0' && index < size)
{
destination[index] = source[index];
index++;
}
destination[index] = '\0';
}
Disclaimer Fixing the above function may not fix your crashing problem even though the use of 20 is most likely crashing your program. In other words, there might be other problems in your code too.
Hi everyone I am trying to finish a assignment for class where I need to sort a File full of employees by their ID number. There are 10 lines in the file each with an employees info. The order is ID LASTNAME FIRSTNAME
The program ran fine before I wrote the sort function and copied all the data properly into the array, but now after adding my sort function I keep getting a access violation with no hints as to what is causing it.
I would appreciate any help.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
class Employee
{
public:
int _id;
string _lastName;
string _firstName;
Employee()
{
_id = 0;
_lastName = "n/a";
_firstName = "n/a";
}
};
void copyFile10(Employee [], int);
void sortFile10(Employee [], int);
int main()
{
const int size10 = 10;
Employee employees10[size10];
copyFile10(employees10, size10); //1.fill array/copy file
sortFile10(employees10, size10); //2. sort
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void copyFile10(Employee employees10[], const int size)
{
ifstream data10("data_10.dat");
for(int count = 0; count < 10; count++) //1.fill array/copy file
{
data10 >> employees10[count]._id;
data10 >> employees10[count]._lastName;
data10 >> employees10[count]._firstName;
}
data10.close();
}
void sortFile10(Employee employees10[], const int size)
{
Employee buff1;
Employee buff2;
int counter = 0;
bool ordered = false;
while (ordered == false)
{
for(int count = 0; count < size-1; count++)
{
if(employees10[count]._id > employees10[count+1]._id)
{
buff1._id = employees10[count+1]._id;
buff1._lastName = employees10[count+1]._lastName;
buff1._firstName = employees10[count+1]._firstName;
buff2._id = employees10[count]._id;
buff2._lastName = employees10[count]._lastName;
buff2._firstName = employees10[count]._firstName;
employees10[count]._id = buff1._id;
employees10[count]._lastName = buff1._lastName;
employees10[count]._firstName = buff1._firstName;
employees10[count+1]._id = buff2._id;
employees10[count+1]._lastName = buff2._lastName;
employees10[count+1]._lastName = buff2._lastName;
counter++;
}
if(counter == 0)
ordered = true;
else
counter = 0;
}
}
}
for(int count = 0; count < size; count++)
{
if(employees10[count]._id > employees10[count+1]._id)
What happens here on the last iteration of the loop (i.e. when count is 9)?
I have a struct defined as follows
struct VariableList
{
void Add(simple_instr* instr)
{
//PrintOpcode(instr);
switch(instr->opcode)
{
case STR_OP:
case MCPY_OP:
Add(instr->u.base.src1);
Add(instr->u.base.src2);
break;
case LDC_OP:
Add(instr->u.ldc.dst);
break;
case BTRUE_OP:
case BFALSE_OP:
Add(instr->u.bj.src);
break;
case CALL_OP:
if (instr->u.call.dst != NO_REGISTER)
{
Add(instr->u.call.dst);
}
Add(instr->u.call.proc);
for (int i = 0; i < instr->u.call.nargs; i++)
{
Add(instr->u.call.args[i]);
}
break;
case MBR_OP:
Add(instr->u.mbr.src);
break;
case RET_OP:
if (instr->u.base.src1 != NO_REGISTER)
Add(instr->u.base.src1);
break;
case CVT_OP:
case CPY_OP:
case NEG_OP:
case NOT_OP:
case LOAD_OP:
Add(instr->u.base.dst);
Add(instr->u.base.src1);
break;
case LABEL_OP:
case JMP_OP:
break;
default:
Add(instr->u.base.dst);
Add(instr->u.base.src1);
Add(instr->u.base.src2);
break;
}
}
void Add(Variable var)
{
variableList.push_back(var);
}
void RemoveDuplicates()
{
if (variableList.size() > 0)
{
variableList.erase(unique(variableList.begin(), variableList.end()), variableList.end());
currentID = variableList.size();
}
}
VariableList()
{
currentID = 0;
dynamicallyCreated = false;
}
VariableList(VariableList& varList, bool setLiveness = false, bool LiveVal = false)
{
currentID = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < varList.size(); i++)
{
Variable* var = new Variable(varList[i]);
if (setLiveness)
{
var->isLive = LiveVal;
}
variableList.push_back(*var);
}
dynamicallyCreated = variableList.size() > 0;
}
Variable& operator[] (int i)
{
return variableList[i];
}
int size()
{
return variableList.size();
}
vector<Variable>::iterator begin()
{
return variableList.begin();
}
vector<Variable>::iterator end()
{
return variableList.end();
}
bool CompareLiveness(VariableList &var)
{
if(variableList.size() != var.size())
{
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < variableList.size(); i++)
{
if(variableList[i].isLive != var[i].isLive)
return false;
}
return true;
}
~VariableList()
{
if(dynamicallyCreated)
{
for (vector<Variable>::iterator it = variableList.begin(); it < variableList.end(); ++it)
{
//delete (&it);
}
}
}
protected:
int currentID;
vector<Variable> variableList;
bool dynamicallyCreated;
void Add(simple_reg* reg, bool checkForDuplicates = false)
{
if (reg == null)
{
cout << "null detected" << endl;
return;
}
if (reg->kind == PSEUDO_REG)
{
if (!checkForDuplicates || (checkForDuplicates && find(variableList.begin(), variableList.end(), reg->num) != variableList.end()))
{
cout << "Adding... Reg " << reg->num << endl;
Variable* var = new Variable(reg->num, currentID);
variableList.push_back(*var);
currentID++;
}
}
}
};
I'd like to be able to do a statement like this
VariableList varsIn(Variables, true, false);
that will create a deep copy and allow me to change a few properties. As you can see in my struct, I'm currently attempting to do this using
VariableList(VariableList& varList, bool setLiveness = false, bool LiveVal = false)
{
currentID = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < varList.size(); i++)
{
Variable* var = new Variable(varList[i]);
if (setLiveness)
{
var->isLive = LiveVal;
}
variableList.push_back(*var);
}
dynamicallyCreated = variableList.size() > 0;
}
I don't think this is the right way to do it though. What's the proper way to do this sort of copying? Is there a way to do it without using new? For reference, the Variable struct is as follows
struct Variable
{
int id;
int num;
bool isLive;
simple_op opcode;
Variable()
{
id = 0;
num = 0;
opcode = NOP_OP;
vClass = Basic;
isLive = false;
}
Variable(int _num, int _id = 0, simple_op _op = NOP_OP)
{
id = _id;
num = _num;
opcode = _op;
vClass = Basic;
isLive = false;
}
VariableClass GetClass()
{
return vClass;
}
bool operator==(const Variable &var) const
{
return num == var.num;
}
bool operator==(const int &x) const
{
return x == num;
}
protected:
VariableClass vClass;
};
VariableClass and simple_op are enums
Thanks in advance
Your code is not only doing dynamic allocation unnecessarily, it's also leaking Variable instances everywhere. Just use an automatic variable, push_back will make a copy:
VariableList(VariableList& varList, bool setLiveness = false, bool LiveVal = false)
{
currentID = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < varList.size(); i++)
{
Variable var(varList[i]);
if (setLiveness)
{
var.isLive = LiveVal;
}
variableList.push_back(var);
}
}
And take out the destructor, you can't delete the elements owned by the vector. If they pointed somewhere, sure, but you're not storing pointers.
Also, here's an even better way:
VariableList(VariableList& other, bool setLiveness = false, bool LiveVal = false)
: currentID(0)
, variableList(other.variableList)
{
if (setLiveness) {
for( int i = 0; i < size(); i++ )
variableList[i].isLive = LiveVal;
}
}