I know there are already questions like this on SO but I am new to SDL2 and I have had a look at some tutorials to draw a rectangle and I have had a look at some questions here as well. With the current code below I cannot draw a rectanlge onto the window as it doesn't appear I have also tried to clear the window after the rectangle is meant to be drawn this just sets the entire window to that colour.
#include <iostream>
#include <SDL2\SDL.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv){
SDL_Window* window;
window = SDL_CreateWindow("Test", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
SDL_Renderer* render;
render = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
bool close = false;
SDL_Event event;
while (close == false){
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)){
if (event.type == SDL_QUIT){
close = true;
}
}
//set colour
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(render, 255, 0, 0, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(render);
SDL_Rect rect;
rect.x, rect.y, rect.h, rect.w = 50, 50, 50, 50;
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(render, 0, 0, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderFillRect(render, &rect);
//SDL_RenderClear(render); <-- If this is uncommented it clears the screen to blue.
SDL_RenderPresent(render);
}
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(render);
SDL_Quit();
}
This is mean't to draw a blue rectangle onto a red window but I only get the red window and clearing the renderer only set's the window blue. Why does this rectangle not draw? If it is drawing then how come the colour of it ahsnt changed so it doesn't blend in with the background.
I have used these questions to help me get this far:
How to draw a rectangle in SDL 2 and what exactly is a renderer
SDL2 Wont draw Rectangles Correctly
https://dev.to/noah11012/using-sdl2-drawing-rectangles-3hc2
Your issue seems to be with the rect.x, rect.y, rect.h, rect.w = 50, 50, 50, 50;
When I changed it to
rect.x = 50;
rect.y = 50;
rect.h = 50;
rect.w = 50;
The program worked
Related
I need to build an interface where on the left side of the screen shows part of one streaming video and the right side the other part. Something like this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSPXpdVzamo
The video streaming is saved on a memory buffer that is being loaded on a texture. My question is how to render just the half of the texture, I've bee trying using SDL_Rect but nothing happens.
This is the relevant part of my code:
SDL_UpdateTexture(texture, NULL, buffer_start, fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture, NULL, NULL);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
If I try something like this, it doesn't work:
SDL_UpdateTexture(texture, NULL, buffer_start, fmt.fmt.pix.width * 2);
SDL_Rect someRect;
someRect.x = 0;
someRect.y = 0;
someRect.w = 1500;
someRect.h = 3000;
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture, NULL, &someRect);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
Any advice would be great!
Without you posting a MCVE is hard to know where you went wrong. My guess is your x position is wrong. Here is an example where I show how to draw 2 images in the fashion of your video.
Green image: https://i.imgur.com/yaOG8Ng.png
Red image: https://i.imgur.com/faKKShU.png
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL_image.h>
#include <iostream>
#define HEIGHT 600
#define WIDTH 800
using namespace std;
int main() {
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
SDL_Window *window = SDL_CreateWindow("Red Green", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, WIDTH, HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
SDL_Renderer *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, 0, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC);
bool quit = false;
SDL_Event event;
SDL_Texture *green_part = IMG_LoadTexture(renderer, "Green400x600.png");
SDL_Texture *red_part = IMG_LoadTexture(renderer, "Red400x600.png");
while (!quit) {
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
quit = true;
}
}
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_Rect copy_rect{0, 0, 400, 600};
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, green_part, nullptr, ©_rect);
// We now draw from half the screen onward x position = WIDTH / 2.
copy_rect.x = 400;
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, red_part, nullptr, ©_rect);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
I can create a SDL2 window but I don't know how to change background color of this window.
My code:
#include "SDL.h"
SDL_Window *window;
void main()
{
window = SDL_CreateWindow("TEST", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
SDL_Delay(3000);
}
How can I change background color of this window to black?
You should set drawing colour with SDL_SetRenderDrawColor and then use SDL_RenderClear:
(code comes directly from SDL wiki)
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
SDL_Window* window;
SDL_Renderer* renderer;
// Initialize SDL.
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0)
return 1;
// Create the window where we will draw.
window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL_RenderClear",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
512, 512,
0);
// We must call SDL_CreateRenderer in order for draw calls to affect this window.
renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, 0);
// Select the color for drawing. It is set to red here.
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255);
// Clear the entire screen to our selected color.
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
// Up until now everything was drawn behind the scenes.
// This will show the new, red contents of the window.
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
// Give us time to see the window.
SDL_Delay(5000);
// Always be sure to clean up
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
If you do not use SDL2 renderer you can do this:
Just call:
SDL_GL_SwapWindow(window);
After :
SDL_GL_MakeCurrent(window, context);
That's all! Now you have a black screen.
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int width=512, height=512;
SDL_Window *window=SDL_CreateWindow("Window", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, width, height, SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);
if(window==NULL)
cout << "There was an error while initializing the window" << endl << SDL_GetError << endl;
SDL_Event event;
bool running=true;
while(running){
while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)){
if(event.type==SDL_QUIT){
running=false;
break;
}
}
SDL_GetWindowSize(window, &width, &height);
SDL_Surface *surface=SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
Uint32 skyblue=SDL_MapRGB(surface->format, 65,193,193);
SDL_FillRect(surface, NULL, skyblue);
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
}
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
}
Note, none of these solutions work properly with OpenGL. The question was how to init the window with predefined color, not how to paint the first frame. There's still a blink of white color before the first frame is painted.
Try this one :
SDL_Window *wind;
SDL_Surface *windSurface = NULL
void main()
{
wind = SDL_CreateWindow("TEST", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
windSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(wind);
SDL_FillRect(windSurface, NULL, SDL_MapRGB(windSurface->format, 240, 200, 112));
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(wind);
SDL_Delay(3000);
}
I would like to know ho to use SDL_CreateTexture function.
I just want to create texture, give it a color and draw it somewhere on the screen. I dont wanna load any picture into it.
I thought I can use SDL_CreateTexture, SDL_SetTextureColorMod, SDL_RenderCopy, SDL_RenderPresent in that order, but I always get just a black rectangle instead of red one.
#include <SDL.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
SDL_Window *MainWindow = SDL_CreateWindow("My Game Window",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
1024, 768,
SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN
);
SDL_Renderer *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(MainWindow, -1, 0);
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_Texture *Tile = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer,SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA8888,SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET,8,8);
//I want my texture to be red
SDL_SetTextureColorMod(Tile,255,0,0);
//I just try this i dont know if I have to do that
SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(Tile,255);
SDL_Rect destination = {320,240,8,8};
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer,Tile,NULL,&destination);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
SDL_Delay(3000);
//Clean up
SDL_DestroyTexture(Tile);
SDL_DestroyWindow(MainWindow);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
I also dont know if I am using right format (SDL_PixelFormatEnum) value in SDL_CreateTexture. There is a lot of them and I dont understand what they mean. Which one can I use form this purpose?
SDL_SetTextureColorMod will make sure subsequent render copy operations will have the specified multiplier taken into account. It doesn't change color to the texture texels.
You should rather either load a bitmap or initialize your texture with a red color as in the following example
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
SDL_Window *MainWindow = SDL_CreateWindow("My Game Window",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
1024, 768,
SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN
);
SDL_Renderer *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(MainWindow, -1, 0);
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_Texture *Tile = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA8888,
SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING, 8, 8);
// Initialize texture pixels to a red opaque RGBA value
unsigned char* bytes = nullptr;
int pitch = 0;
SDL_LockTexture(Tile, nullptr, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&bytes), &pitch);
unsigned char rgba[4] = { 255, 0, 0, 255 };
for(int y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < 8; ++x) {
memcpy(&bytes[(y * 8 + x)*sizeof(rgba)], rgba, sizeof(rgba));
}
}
SDL_UnlockTexture(Tile);
SDL_Rect destination = { 320, 240, 8, 8 };
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, Tile, NULL, &destination);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
SDL_Delay(3000);
//Clean up
SDL_DestroyTexture(Tile);
SDL_DestroyWindow(MainWindow);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
I dont exactly understand what renderer is. Can I have multiple renderers or is there always just one?
For example, how can I draw a rectangle with a certain color on a background with a different color using a renderer?
I believe the answer lies in the functions SDL_RenderDrawRect() and SDL_RenderFillRect(). Am I right?
I know how surfaces and bliting works but I dont know what exactly the renderer symbolizes.
If someone could show me how to draw a rectangle, I think i will understand how renderers work.
So far I have this:
#include <SDL.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
//Initialization
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
//Window
SDL_Window *MainWindow = SDL_CreateWindow("My Game Window",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
640, 480,
SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN
);
//Renderer
SDL_Renderer *Background = SDL_CreateRenderer(MainWindow, -1, 0);
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(Background, 255, 255, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(Background);
SDL_Delay(3000);
//Clean up
SDL_DestroyWindow(MainWindow);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
for the first part of your question see this SO question.
as to why your code doesnt do much:
you are correct that you need to use either SDL_RenderDrawRect(), or SDL_RenderFillRect().
SDL_RenderDrawRect will draw an unfilled rectangle. SDL_RenderFillRect will be filled (hopefully that is obvious).
With SDL_renderer you need to call SDL_RenderPresent to copy the "scene" to the screen.
...
//Renderer
SDL_Renderer* renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(MainWindow, -1, 0);
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer); // fill the scene with white
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255); // the rect color (solid red)
SDL_Rect rect(0, 0, 100, 50); // the rectangle
SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer); // copy to screen
SDL_Delay(3000);
...
I'm trying to write a program that has a translucent background covering the whole screen. After some research it appeared that SDL would be the way to go.
I've written the code to create a full screen window with a background whose alpha is equal to 100 (out of 255), but for some reason it just draws the solid colour. What have I done wrong?
// Initialise SDL
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) != 0) {
this->throwSDLError("SDL_Init Error");
}
// Create the window and renderer
if (SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer(0, 0, SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP, &(this->window), &(this->renderer)) != 0) {
this->throwSDLError("Could not create the window and renderer");
}
// Set the blend mode to specify how the alpha channel is used
if (SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(this->renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND) != 0) {
this->throwSDLError("Could not set render draw blend mode");
}
// Set the colour to draw
if (SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(this->renderer, 200, 200, 200, 100) != 0) {
this->throwSDLError("Could not set the drawing colour");
}
// Clear the screen using the colour
if (SDL_RenderClear(this->renderer) != 0) {
this->throwSDLError("Could not render the screen");
}
// Present the rendered screen
SDL_RenderPresent(this->renderer);
On Windows, you can create a transparent window by using SetLayeredWindowAttributes to chroma-key the background color from a borderless SDL window.
Code:
// SDL window with transparent background v1.2
#include <SDL.h>
#include <SDL_syswm.h>
#include <Windows.h>
// Makes a window transparent by setting a transparency color.
bool MakeWindowTransparent(SDL_Window* window, COLORREF colorKey) {
// Get window handle (https://stackoverflow.com/a/24118145/3357935)
SDL_SysWMinfo wmInfo;
SDL_VERSION(&wmInfo.version); // Initialize wmInfo
SDL_GetWindowWMInfo(window, &wmInfo);
HWND hWnd = wmInfo.info.win.window;
// Change window type to layered (https://stackoverflow.com/a/3970218/3357935)
SetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, GetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE) | WS_EX_LAYERED);
// Set transparency color
return SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hWnd, colorKey, 0, LWA_COLORKEY);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// Get resolution of primary monitor
int desktopWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
int desktopHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Transparent Window",
SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED,
desktopWidth, desktopHeight, SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS);
SDL_Renderer* renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
// Set background color to magenta and clear screen
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
// Draw blue square in top-left corner
SDL_Rect rect1 = {0, 0, 100, 100};
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 255, 255);
SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect1);
// Draw red square in center of the screen
SDL_Rect rect2 = {(desktopWidth-100)/2, (desktopHeight-100)/2, 100, 100};
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255);
SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect2);
// Add window transparency (Magenta will be see-through)
MakeWindowTransparent(window, RGB(255, 0, 255));
// Render the square to the screen
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
// Loop until user quits
bool quit = false;
SDL_Event event;
while (!quit) {
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event) != 0) {
if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
quit = true;
}
}
}
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
Result:
Explanation:
First, create a borderless window with that covers the entire desktop. Choose a solid masking color and use it as your background. (In my case, I used magenta). You can then key-out your masking color with the Win32 API function SetLayeredWindowAttributes.
Any part of the window with this color will be completely see-through. Other windows behind your program can be interacted with as normal. By default, other applications can be moved on top of your borderless window.
If you want your SDL window to always be on top of other windows, you can set the SDL_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP flag when creating your window.
See Also
Stack Overflow: Creating a transparent window in C++ Win32
Stack Overflow: How detect current screen resolution?
Microsoft: Layered Windows