I'm trying to draw a square plane of 10 x 10 using the VBO on OpenGL. So I have a function getPlaneCoords that calculate the vertices and the indexes however the program just ends up crashing when I run it.
fragment shader:
#version 330 core
out vec4 color;
void main()
{
color = vec4(0.5, 0.2, 0.3, 1.0);
}
vertex shader:
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
out vec3 FragPos;
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);
FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(position, 1.0f));
}
Main.cpp:
constexpr GLuint dimensions{ 10 };
int numberOfPoints{ 0 };
int numberOfIndexes{ 0 };
float vertices[dimensions * dimensions * 3];
unsigned int indices[(dimensions - 1) * (dimensions - 1) * 6];
void getPlaneCoords()
{
int half = dimensions / 2;
for (int i{ 0 }; i < dimensions; ++i)
{
for (int j{ 0 }; j < dimensions; ++j)
{
float x = j - half;
float y = 0;
float z = i - half;
vertices[numberOfPoints++] = x;
vertices[numberOfPoints++] = y;
vertices[numberOfPoints++] = z;
}
}
for (int row{ 0 }; row < dimensions - 1; ++row)
{
for (int col{ 0 }; col < dimensions - 1; ++col)
{
indices[numberOfIndexes++] = dimensions * row + col;
indices[numberOfIndexes++] = dimensions * row + col + dimensions;
indices[numberOfIndexes++] = dimensions * row + col + dimensions + 1;
indices[numberOfIndexes++] = dimensions * row + col;
indices[numberOfIndexes++] = dimensions * row + col + dimensions + 1;
indices[numberOfIndexes++] = dimensions * row + col + 1;
}
}
}
int main()
{
glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
// OpenGL options
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
getPlaneCoords();
// Build and compile our shader program
Shader lightingShader("lighting.vs", "lighting.frag");
GLuint squareVAO, VBO, EBO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &squareVAO);
glBindVertexArray(squareVAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, numberOfPoints * sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, numberOfIndexes * sizeof(GLuint), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
GLint PosAttrib{ glGetAttribLocation(lightingShader.Program, "position") };
glVertexAttribPointer(PosAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0); // Note that we skip over the normal vectors
glEnableVertexAttribArray(PosAttrib);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(camera.GetZoom(), (GLfloat)WIDTH / (GLfloat)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 1000.0f);
while(window.running)
{
glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
lightingShader.Use();
glm::mat4 view;
view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
// Get the uniform locations
GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "model");
GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "view");
GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "projection");
// Pass the matrices to the shader
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glBindVertexArray(squareVAO);
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4();
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, numberOfIndexes, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
window.display();
}
// Missing important display code but that is related to SFML. The code shared is primarily the OpenGL methods
}
It's meant to be a 10 x 10 plane with the color rgba ratio (0.5, 0.2, 0.3, 1.0);
I'm not sure as to where I went wrong?
Related
I am sorry to carry this here, but I spend around 7 hours maybe for a really easy thing. Maybe some of you identify the problem.
I try to render some pixel coordinates to screen. The code is below.
For a 800x600 screen. Simply trying to calculate the position of the lines, and then to render it to the screen.
For example: Point A(400, 300, 0) and point B(500,300,0) shall be a simple black line from the center of the screen to the right.
As I call this class function in render, I thought I might be creating a separate rendering session. However, when I write something such as glCleanColor, the background changes.
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
Vertex shader:
const GLchar *vertex_shader =
"#version 410\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 pos;\n"
"layout (location = 1) in vec4 col;\n"
"uniform mat4 projection;\n"
"out vec4 Frag_Color;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" Frag_Color = col;\n"
" gl_Position =projection*vec4(pos.xyz,1);\n"
"}\n";
Fragment Shader:
const GLchar *fragment_shader =
"#version 410\n"
"in vec4 Frag_Color;\n"
"layout (location = 0) out vec4 Out_Color;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" Out_Color = Frag_Color;\n"
"}\n";
Vertex structure
struct Vrtx
{
float pos[3];
float col[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
};
coord axis class:
class CoordinateAxis
{
public:
void coordinate_axis()
{
vertices.resize(6);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
vertices[2 * i].pos[0] = 400;
vertices[2 * i].pos[1] = 300;
vertices[2 * i].pos[2] = 0;
}
vertices[1].pos[0] = 500;
vertices[1].pos[1] = 300;
vertices[1].pos[2] = 0;
vertices[3].pos[0] = 400;
vertices[3].pos[1] = 400;
vertices[3].pos[2] = 0;
vertices[3].pos[0] = 400;
vertices[3].pos[1] = 430;
vertices[3].pos[2] = 100;
setupRender();
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glDrawElements(GL_LINE, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glUseProgram(0);
}
CoordinateAxis()
{
initShaderProgram();
};
private:
void initShaderProgram()
{
// Vertex shader
GLuint vHandle = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vHandle, 1, &vertex_shader, NULL);
glCompileShader(vHandle);
// Fragment shader
GLuint fHandle = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fHandle, 1, &fragment_shader, NULL);
glCompileShader(fHandle);
// Create Program
handleProgram = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(handleProgram, vHandle);
glAttachShader(handleProgram, fHandle);
glLinkProgram(handleProgram);
attribLocationProj = glGetUniformLocation(handleProgram, "projection");
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
// CreateBuffers
glGenBuffers(1, &vboHandle);
glGenBuffers(1, &iboHandle);
}
void setupRender()
{
GLint last_viewport[4];
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT, last_viewport);
float L = last_viewport[0];
float R = L + last_viewport[2];
float B = last_viewport[1];
float T = B + last_viewport[3];
const float ortho_projection[4][4] =
{
{2.0f / (R - L), 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
{0.0f, 2.0f / (T - B), 0.0f, 0.0f},
{0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f},
{(R + L) / (L - R), (T + B) / (B - T), 0.0f, 1.0f},
};
glUseProgram(handleProgram);
glUniformMatrix4fv(attribLocationProj, 1, GL_FALSE, &ortho_projection[0][0]);
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboHandle);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.size() * sizeof(GLuint), indices.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboHandle);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.size() * sizeof(Vrtx), vertices.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboHandle);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vertices.size() * sizeof(Vrtx), 0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, vertices.size() * sizeof(Vrtx), (void *)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
}
std::vector<Vrtx> vertices;
std::vector<GLuint> indices;
GLuint handleProgram, VAO, vboHandle, iboHandle, attribLocationProj;
};
GL_LINE is not a valid primitive type. GL_LINE is a mode for glPolygonMode.
A valid line primitive type is GL_LINES:
glDrawElements(GL_LINE, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glDrawElements(GL_LINES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
Furthermore there is an issue when you set up the array of vertex attribute data by glVertexAttribPointer. The 5th parameter (strid) is the byte offset between consecutive attribute tuples, rather than the size of the buffer. sizeof(Vrtx) rather than vertices.size() * sizeof(Vrtx):
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vrtx), 0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vrtx), (void *)(3*sizeof(float)));
Note, the array of indices seems to be empty. Either initialize the array of indices:
indices = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
or use glDrawArrays instead:
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 6);
I am trying to draw a grid of velocity vectors, I expect the velocity at each grid point to be a line with a slop of 1. A slanting line, but I always end up with a vertical line. I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong. Is there something I'm overlooking?
Here is how my vertex buffer looks :
float vel_pos[6*(N+2)*(N+2)];
int index1 = 0;
for (int i=0;i<N+2;i++)
{
for (int j=0;j<N+2;j++)
{
vel_pos[index1] = float(i);
vel_pos[index1+1] = float(j);
vel_pos[index1+2] = 0.0f;
vel_pos[index1+3] = float(i) +0.5f;
vel_pos[index1+4] = float(j) + 0.5f;
vel_pos[index1+5] = 0.0f;
index1 += 6;
}
}
Here is how I am creating my VBO and VAO :
unsigned int VBO, VAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
// Bind vertex array object first and then bind the vertex buffer objects
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vel_pos), vel_pos, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
GLint velAttrib = glGetAttribLocation(ourShader.ID, "aPos");
// iterpreting data from buffer
glVertexAttribPointer(velAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
Here is my vertex shader :
out vec4 vertexColor;
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in float densitySource; /* source of density */
uniform mat4 transform;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection*transform * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
vertexColor = vec4(1, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
And here's my drawing code :
ourShader.use();
glm::mat4 trans = glm::mat4(1.0f);
trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
unsigned int transformMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "transform");
glUniformMatrix4fv(transformMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
glm::mat4 projection = glm::ortho(-10.0f, 110.0f, -1.0f, 110.0f, -1.0f, 100.0f);
unsigned int projectionMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(ourShader.ID, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glLineWidth(1.0f);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, (N+2)*(N+2));
This is the image I get :
resulting image
The 5th parameter (stride) of glVertexAttribPointer is the offset between two vertex coordinates and not between to primitives. Since your vertex coordinates have 3 components of type float, the offset has to be 3 * sizeof(float):
glVertexAttribPointer(velAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
Because you set an offset of 6 * sizeof(float), you have skipped every 2 coordinate and have drawn lines between the points of the grid.
But note, if stride is 0, the generic vertex attributes are understood to be tightly packed in the array. This is the case, so you ca use an offset of 0:
glVertexAttribPointer(velAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (void*)0);
I am trying to make my first cube using open gl. Unfortunately I stucked in easy rotation. This is how it should look:
Instead I am getting those weird, do not even know how to called it : https://youtu.be/0A5Hi-8bygE
Vertex shader
#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec2 a_position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 a_uv;
layout (location = 2) in vec4 a_color;
out vec2 v_fragmentPosition;
out vec2 v_fragmentUV;
out vec4 v_fragmentColor;
uniform mat4 u_model;
uniform mat4 u_view;
uniform mat4 u_projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = u_projection * u_view * u_model * vec4(a_position, 0.0, 1.0);
v_fragmentPosition = a_position;
v_fragmentUV = vec2(a_uv.x, 1 - a_uv.y);
v_fragmentColor = a_color;
}
Fragment
#version 330 core
out vec4 outColor;
in vec2 v_fragmentPosition;
in vec2 v_fragmentUV;
in vec4 v_fragmentColor;
void main()
{
outColor = v_fragmentColor;
}
Main
#include <glad.h>
#include <glm.hpp>
#include <gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include "Mesh.h"
#include "Shader.h"
int main(int argc,char*args[])
{
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4);
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 4);
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE);
SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("fdas", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 1280, 720, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL);
SDL_GLContext context = SDL_GL_CreateContext(window);
gladLoadGLLoader(SDL_GL_GetProcAddress);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
Shader shader;
std::string vertex = shader.LoadFromFile("vertex.shader");
std::string fragment = shader.LoadFromFile("fragment.shader");
shader.CreateShaderProgram(vertex.c_str(), fragment.c_str());
shader.useProgram();
Mesh mesh;
mesh.CreateVertexArray();
bool quit = false;
SDL_Event event;
while (!quit)
{
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event))
{
if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
{
exit(0);
}
}
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glm::mat4 model;
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(-55.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f));
glm::mat4 projection;
projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), 1280 / 720.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
GLint u_model = shader.GetUniformLocation("u_model");
GLint u_view = shader.GetUniformLocation("u_view");
GLint u_projection = shader.GetUniformLocation("u_projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(u_model, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(u_view, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(u_projection, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
Rect destRect = { -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
Rect uvRect = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
ColorRGBA color = { 255, 255, 128, 255 };
mesh.CreateQuad(destRect, uvRect, color);
mesh.Draw(0);
SDL_GL_SwapWindow(window);
}
return 0;
}
Mesh
void Mesh::CreateVertexArray()
{
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (void*)offsetof(Vertex, position));
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (void*)offsetof(Vertex, uv));
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, sizeof(Vertex), (void*)offsetof(Vertex, color));
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void Mesh::CreateQuad(Rect destRect, Rect uvRect, ColorRGBA color)
{
vertex[0].color = color; // topleft
vertex[0].setPosition(destRect.x, destRect.y + destRect.h);
vertex[0].setUV(uvRect.x, uvRect.y + uvRect.h);
vertex[1].color = color;
vertex[1].setPosition(destRect.x, destRect.y); // bottom left
vertex[1].setUV(uvRect.x, uvRect.y);
vertex[2].color = color;
vertex[2].setPosition(destRect.x + destRect.w, destRect.y); // bottom right
vertex[2].setUV(uvRect.x + uvRect.w, uvRect.y);
vertex[3].color = color;
vertex[3].setPosition(destRect.x + destRect.w, destRect.y + destRect.h); // top right
vertex[3].setUV(uvRect.x + uvRect.w, uvRect.y + uvRect.h);
GLuint indices[6] = {
0, 1, 2,
2, 3, 0
};
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(vertex), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // orphan the buffer
glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, 6 * sizeof(vertex), vertex);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(GLuint), NULL, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // orphan the buffer
glBufferSubData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, 6 * sizeof(GLuint), indices);
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void Mesh::Draw(GLuint texture)
{
glBindVertexArray(vao);
// glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// glCullFace(GL_FRONT);
//glFrontFace(GL_CW);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, NULL);
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
Vertex
struct Rect {
float x, y;
float w, h;
};
struct Position {
float x, y;
};
struct UV {
float u, v;
};
struct ColorRGBA {
GLubyte r, g, b, a;
};
class Vertex
{
public:
Vertex();
~Vertex();
void setPosition(float x, float y);
void setcolor(ColorRGBA color);
void setUV(float u, float v);
UV uv;
ColorRGBA color;
Position position;
};
I will not show shader class, because there is all good with it.
I know it, because I did an experiment.
I created a new uniform in fragment class called u_expColor and set outColor = u_expColor and a quad's color changed.
Also I created uniform vec4 u_expPos in vertex shader and said gl_Position = e_expPos and it created quad with no problems.
Only if I want to create/multiply position by mvp in vertex shader there is a problem like on the you tube video.
How to fix it?
I have fixed it thanks http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/#putting-it-all-together. I saw he had
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f)
and it was all I had to do.
I'm using OpenGL, GLFW and GLEW to create a simulation of water waves for a school project. I'm using a textured grid and will manipulate said grid in the vertex shader.
I tried to create the grid by adapting the GeometryGenerator class in Frank Luna's book "Introduction to 3D Game Programming". I created the function but it gives me an odd scalene triangle instead of the grid.
Can anyone suggest a fix or a different function which would work better?
Here are the relevant snippets of code:
struct vertex
{
GLfloat x, y, z;
GLfloat u, v;
};
struct index
{
GLuint a, b, c;
};
struct MeshData
{
std::vector<vertex> Vertices;
std::vector<index> Indices;
//std::vector<GLuint> Indices;
};
void CreateGrid(float width, float depth, int m, int n, MeshData& meshData)
{
int vertexCount = m*n;
int faceCount = (m-1)*(n-1)*2;
// Create the vertices.
float halfWidth = 0.5f*width;
float halfDepth = 0.5f*depth;
float dx = width / (n-1);
float dz = depth / (m-1);
float du = 1.0f / (n-1);
float dv = 1.0f / (m-1);
meshData.Vertices.resize(vertexCount);
for(GLfloat i = 0.0f; i < m; ++i)
{
GLfloat z = halfDepth - i*dz;
for(GLfloat j = 0.0f; j < n; ++j)
{
//code
GLfloat x = -halfWidth + j*dx;
meshData.Vertices[i*n+j].x = x;
meshData.Vertices[i*n+j].y = 0.0f;
meshData.Vertices[i*n+j].z = z;
meshData.Vertices[i*n+j].u = j*du;
meshData.Vertices[i*n+j].v = i*dv;
//vertex temp = {x, 0.0f, z, j*du, i*dv};
//meshData.Vertices.push_back(temp);
}
}
//indices
meshData.Indices.resize(faceCount);
GLuint offset = 0;
for(GLuint i = 0; i < m-1; ++i)
{
for(GLuint j = 0; j < n-1; ++j)
{
//offset = x * m;
index temp =
{
i*n+j,
i*n+j+1,
(i+1)*n+j
};
index temp_2 =
{
(i+1)*n+j,
i*n+j+1,
(i+1)*n+j+1
};
meshData.Indices.push_back(temp);
meshData.Indices.push_back(temp_2);
}
}
}
Also passing the data to the VAO.
#pragma region "object_initialization"
// Set the object data (buffers, vertex attributes)
MeshData grid;
CreateGrid(30, 20, 2.0f, 3.0f, grid);
// Setup plane VAO
GLuint planeVAO, planeVBO, planeEBO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &planeVAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &planeVBO);
glGenBuffers(1, &planeEBO);
glBindVertexArray(planeVAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, planeVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(grid.Vertices) * grid.Vertices.size(), &grid.Vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, planeEBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(grid.Indices) * grid.Indices.size(), &grid.Indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glBindVertexArray(0);
// Load textures
GLuint floorTexture = loadTexture("C://path to.../brushwater.png");
#pragma endregion
Here is the rendering code as requested:
while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// Set frame time
GLfloat currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
lastFrame = currentFrame;
// Check and call events
glfwPollEvents();
Do_Movement();
// Clear the colorbuffer
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Draw objects
shader.Use();
glm::mat4 model;
glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(camera.Zoom, (float)screenWidth/(float)screenHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shader.Program, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shader.Program, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
// Floor
glBindVertexArray(planeVAO);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, floorTexture);
model = glm::mat4();
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shader.Program, "model"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
glBindVertexArray(0);
// Swap the buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
And the shaders:
Vertex Shader
#version 430 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 texCoords;
out vec2 TexCoords;
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);
TexCoords = texCoords;
}
Fragment Shader
#version 430 core
in vec2 TexCoords;
out vec4 color;
uniform sampler2D texture1;
void main()
{
color = texture(texture1, TexCoords);
}
My outputs are either textured scalene triangles or just a blank background.
Thanks in advanced for reading it though, and thanks for your help!
I have been having difficulty texturing a plane I made. The first quad on the plane is textured properly, but the rest of the plane then only seems to use the first pixel of the texture so it all ends up as a solid color. It seems to work properly if I make one giant plane and just texture that, but when I try to break up the plane into sections I keep getting this issue. I’m assuming I am missing something as far as the coordinates go, but from my understanding I thought they were always supposed to be between 0 and 1? Any help is appreciated.
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
Texture coordinates
GLfloat grassTexCoords[]
{
0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f
};
Setting up VAO
GLuint makePlane()
{
float size = 5;
for (int i = -5; i < 5; ++i)
{
for (int j = -5; j < 5; ++j)
{
verts.push_back({ glm::vec3((i * size), -11.f, (j * size)) });
verts.push_back({ glm::vec3((i * size), -11.f, (j * size) + size) });
verts.push_back({ glm::vec3((i * size) + size, -11.f, (j * size)) });
verts.push_back({ glm::vec3((i * size) + size, -11.f, (j * size)) });
verts.push_back({ glm::vec3((i * size), -11.f, (j * size) + size) });
verts.push_back({ glm::vec3((i * size) + size, -11.f, (j * size) + size) });
}
}
GLuint vbo;
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, verts.size() * sizeof(VertexPos), verts.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
GLuint vboTex;
glGenBuffers(1, &vboTex);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboTex);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 2 * 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), &grassTexCoords, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
GLuint vao;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboTex);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL);
return vao;
}
Rendering
void render()
{
glViewport(0, 0, window.getSize().x, window.getSize().y);
glClearColor(.4f, .4f, .4f, 1.f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//1st program
glUseProgram(sphereProgram);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, objPointCount);
//2nd program
glFrontFace(GL_CCW);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
glUseProgram(cubeProgram);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureID);
glBindVertexArray(cubeVao);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
//3rd program
glFrontFace(GL_CCW);
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
sf::Texture::bind(&grassTex);
glUseProgram(planeProgram);
glBindVertexArray(planeVao);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, verts.size());
//-----------------------
window.display();
//window.setFramerateLimit(FPS);
window.setVerticalSyncEnabled(true);
}
Vertex shader
#version 410
layout (location = 0) in vec3 vertexPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 texCoords;
uniform mat4 view, proj;
out vec3 posEye;
out vec2 coords;
void main()
{
coords = texCoords; //repeat texture over plane
gl_Position = proj * view * vec4(vertexPos, 1.0);
posEye = (view * vec4(vertexPos, 1.0)).xyz;
}
Fragment shader
#version 410
in vec3 posEye;
in vec2 coords;
out vec4 fragColor;
uniform sampler2D tex;
//fog
const vec3 fogColor = vec3(0.2, 0.2, 0.2);
const float minFogRad = 300;
const float maxFogRad = 900;
void main()
{
vec4 texture = texture2D(tex, coords);
fragColor = texture;
float distance = length(-posEye);
float fogFactor = (distance - minFogRad) / (maxFogRad - minFogRad);
fogFactor = clamp(fogFactor, 0.0, 1.0);
fragColor.rgb = mix(fragColor.rgb, fogColor, fogFactor);
}
The problem here is, that texture coordinates are just supplied for the first quad (for the first 6 vertices). All other vertices seem to get [0,0], which causes them to only read the top-left texel. The solution here is to provide enough texture coordinates for all of the vertices.
Texture coordinates in general are not necessarily between 0 and 1. One can specify how values outside of [0,1] should be treated by setting GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_[RST].
Note, that not supplying enough data in a VBO can lead to crashes (depends on the driver) when OpenGL tries to read outside the buffer.
You are using a GL_ARRAY_BUFFER which stores per vertex data.
The 2 and GL_FLOAT arguments in glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL); are declaring that you have 2 floats in vboTex per vertex but you haven't done this, you have 2 floats for each vertex in the first quad only.
In the same way, the 3 and GL_FLOAT arguments in glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL); are declaring that you have 3 floats in vbo per vertex which you have done.
The easiest fix for this is to create a bigger GL_ARRAY_BUFFER which repeats the same texture coordinates for every quad.