Objects in Array are not being replaced by new Objects - c++

This has been driving me insane for hours - I'm new to C++: I can't figure out why my programs thinks I want it do this.
I have a class House
class House{
private:
int number;
std::string family;
public:
House(int n, std::string f){
this->number = n;
this->family = f;
}
House(){
this->number = 0;
this->family = "unassigned";
}
void whoLivesHere(){
std::cout<<"The"<<family<<"lives here."<<std::endl;
}
};
I have another class Neighborhood
class Neighborhood{
private:
int size;
House houses[100];
public:
Neighborhood(){
this->size=0;
}
void addHouse(House h){
this->houses[this->size] = h;
this->size++;
}
void whoLivesHere(){
for(int i=0; i<this->size; i++){
this->houses[this->size].whoLivesHere();
}
}
};
And this is what is happening on my main.
int main(){
Neighborhood n1;
House h1(1,"Johnsons");
House h2(1,"Jones");
n1.addHouse(h1);
n1.addHouse(h2);
n1.whoLivesHere();
return 0;
}
And what I get on the Terminal is this.
The unassigned lives here
The unassigned lives here
The unassigned lives here
Why didn't the new objects replace the first two default objects?
Why show three objects? If size should be 1.
Thank you tonnes in advance!

You can make short work of this problem by using the tools the C++ Standard Library gives you, like this:
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::vector<House> neighborhood;
// emplace_back() forwards arguments to the constructor
neighborhood.emplace_back(1, "Johnson");
neighborhood.emplace_back(2, "Jones");
// No need to track size, std::vector does that for you: size(),
// but that's not even needed to iterate, you can just do this:
for (auto& house : neighborhood) {
house.whoLivesHere();
}
return 0;
}
Here I've cleaned up your House implementation:
class House {
private:
int number;
std::string family;
public:
// Tip: Use constructor lists
House(int n, const std::string& f) : number(n), family(f) { };
// Useful even for defaults
House() : number(0), family("unassigned") { };
// Flag methods that don't modify anything as const
void whoLivesHere() const {
std::cout << "The " << family << " lives here at number " << number << "." << std::endl;
}
};

Related

How to pass parameters in an objects of array? in c++

class A
{
int id;
public:
A (int i) { id = i; }
void show() { cout << id << endl; }
};
int main()
{
A a[2];
a[0].show();
a[1].show();
return 0;
}
I get an error since there is no default constructor.However thats not my question.Is there a way that ı can send parameters when defining
A a[2];
A good practice is to declare your constructor explicit (unless it defines a conversion), especially if you have only one parameter. Than, you can create new objects and add them to your array, like this :
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class A {
int id;
public:
explicit A (int i) { id = i; }
void show() { std::cout << id << std::endl; }
};
int main() {
A first(3);
A second(4);
A a[2] = {first, second};
a[0].show();
a[1].show();
return 0;
}
However, a better way is to use vectors (say in a week you want 4 objects in your array, or n object according to an input). You can do it like this:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
class A {
int id;
public:
explicit A (int i) { id = i; }
void show() { std::cout << id << std::endl; }
};
int main() {
std::vector<A> a;
int n = 0;
std::cin >> n;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
A temp(i); // or any other number you want your objects to initiate them.
a.push_back(temp);
a[i].show();
}
return 0;
}

Trouble with printing C++ Hash Table

I'm pretty new to C++ and am trying to teach myself how to implement a hash table(I know I could use unordered_map, but I'm challenging myself). Right now I have a vector of structs(cell) that holds person-specific information. I have a PrintTable function that I want to use to print out each struct member of every item in the table. However, I can't seem to access the specific members of the struct(cell). What am I doing wrong here?
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
struct cell
{
std::string name;
int age;
std::string weapon;
};
class HashTable
{
private:
std::vector<cell> *table;
int total_elements;
int getHash(int key)
{
return key % total_elements;
}
public:
HashTable(int n)
{
total_elements = n;
table = new std::vector<cell>[total_elements];
}
void SearchTheTable(int hashIndex);
void AddItem(std::string name, int age, std::string weapon);
void RemoveItem();
void PrintTable();
};
void HashTable::SearchTheTable(int hashIndex)
{
int x = getHash(hashIndex);
std::cout << x;
}
void HashTable::AddItem(std::string name, int age, std::string weapon)
{
cell newCell = { name, age, weapon };
table->push_back(newCell);
}
void HashTable::RemoveItem()
{
}
void HashTable::PrintTable()
{
for (int i = 0; i < table->size; i++)
{
std::cout << table[i].name; // Right here I get an error that says: class "std::vector<cell, std::allocator<cell>>" has no member "name".
}
}
int main()
{
HashTable theTable(5);
theTable.AddItem("Ryan", 27, "Sword");
theTable.AddItem("Melony", 24, "Axe");
theTable.PrintTable();
}

Can't copy newly created objects in the Class constructor to its vector member in C++

In the class constructor, I am initializing other objects and pushing these objects to my class vector member. From what I understand, the vector create a copy of the object and stores it so that it doesn't go out of scope. However, when verifying the objects in another class function, they are not initialized anymore. Here's a example code to explain the behaviour:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
class Square {
private:
int size_ = 0;
int colour_ = 0;
public:
Square(){
size_ = 0;
colour_ = 0;
}
void init(int size, int colour) {
size_ = size;
colour_ = colour;
}
int get_size() { return size_; }
};
class SetSquares {
private:
std::vector<Square> squares_;
int number_;
public:
SetSquares(): number_(0) {}
void init(int num) {
number_ = num;
squares_.clear();
squares_.resize(num);
for (int i=0; i < num; i++) {
Square square;
square.init(i, i);
squares_.push_back(square);
}
}
void sample(int i) {
if (i >= number_) { return; }
std::cout << "Square size is: " << squares_[i].get_size() << std::endl;
}
};
int main()
{
SetSquares set_of_squares;
set_of_squares.init(7);
set_of_squares.sample(4);
return 0;
}
resize(n) will create n default constructed elements in a vector and push_back will append new elements after those n elements. Use reserve and push_back or resize and index operator as suggested in comment.

Templates C++ error : could not deduce template argument

I am trying ot add a function template that will print if it contains precision values or valves and the value. The rest of the program works except this function. I am not sure what I am doing wrong but the error I recieve is:
error C2784: 'void printInstrumentDetail(const I *const )' : could not deduce template argument for 'const I *const ' from 'std::vector<_Ty>'
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include "Instruments.h"
#include "Brass.h"
#include "Strings.h"
using namespace std;
//template<typename I> <---Problem
//void printInstrumentDetail(const I * const a)
//{
// for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++)
// {
// cout << "The details for " << a[i]->getName()
// << ": " << a[i]->print();
// }
//}
int main()
{
double total = 0;
Strings violin("Violin", 553.90, 3);
Strings cello("Cello", 876.45, 3);
Strings viola("Viola", 200.50, 23);
Brass tuba("Tuba", 1400.10, 1.23);
Brass trumpet("Trumpet", 500.00, 4.32);
Brass sax("Sax", 674.78, .99);
vector <Instruments *> band(6);
band[0] = &violin;
band[1] = &tuba;
band[2] = &cello;
band[3] = &trumpet;
band[4] = &viola;
band[5] = &sax;
cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
cout << "The instruments in the band are:\n";
//Get name and cost of each
for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++)
{
cout << band[i]->getName() << " $"
<< band[i]->getCost() << endl;
}
cout << "\nThen band is warming up..." << endl;
//Get descrition of how sound is made of each
for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++)
{
cout << "This " << band[i]->getName()
<< " makes sounds by " ;
band[i]->playSound();
}
cout << "\nTotal cost of the band is: $" ;
//Get total cost of all instruments
for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i ++)
{
total = band[i]->getCost() + total;
}
cout << total << endl;
//printInstrumentDetail(band); <--Problem
return 0;
}
Here's the base class:
#ifndef INSTRUMENTS_H
#define INSTRUMENTS_H
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Instruments
{
public:
Instruments(string, double);
void setName(string);
virtual string getName();
void setCost(double);
virtual double getCost();
virtual void print();
virtual void playSound();
private:
string name;
double cost;
};
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include "Instruments.h"
using namespace std;
Instruments::Instruments(string n, double c)
{
name = n;
cost = c;
}
void Instruments::setName(string n)
{
name = n;
}
string Instruments::getName()
{
return name;
}
void Instruments::setCost(double c)
{
cost = c;
}
double Instruments::getCost()
{
return cost;
}
void Instruments::print()
{
}
void Instruments::playSound()
{
//empty
}
Derived class Bass:
#ifndef BRASS_H
#define BRASS_H
#include <string>
#include "Instruments.h"
using namespace std;
class Brass : public Instruments
{
public:
Brass(string, double, double);
void setPrecisionValue(double);
double getPrecisionValue();
void print() ;
void playSound();
private:
double precision;
string sound;
};
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include "Brass.h"
using namespace std;
Brass::Brass(string n, double c, double p)
:Instruments(n, c)
{
precision = p;
}
void Brass::setPrecisionValue(double p)
{
precision = p;
}
double Brass::getPrecisionValue()
{
return precision;
}
void Brass::print()
{
cout << getPrecisionValue() << endl;
}
void Brass::playSound()
{
cout << "blowing in a mouthpiece." << endl;
Instruments::playSound();
}
Derived class Strings:
#ifndef STRINGS_H
#define STRINGS_H
#include <string>
#include "Instruments.h"
using namespace std;
class Strings : public Instruments
{
public:
Strings(string, double, int);
void setValves(int);
int getValves();
void print();
void playSound();
private:
int valves;
};
#endif
#include <iostream>
#include "Strings.h"
using namespace std;
Strings::Strings(string n, double c, int v)
:Instruments(n, c)
{
valves = v;
}
void Strings::setValves(int v)
{
valves = v;
}
int Strings::getValves()
{
return valves;
}
void Strings::print()
{
cout<< getValves() << endl;
}
void Strings::playSound()
{
cout << "striking with a bow." << endl;
Instruments::playSound();
}
Well, the problem is that your template requires a pointer:
template<typename I>
void printInstrumentDetail(const I * const a);
but you're giving it a vector, not a pointer:
vector <Instruments *> band(6);
...
printInstrumentDetail(band);
You can hack your way around this by passing a pointer to the printInstrumentDetail function, like so:
printInstrumentDetail(&band[0]);
But really, you'd be much better off modifying printInstrumentDetail to take a container or a pair of iterators:
template <typename ContainerT>
void printInstrumentDetail(const ContainerT& a)
or
template <typename IteratorT>
void printInstrumentDetail(IteratorT first, IteratorT last)
with the appropriate modifications to the definition of the function.
Pass the pointer to vector
printInstrumentDetail(&band);
and inside printInstrumentDetail
(*a)[i]->getName();
Well, first off I don't believe you can pass a vector as a const * I const at
printInstrumentDetail(band);
Vector cannot be just cast to a pointer. One working solution would be something like:
template <typename T>
void printInstrumentDetail( const std::vector<T*>& band )
{
for ( size_t i = 0; i < band.size(); ++i )
cout << "The details for " << band[i]->getName()
<< ": " << band[i]->print();
}
And there are many others, including iterators, functors, STL algorithms, etc.
You are trying to pass an object to an interface that wants a pointer.
void printInstrumentDetail(const I * const a)
Convert this to a reference.
void printInstrumentDetail(I const I& a)
But to conform to the pattern that is common in C++. You should pass the beginning and end of the sequence as parameters. ie change your function to take itertors rather than a pointer.
Instead of passing the pointer:
printInstrumentDetail(const I * const a)
you can pass the reference:
printInstrumentDetail(const I& a)
Everything else stays unchanged.
First of all, there seems to be no reason for PrintInstrumentDetail to be a template at all -- it works with pointers to the base class, and unless you're likely to have other types with getName() and print() members to which it might be applied, it can/could/should just work with pointers to the base class.
Second, I'd think hard about changing how you do the job. Instead of a member function in each Instrument, and PrintInstrumentDetail to loop over all the instruments, I'd think hard about defining operator<< for Instrument, and using a standard algorithm to print out the details.
Looking at it, I think a few other things should change as well. First of all, unless you're dealing with really unusual instruments, the number of valves on a brass instrument is fixed forever -- so it should NOT have a SetValve() member. Rather, the number of valves should be set during construction, but not be open to change afterwards.
String instruments don't have valves at all (at least most normal ones don't), so they shouldn't have SetValves(), GetValves(), or anything else related to valves.
Likewise, unless you're doing something pretty unusual, the cost of an instrument can never change -- you paid what you paid, so the cost should be set during construction, and not open to later alteration.
Edit: one other thing: instead of hard-coding 6 everywhere, use band.size() to loop over all the instruments in the band.

Array class in C++: How to use one method in another

I have a class for performing various array operations. I like to use my insert method in my populate method.
Can someone guide me on that? Here is the code:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
const int MAX=5;
class array
{
private:
int arr[MAX];
public:
void insert(int pos, int num);
void populate(int[]);
void del(int pos);
void reverse();
void display();
void search(int num);
};
void array::populate(int a[])
{
for (int i=0;i<MAX;i++)
{
arr[i]=a[i];
}
}
void array::insert(int pos, int num)
{
for (int i=MAX-1;i>=pos;i--)
{
arr[i] = arr[i-1];
arr[i]=num;
}
}
void array::del(int pos)
{
for (int i=pos;i<MAX;i++)
{
arr[pos]=arr[pos + 1];
}
}
void array::display()
{
for (int i=0;i<MAX;i++)
cout<<arr[i];
}
void array::search(int num)
{
for (int i=0;i<MAX;i++)
{
if (arr[i]==num)
{
cout<<"\n"<<num<<" found at index "<<i;
break;
}
if (i==MAX)
{
cout<<num <<" does not exist!";
}
}
}
int main()
{
array a;
for (int j=0;j<MAX;j++)
{
a.insert(j,j);
}
a.populate(a);
a.insert(2,7);
a.display();
a.search(44);
system("pause");
}
I like to use my insert method in my
populate method. Can someone guide me
on that?
That would mean that instead of the straightforward and efficient "copy from one array to another" approach, you'd call insert for each value of the input with the correct index in place of the assignment.
To call a method on the current instance, from inside a method:
insert(x, y);
//or
this->insert(x, y);
Your code also contains an error, in that you pass a wrong type to populate in main. It expect int* (a real array), not an array object.
Please elaborate your question. If you just need a good container have a look at the STL (Standard Template Library) std::vector. It's part of the C++ standard and comes with your compiler.
If you want to learn how to write a custom class, please try to be more precise in your question.
Also consider the wealth of beginner tutorials available on the net, for example:
http://www.learncpp.com/
Here is a little example on how to write a custom class with one member function calling the other and accessing a private data member (note that inside a member function you can refer to any other member directly):
#include <iostream>
class Example
{
private:
int some_private_stuff;
public:
Example();
void function_a();
void function_b();
};
Example::Example(){
some_private_stuff = 1;
}
void Example::function_a(){
std::cout << "this is function a" << std::endl;
some_private_stuff = 2;
std::cout << "changed private_stuff to " << some_private_stuff << std::endl;
}
void Example::function_b(){
std::cout << "this is function b" << std::endl;
function_a();
}
int main() {
Example e;
e.function_b();
return 0;
}