I just started to learn windows app development in c++ and I found some program code on Microsoft docs that all it should do is open simple window. I tried to build it on visual studio and it was built but it didn't run. And when I tried to compile and run it with the local debugger I got some error that I have no idea what is it about. I'd like to get some help with it.
Here is the code and the error message.
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
// Register the window class.
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
// Create the window.
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0, // Optional window styles.
CLASS_NAME, // Window class
L"Learn to Program Windows", // Window text
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // Window style
// Size and position
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, // Parent window
NULL, // Menu
hInstance, // Instance handle
NULL // Additional application data
);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
// Run the message loop.
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW+1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
Related
I am new to using international languages in my win32 program in C++. I have a simple window created with an edit field inside. I want to set a chinese hardcoded text into the edit field. I am using SetWindowText but the output has only question marks and | character. What am I missing? My code file is pasted below. I have tried WM_SETTEXT but no luck.
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
#include <iostream>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
// Register the window class.
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
// Create the window.
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0, // Optional window styles.
CLASS_NAME, // Window class
L"Learn to Program Windows", // Window text
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // Window style
// Size and position
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, // Parent window
NULL, // Menu
hInstance, // Instance handle
NULL // Additional application data
);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
HWND edit = CreateWindowEx(0, L"Edit", L"", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER, 0, 0, 200, 50, hwnd, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
SetWindowTextW(edit, L"銷售回扣");
//SendMessage(edit, WM_SETTEXT, 0, (LPARAM)(L"銷售回扣"));
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
// Run the message loop.
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
// All painting occurs here, between BeginPaint and EndPaint.
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW+1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
so I'm a bit new to c++/windows.h programming and I am in the middle of learning basic functions like how to create a window....and I tried to run this code (in visual studio 2022)that was in microsoft as sort of an example code but it still wouldn't compile giving the error -
Error LNK2019 unresolved external symbol main referenced in function "int __cdecl invoke_main(void)" (?invoke_main##YAHXZ) MSVCRTD.lib(exe_main.obj)
Here is the code I tried to run (its an unchanged example from microsoft of how to make a window)-
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
// Register the window class.
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
// Create the window.
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0, // Optional window styles.
CLASS_NAME, // Window class
L"Learn to Program Windows", // Window text
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // Window style
// Size and position
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, // Parent window
NULL, // Menu
hInstance, // Instance handle
NULL // Additional application data
);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
// Run the message loop.
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
I'd like to know how to fix this....thanx in advance
Create a new project-> Windows Desktop Wizard->Desktop Application.
Check Empty Project.
Add a new cpp file and copy your code.
Here's a simple Win32 Application that I copied from the official MSDN docs (link):
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
// Register the window class.
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
// Create the window.
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0, // Optional window styles.
CLASS_NAME, // Window class
L"Learn to Program Windows", // Window text
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // Window style
// Size and position
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, // Parent window
NULL, // Menu
hInstance, // Instance handle
NULL // Additional application data
);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
// Run the message loop.
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH) (COLOR_DESKTOP+1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
The only difference is I used COLOR_DESKTOP instead of COLOR_WINDOW in FillRect() (this problem occurs in both the cases).
Whenever I resize the window, the bottom border keeps disappearing and then reappearing as I resize it further. Can anyone tell what's happening?
Here's GIF to show the bottom border disappearing when resizing:
I suggest you could try to enable DPI awareness: Property -> Manifest Tool ->Input and Output -> DPI Awareness.
I Was working on a win32 project which uses the WM_MOVING message from WndProc to detect the new position where window is moved. but when i try to snap the window to left side the LPARAM gives wrong values for just a millisecond and gives the real value after that.
Please have a look into the output:
Left: 0, Right:683
Left: -205, Right:295
Left: 0, Right:683
Left: -205, Right:295
Left: 0, Right:683
Left: -205, Right:295
The real output is -205 but in between I get zero which cause the content of my window to flicker. In my case the position of the content is depend on the window position, so it causes flicker if I receive a wrong value.
Here is what i am trying to achieve : Manually creating acrylic effect
When ever I move the window in this mode (just before the aero snap mode) the value will get changed to zero.
This is only affecting The Top and Left coordinates of the window and also flickers when aero snapping to any sides.
Here is a simple reproduceable example:
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
RECT* hostRect;
char buffer[200];
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0,CLASS_NAME,L"Learn to Program Windows",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_MOVING:
{
hostRect = reinterpret_cast<RECT*>(lParam);
sprintf_s(buffer, "Left: %d, Top:%d, Right:%d, Bottom:%d\n", hostRect->left, hostRect->top, hostRect->right, hostRect->bottom);
OutputDebugStringA(buffer);
}
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
Run this program and check the value in output while you move the window to any side for aero snap.
Note: In my case i will not be able to use GetWindowRect() in WM_MOVING, because calling GetWindowRect() slow down the render() function (just a directx painting) in my window.
You can try to make temporary changes to the style of the window.
Here is an example:
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define WM_RESTOREORIGINALSTYLE WM_USER + 1
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
RECT* hostRect;
char buffer[200];
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(0, CLASS_NAME, L"Learn to Program Windows", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_MOVING:
{
hostRect = reinterpret_cast<RECT*>(lParam);
sprintf_s(buffer, "Left: %d, Top:%d, Right:%d, Bottom:%d\n", hostRect->left, hostRect->top, hostRect->right, hostRect->bottom);
OutputDebugStringA(buffer);
break;
}
case WM_SYSCOMMAND:
{
if (wParam == (SC_MOVE | 2)) wParam = SC_SIZE | 9;
if ((wParam & 0xFFE0) == SC_SIZE && (wParam & 0x000F)) // handles MOVE and SIZE in one "if"
{
long int oldStyle = GetWindowLongW(hwnd, GWL_STYLE);
PostMessageW(hwnd, WM_RESTOREORIGINALSTYLE, GWL_STYLE, oldStyle);
SetWindowLongW(hwnd, GWL_STYLE, oldStyle & 0xFEFEFFFF); // disable WS_MAXIMIZE and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
DefWindowProcW(hwnd, WM_SYSCOMMAND, wParam, lParam);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, WM_SYSCOMMAND, wParam, lParam);
}
case WM_RESTOREORIGINALSTYLE:
{
if ((long int)wParam == GWL_STYLE)
SetWindowLongW(hwnd, GWL_STYLE, lParam);
return 0;
}
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
More reference : Win32 prevent window “snap”
#ifndef UNICODE
#define UNICODE
#endif
#include <windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Sample Window Class";
WNDCLASS wc = { };
wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
RegisterClass(&wc);
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
0,
CLASS_NAME,
L"Learn to Program Windows",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL
);
if (hwnd == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
MSG msg = { };
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
{
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW+1));
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
}
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
This is the code, which is also the standard example you can find in the microsoft website that teach people how to program windows.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff381409(v=vs.85).aspx
The problem I receive is the following whenever I try to compile this code in codeblocks.
undefined reference to 'WinMain#16'
What is that and what can I do to compile and run this piece of code?
It seems strange to me that WinMain is called wWinMain: evidently you need a function called WinMain.
Oh, wait, you are using codeblocks? Probably wWinMain is specific of visual studio. Codeblocks wants the standard WinMain.