I'm trying to solve a problem on a competitive programming book where the output only appears after entering in the last input. I seem to have gotten the logic down but I'm still confuse as to how to do the input/output portion.
Here is the code:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
int main()
{
std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
std::cin.tie(NULL);
std::vector<int>soundex;
std::string word;
for(int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++)
{
if (word[i] == 'B'|| word[i] == 'F' || word[i] == 'P' || word[i] == 'V')
{
soundex.push_back(1);
}
if (word[i] == 'C' || word[i] == 'G' || word[i] == 'J' || word[i] == 'K' || word[i] == 'Q' || word[i] == 'S' || word[i] == 'X' || word[i] == 'Z')
{
soundex.push_back(2);
}
if (word[i] == 'D' || word[i] == 'T')
{
soundex.push_back(3);
}
if (word[i] == 'L')
{
soundex.push_back(4);
}
if (word[i] == 'M' || word[i] == 'N')
{
soundex.push_back(5);
}
if (word[i] == 'R')
{
soundex.push_back(6);
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < soundex.size(); j++)
{
if (soundex[j] == soundex[j+1])
{
soundex.erase(soundex.begin() + 1);
}
std::cout << soundex[j];
}
std::cout << "\n";
return 0;
}
It behaves like this:
Input:
KHAWN
Output:
25
Input:
PFISTER
Output:
1236
Input:
BOBBY
Output:
11
But I need it to behave like this, per the instructions of the problem:
Input:
KHAWN
PFISTER
BOBBY
Output:
25
1236
11
Use while(cin >> word){ ... your code ... } to read until EOF (End Of File) in case every line only contains a word (no spaces allowed). You can keep the output as it is.
Related
Basically I have to encode a name into a Soundex Code. The helper functions I implemented do the following:
Discard all non-letter characters from the surname: dashes, spaces, apostrophes, and so on.
Encode each letter as a digit
Coalesce adjacent duplicate digits from the code (e.g. 222025 becomes 2025).
Replace the first digit of the code with the first letter of the original name, converting to uppercase.
Remove all zeros from the code.
Make the code exactly length 4 by padding with zeros or truncating the excess.
Excuse the implementation of the helper functions, I know they could be implemented better. But when I manually pass the output from one function to another I see that the result is what I want. It's only when I combine them all into one function that I see that the output I pass is as if I didn't modify the input I passed at all. I believe my issue might have to do with passing by reference but doing that for all my functions made no difference or gave an incorrect output.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
string removeNonLetters(string s) {
string result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
if (isalpha(s[i])) {
result += s[i];
}
}
return result;
}
string encode(string name) {
std::transform(name.begin(), name.end(), name.begin(), ::toupper);
string encoded = "";
for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); ++i) {
if (name[i] == 'A' || name[i] == 'E' || name[i] == 'I' || name[i] == 'O' || name[i] == 'U' || name[i] == 'H' || name[i] == 'W' || name[i] == 'Y')
encoded += '0';
else if (name[i] == 'B' || name[i] == 'F' || name[i] == 'P' || name[i] == 'V')
encoded += '1';
else if (name[i] == 'C' || name[i] == 'G' || name[i] == 'J' || name[i] == 'K' || name[i] == 'Q' || name[i] == 'S' || name[i] == 'X' || name[i] == 'Z')
encoded += '2';
else if (name[i] == 'D' || name[i] == 'T')
encoded += '3';
else if (name[i] == 'L')
encoded += '4';
else if (name[i] == 'M' || name[i] == 'N')
encoded += '5';
else if (name[i] == 'R')
encoded += '6';
}
return encoded;
}
string removeDuplicate(string encoded) {
for (int i = 0; i < encoded.size(); ++i) {
if (encoded[i] == encoded[i+1])
encoded[i] = '\0';
}
return encoded;
}
string removeZeros(string digits) {
for (int i = 0; i < digits.size(); ++i) {
if (digits[i] == '0')
digits[i] = '\0';
}
return digits;
}
string padding(string output) {
int size = output.size();
if (size < 4) {
for (int i = size; i < 4; ++i)
output += '0';
}
else if (size > 4) {
for (int j = size; j > 3; --j)
output[j] = '\0';
}
return output;
}
/* TODO: Replace this comment with a descriptive function
* header comment.
*/
string soundex(string s) {
/* TODO: Fill in this function. */
string copy = s;
removeNonLetters(s);
encode(s);
removeDuplicate(s);
s[0]= copy[0];
removeZeros(s);
padding(s);
return s;
}
int main() {
string s = "Curie";
cout << soundex(s) << '\n';
// Output should be C600 but I keep getting "Curie."
}
Your functions return the adjusted strings, that's good. But your calling code doesn't use the returned values!
Something like this is what you want.
string soundex(string s) {
/* TODO: Fill in this function. */
string copy = s;
s = removeNonLetters(s);
s = encode(s);
s = removeDuplicate(s);
s[0] = copy[0];
s = removeZeros(s);
s = padding(s);
return s;
}
If you want to change the value of a variable you normally use =. I'm sure you know that but for some reason you forgot because functions are involved.
So i wanted to count all the characters in a string and categorized them in vowels, consonants, and specials character. For example;
Enter string: sentence example ..
Vowels: e(5) a(1)
Consonants: s(1) n(1) t(1) c(1) x(1) m(1) p(1) l(1)
Specials: blank space .(2)
Here's coding:
void characterType(string input)
{
int vowel = 0;
int consonant = 0;
int special = 0;
int n = input.size();
int freq[26];
memset(freq, 0, sizeof(freq));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
freq[input[i] - 'a']++;
}
cout<<"Vowels: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
char character = input[i];
if(isalpha(character))
{
character = tolower(character);
if (character == 'a' || character == 'e' || character == 'i' || character == 'o' || character == 'u')
{
cout<<input[i]<<freq[input[i] - 'a']<<" ";
}
}
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<"Consonants: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
char character = input[i];
if(isalpha(character))
{
character = tolower(character);
if (character != 'a' || character != 'e' || character != 'i' || character != 'o' || character != 'u')
{
cout<<input[i]<<freq[input[i] - 'a']<<" ";
}
}
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<"Specials: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
char character = input[i];
if(!isalpha(character))
{
if(character == ' ')
{
cout<<"[black space]"<<freq[input[i] - 'a']<<" ";
}
else
cout<<input[i]<<freq[input[i] - 'a']<<" ";
}
}
}
And heres what ive got so far:
How do i make it not repeat the same character and why does special characters is not counting?
Since you want to do this and it's not some type of assignment, here's how I would approach the problem, using modern C++ features:
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main() {
std::map<char, std::size_t> occurrance;
std::string input{"This is A long string with lots of characters in it. AAA$#!#$!^^! "};
auto is_vowel = [] (char c) -> bool
{
auto lc = std::tolower(c);
return
c == 'a' ||
c == 'e' ||
c == 'i' ||
c == 'o' ||
c == 'u';
};
auto is_special = [] (char c) -> bool
{
// use ascii table to find only "non-special characters"
if(c < '0') return true;
if(c > '9' && c < 'A') return true;
if(c > 'Z' && c < 'a') return true;
if(c > 'z') return true;
return false;
};
auto vowels = std::count_if(
input.begin(),
input.end(),
is_vowel);
auto special = std::count_if(
input.begin(),
input.end(),
is_special);
for(auto c : input)
{
occurrance[c] += 1;
}
std::cout << "Vowels: " << vowels << '\n';
std::cout << "Special: " << special << '\n';
for(auto [c, count] : occurrance)
{
std::cout << c << " -> " << count << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
https://ideone.com/YVaDiI
This does the job, although you can make the output prettier... and take the uppercase letters into account.
void printCharWithFreq(string str)
{
int v=0, c=0, s=0;
// size of the string 'str'
int n = str.size();
// 'freq[]' implemented as hash table
int freq[SIZE];
// initialize all elements of freq[] to 0
memset(freq, 0, sizeof(freq));
// accumulate freqeuncy of each character in 'str'
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
freq[str[i] - 'a']++;
// traverse 'str' from left to right
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// if frequency of character str[i] is not
// equal to 0
if (freq[str[i] - 'a'] != 0) {
// print the character along with its
// frequency
if(str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'e' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'u' ||
str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'I' || str[i] == 'O' || str[i] == 'U')
{ cout<<"Vowel: " << str[i] << freq[str[i] - 'a'] << " "<<endl; v+=freq[str[i] - 'a']; }
else if(str[i] == ' ' || str[i] == '.')
{ cout<<"Specials"<<endl; s++; }
else
{ cout<<"Consonant: " << str[i] << freq[str[i] - 'a'] << " "<<endl; c+=freq[str[i] - 'a']; }
// update frequency of str[i] to 0 so
// that the same character is not printed
// again
freq[str[i] - 'a'] = 0;
}
}
cout<<"Number of vowels: "<<v<<endl;
cout<<"Number of consonants: "<<c<<endl;
cout<<"Number of specials "<<s<<endl;
}
Then test it in the main function like
int main() {
string str = "some text . .";
printCharWithFreq(str);
return 0;
}
Basically, frequency is updated so it doesn't print the same character again, as it says in the comments. You also made a mistake in your code where you wrote:
character != 'a' || character != 'e' || character != 'i' || character != 'o' || character != 'u'
It is a consonant only if the input is different than ALL of the vowels, meaning you have to put &&, not ||.
As for the special characters, they can be counted with a simple counter.
The rest, I think, is clear from the comments in the code.
I adapted the code from the following source:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/print-characters-frequencies-order-occurrence/
I have seen many good code to do this problem. I am new to coding. My question is where my logic went wrong. I think that problem is with second string str1. I din't initialize it. even when I am printing element by element withing if , it is working. but it is not working, when I am trying to print whole string str1.
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello, have a good day", str1;
for (int i = 0, j =0; i < str.length(); ++i)
{
if((str[i]>='a'&& str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A'&& str[i]<='Z'))
if (str[i] == 'I' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'U' || str[i] == 'u' || str[i] == 'O' || str[i] == 'o' ||
str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'e' )
{
str1[j] = str[i];
//std::cout << str1[j] ;
j++;
}
else
{
str1[j] = str[i];
j++;
}
}
cout << str1 <<'\n';
}
output is just blank.
The first thing to do is to write a function that determines whether a character is a consonant:
bool is_not_consonant(char ch) {
static char consonants[] = "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ";
return std::find(std::begin(consonants), std::end(consonants), ch) == std::end(consonants);
}
Then use that function as a predicate to std::copy_if:
std::string result;
std::string input = whatever;
std::copy_if(std::begin(input), std::end(input),
std::back_inserter(result),
is_not_consonant);
Explanation
The problem is that you don't need the else condition. All you need to do is check for a vowel, and print if found which is rightly covered in your if condition.
Code
Try this:
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str = "Hello, have a good day", str1;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i)
{
if((str[i]>='a'&& str[i]<='z') || (str[i]>='A'&& str[i]<='Z'))
if (str[i] == 'I' || str[i] == 'i' || str[i] == 'U' || str[i] == 'u' || str[i] == 'O' || str[i] == 'o' || str[i] == 'A' || str[i] == 'a' || str[i] == 'E' || str[i] == 'e' )
{
str1 += str[i];
}
}
cout << str1 <<'\n';
}
Trying to make an else statement that get rid of all other letter and spaces then the ones i want. This function is to change user inputted letters into other letters
using namespace std;
void dna_to_rna(char rna[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (rna[i] == 'a' || rna[i] == 'A')
rna[i] = 'U';
else if (rna[i] == 'c' || rna[i] == 'C')
rna[i] = 'G';
else if (rna[i] == 'g' || rna[i] == 'G')
rna[i] = 'C';
else if (rna[i] == 't' || rna[i] == 'T')
rna[i] = 'A';
}
What should the else statement look like in order to drop all other chars?
If the input parameter can be changed to std::string, then you can use one of the following implementation:
void dna_to_rna(std::string& rna)
{
auto it = rna.begin();
while (it != rna.end())
{
if (*it == 'a' || *it == 'A') *it = 'U';
else if (*it == 'c' || *it == 'C') *it = 'G';
else if (*it == 'g' || *it == 'G') *it = 'C';
else if (*it == 't' || *it == 'T') *it = 'A';
else
{
it = rna.erase(it);
continue; // it already "points" to the next element
}
++it;
}
}
std::string dna_to_rna(const std::string& dna)
{
std::string rna;
for (auto c : dna)
{
if (c == 'a' || c == 'A') rna += 'U';
else if (c == 'c' || c == 'C') rna += 'G';
else if (c == 'g' || c == 'G') rna += 'C';
else if (c == 't' || c == 'T') rna += 'A';
}
return rna;
}
Maybe like this:
using namespace std;
void dna_to_rna(char rna[])
{
string s = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (rna[i] == 'a' || rna[i] == 'A')
s += 'U';
else if (rna[i] == 'c' || rna[i] == 'C')
s += 'G';
else if (rna[i] == 'g' || rna[i] == 'G')
s += 'C';
else if (rna[i] == 't' || rna[i] == 'T')
s += 'A';
}
strcpy(rna, s.c_str());
}
The idea is simply to use a std::string as a temporary buffer. The string is empty to start with. Then you add the characters you want one-by-one. When done with the loop, copy the content of the std::string back to the rna-array.
To make you code much simpler, and easier to read:
using namespace std;
void dna_to_rna(char rna[]) {
int arrLength = sizeof(rna)/sizeof(rna[0]); // Get size of array
for (int i = 0; i < arrLength; i++){
if (toupper(rna[i]) == 'A'){
rna[i] = 'U';
}
else if (toupper(rna[i]) == 'C') {
rna[i] = 'G';
}
else if (toupper(rna[i]) == 'G'){
rna[i] = 'C';
}
else if (toupper(rna[i]) == 'T'){
rna[i] = 'A';
}
}
}
I created a second array and as long as the information that I was looking for met the criteria that was necessary I placed it into the second array making sure that the position that I was placing it in the array was always in the right spot by creating a second variable that would count the the proper position in the array then just cout array
using namespace std;
void dna_to_rna(char rna[])
{
int x = 0;
char newrna[100];
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (rna[i] == 'a' || rna[i] == 'A')
{
newrna[x] = 'U';
x++;
}
else if (rna[i] == 'c' || rna[i] == 'C')
{
newrna[x] = 'G';
x++;
}
else if (rna[i] == 'g' || rna[i] == 'G')
{
newrna[x] = 'C';
x++;
}
else if (rna[i] == 't' || rna[i] == 'T')
{
newrna[x] = 'A';
x++;
}
}
This question already has answers here:
How to define member array size at runtime
(3 answers)
Closed 6 years ago.
I was trying to make a simple program that counts the number of vowels and consonants the user's name has. The size of the array is dependent on how many letters does the user's name has. I'm using queue to display the letters. When ever I run the program, the .Exe file crashes. So I tried to change the array size to a number instead of a variable and it worked. The problem is in using a variable for the size of the array, I think. Is there anyway to fix it? So that I can still use a variable for the size of my array. Here is my code
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i;
char bin[i];
queue<char> name;
int v = 0, c = 0;
cout << "how many letters does your name have?:";
cin >> i;
cout << "Enter the letters of your name one by one:\n";
do {
for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
cout << " ";
cin >> bin[k];
name.push(bin[k]);
if (bin[k] == 'a' || bin[k] == 'A') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'e' || bin[k] == 'E') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'i' || bin[k] == 'I') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'o' || bin[k] == 'O') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'u' || bin[k] == 'U') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'b' || bin[k] == 'B') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'c' || bin[k] == 'C') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'i' || bin[k] == 'D') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'f' || bin[k] == 'F') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'g' || bin[k] == 'G') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'h' || bin[k] == 'H') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'j' || bin[k] == 'J') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'k' || bin[k] == 'K') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'l' || bin[k] == 'L') {
v++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'm' || bin[k] == 'M') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'n' || bin[k] == 'N') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'P' || bin[k] == 'p') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'q' || bin[k] == 'Q') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'r' || bin[k] == 'R') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 's' || bin[k] == 'S') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 't' || bin[k] == 'T') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'v' || bin[k] == 'V') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'w' || bin[k] == 'W') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'x' || bin[k] == 'X') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'y' || bin[k] == 'Y') {
c++;
}
if (bin[k] == 'z' || bin[k] == 'Z') {
c++;
}
}
} while (bin[100] != '1');
cout << "\n\nYour name is:\n";
for (queue<char> run = name; !run.empty(); run.pop()) {
cout << " " << run.front() << endl;
}
cout << "\nVowels= " << v;
cout << "\nConsonants= " << c << "\n";
cout << "\n\n\n\n";
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
Your code has undefined behavior. int i; creates an uninitialized int named i. Then you use the uninitialized garbage variable in char bin[i];. So now we have an array with undefined size.
At this point we can't go any further. Once undefined behavior is invoked we can no longer reason how the code should work. If you need an array and you are not going to know what the size is until run time then you should use a std::vector and push_back()