Related
500x500 grid with 1000 sub Divisions:
Just one question.
Why is this happening ?
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include "glm/glm.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp"
#include "GameEngine.hpp"
#include "ShaderProgram.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#include "Mesh.h"
const char *title = "Terrain";
GameEngine engine;
OrbitCamera orbitCamera;
float gYaw = 0.0f;
float gPitch = 1.0f;
float gRadius = 200.0f;
const float MOUSE_SENSTIVITY = 0.25f;
bool gWireFrame = false;
void glfw_onKey(GLFWwindow *window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode);
void glfw_onMouseMove(GLFWwindow *window, double posX, double posY);
void glfw_onMouseScroll(GLFWwindow *window, double deltaX, double deltaY);
int main()
{
if (!engine.init(1024, 768, title))
{
std::cerr << "OpenGL init failed" << std::endl;
std::cin.get();
return -1;
}
//set callbacks
glfwSetKeyCallback(engine.getWindow(), glfw_onKey);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(engine.getWindow(), glfw_onMouseMove);
std::vector<Vertex> VER;
std::vector<glm::vec3> verts;
std::vector<unsigned int> indices;
std::vector<glm::vec3> norms;
int subDiv = 1000;
int width = 500;
int height = 500;
int size = 0;
for (int row = 0; row < subDiv; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < subDiv; col++)
{
float x = (float)((col * width) / subDiv - (width / 2.0));
float z = ((subDiv - row) * height) / subDiv - (height / 2.0);
glm::vec3 pos = glm::vec3(x, 0, z);
verts.push_back(pos);
}
}
size = subDiv * subDiv;
size = verts.size();
for (int row = 0; row < subDiv -1 ; row++)
{
for (int col = 0; col < subDiv -1; col++)
{
int row1 = row * (subDiv);
int row2 = (row+1) * (subDiv);
indices.push_back(row1+col);
indices.push_back(row1+col+1);
indices.push_back( row2+col+1);
indices.push_back(row1+col);
indices.push_back( row2+col+1);
indices.push_back(row2+col);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < verts.size(); i++)
{
Vertex vertex;
vertex.position = verts[i];
vertex.normal = glm::vec3(0, 0, 0);
vertex.texCoords = glm::vec2(0, 0);
VER.push_back(vertex);
}
VER.begin();
for (int i = 0; i < indices.size(); i += 3)
{
Vertex a = VER[indices[i]];
Vertex b = VER[indices[i + 1]];
Vertex c = VER[indices[i + 2]];
glm::vec3 p = glm::cross(b.position - a.position, c.position - a.position);
VER[indices[i]].normal += p;
VER[indices[i + 1]].normal += p;
VER[indices[i + 2]].normal += p;
}
for (int i = 0; i < VER.size(); i++)
{
VER[i].normal = glm::normalize(VER[i].normal);
}
glm::vec3 cubePos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f);
GLuint vbo, vao, ibo;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VER.size() * sizeof(Vertex), &VER[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// Vertex Positions
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// Normals attribute
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
// Vertex Texture Coords
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
int n = indices.size() * sizeof(unsigned int);
glGenBuffers(1, &ibo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.size() * sizeof(unsigned int), &indices[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
ShaderProgram shaderProgram;
shaderProgram.loadShaders("shaders/vert.glsl", "shaders/frag.glsl");
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(engine.getWindow()))
{
glfwPollEvents();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glm::mat4 model, view, projection;
model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
orbitCamera.setLookAt(glm::vec3(0, 0, 0));
orbitCamera.rotate(gYaw, gPitch);
orbitCamera.setRadius(gRadius);
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0, 0, 0));
//model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(1, 0, 1));
//model = scaleMat;
projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), (float)engine.getWidth() / (float)engine.getHeight(), 0.00001f, 100.0f);
shaderProgram.use();
glm::vec3 viewPos;
viewPos.x = orbitCamera.getPosition().x;
viewPos.y = orbitCamera.getPosition().y;
viewPos.z = orbitCamera.getPosition().z;
shaderProgram.setUniform("projection", projection);
shaderProgram.setUniform("view", orbitCamera.getViewMatrix());
shaderProgram.setUniform("model", model);
shaderProgram.setUniform("lightPos", glm::vec3(5, 10, 10));
shaderProgram.setUniform("viewPos", viewPos);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,indices.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, VER.size());
glBindVertexArray(0);
glfwSwapBuffers(engine.getWindow());
}
//cleanup
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
void glfw_onKey(GLFWwindow *window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
{
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}
if (key == GLFW_KEY_E && action == GLFW_PRESS)
{
gWireFrame = !gWireFrame;
if (gWireFrame)
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
else
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
}
}
void glfw_onMouseMove(GLFWwindow *window, double posX, double posY)
{
static glm::vec2 lastMousePos = glm::vec2(0, 0);
if (glfwGetMouseButton(engine.getWindow(), GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT) == 1)
{
gYaw -= ((float)posX - lastMousePos.x) * MOUSE_SENSTIVITY;
gPitch += ((float)posY - lastMousePos.y) * MOUSE_SENSTIVITY;
}
if (glfwGetMouseButton(engine.getWindow(), GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_RIGHT) == 1)
{
float dx = 0.01f * ((float)posX - lastMousePos.x);
float dy = 0.01f * ((float)posY - lastMousePos.y);
gRadius += dx - dy;
}
lastMousePos.x = (float)posX;
lastMousePos.y = (float)posY;
}
This is the main code. Rest is just basic initializing code, nothing fancy.
I've tried changing the swapinterval but that doesn't seems to be the problem.
I can share code for the other classes if anyone wants to take a look. And I've also tried lowering the sub divisions.
Edit*
After increasing the value of far plane to 8000:
Still not crisp.
the edit with second image is telling you what is happening ... if tampering with znear/zfar changes output like that it means your depth buffer has low bitwidth to the range you want to use...
However increasing zfar should make things worse (you just for some reason don't see it maybe its cut off or some weird math accuracy singularity).
for me its usual to select the planes so:
zfar/znear < (2^depth_buffer_bitwidth)/2
check you depth_buffer_bitwidth
Try to use 24 bits (you might have 16 bits right now). That should work on all gfx cards these days. You can try 32 bits too but that will work only on newer cards. I am using this code to get the max I can:
What is the proper OpenGL initialisation on Intel HD 3000?
However you are using GLFW so you need to find how to do it in it ... probably there is some hint for this in it ...
increase znear as much as you can
tampering znear has much much more impact than zfar...
Use linear depth buffer
this is the best option for large depth range views like terrains that covers stuf in whole depth view range. See:
How to correctly linearize depth in OpenGL ES in iOS?
however you need shaders and new api for this... I do not think this is doable in old api but luckily you are on new api already ...
if none of above is enough
You can stack up more frustrums together at a cost of multiple rendering of the same geometry. for more info see:
Is it possible to make realistic n-body solar system simulation in matter of size and mass?
How do you initialize OpenGL?
Are you using GL_BLEND?
Using blending is nice to get anti-aliased polygon edges, however it also means your z-buffer gets updated even when a very translucent fragment is drawn. This prevents other opaque fragments with the same z-depth from being drawn, which might be what is causing those holes. You could try disabling GL_BLEND to see if the issue goes away.
What depth function are you using?
By default it is set to GL_LESS. You might want to try glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); So fragments with the same z-depth will be drawn. However, due to rounding errors this might not solve your problem entirely.
I'm brand new to OpenGL and am having some difficulty rendering multiple objects.
I have a vector each of which has its own VertexBuffer. Then, in the while loop I draw each shape on its own.
It's all well and good when I have many of the same objects (multiple cubes etc.) however, when I add a triangle mesh everything gets all out of whack.
I can have many cubes
I can have a single triangle mesh:
But, when I try to have a cube and then a triangle mesh I get:
I'm totally at a loss for what's going on. The code for my loop is provided below.
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// Get the size of the window
int width, height;
glfwGetWindowSize(window, &width, &height);
float aspect_ratio = 1 * float(height)/float(width); // corresponds to the necessary width scaling
double xpos, ypos;
glfwGetCursorPos(window, &xpos, &ypos);
// Clear the framebuffer
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Enable depth test
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glUniform3f(program.uniform("triangleColor"), 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glUniformMatrix4fv(program.uniform("proj"), 1, GL_FALSE, projection.data());
glUniformMatrix4fv(program.uniform("view"), 1, GL_FALSE, view.data());
int tally = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < surfaces.size(); i++) {
Surface *s = surfaces[i];
Vector3f color = s->getColor();
int tempIndex = triangleIndex;
Matrix4f model = s->getModel();
// Convert screen position to world coordinates
double xworld = ((xpos/double(width))*2)-1;
double yworld = (((height-1-ypos)/double(height))*2)-1; // NOTE: y axis is flipped in glfw
if (isPressed && mode == "translate") {
if(tempIndex == i) {
Vector4f center = s->getCenter() + model.col(3);
Vector4f displacement = Vector4f(xworld, yworld, 0, 1) - center;
Matrix4f translation = translateMatrix(displacement(0), displacement(1), displacement(2));
model = translation * s->getModel();
s->setModel(model);
}
}
glUniform3f(program.uniform("triangleColor"), color(0), color(1), color(2));
glUniformMatrix4fv(program.uniform("model"), 1, GL_FALSE, model.data());
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, s->getVertices().size());
}
And I initialize each VBO when making the object as
VertexBufferObject VBO;
VBO.init();
VBO.update(Vertices);
program.bindVertexAttribArray("position", VBO);
Surface* s = new Surface(VBO, Vertices, percentScale, 0, transformedCenter, SmoothNormals, FlatNormals, color);
s->setModel(model);
surfaces.push_back(s);
And where Program::bindVertexAttribArray is defined as
GLint Program::bindVertexAttribArray(
const std::string &name, VertexBufferObject& VBO) const
{
GLint id = attrib(name);
if (id < 0)
return id;
if (VBO.id == 0)
{
glDisableVertexAttribArray(id);
return id;
}
VBO.bind();
glEnableVertexAttribArray(id);
glVertexAttribPointer(id, VBO.rows, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
check_gl_error();
return id;
}
You're not binding any buffers before the draw call. You're probably simply drawing whatever buffer you last bound when you initialised them. You'll need something like this at the end of your loop before glDrawArrays:
...
program.bindVertexAttribArray("position", VBO); // where VBO is the buffer of surface s
glUniform3f(program.uniform("triangleColor"), color(0), color(1), color(2));
glUniformMatrix4fv(program.uniform("model"), 1, GL_FALSE, model.data());
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, s->getVertices().size());
my OpenGL version is 4.0. I would like to draw a sphere through latitude and longitude. I use this method:
x=ρsinϕcosθ
y=ρsinϕsinθ
z=ρcosϕ
This is a part of my code:
glm::vec3 buffer[1000];
glm::vec3 outer;
buffercount = 1000;
float section = 10.0f;
GLfloat alpha, beta;
int index = 0;
for (alpha = 0.0 ; alpha <= PI; alpha += PI/section)
{
for (beta = 0.0 ; beta <= 2* PI; beta += PI/section)
{
outer.x = radius*cos(beta)*sin(alpha);
outer.y = radius*sin(beta)*sin(alpha);
outer.z = radius*cos(alpha);
buffer[index] = outer;
index = index +1;
}
}
GLuint sphereVBO, sphereVAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &sphereVAO);
glGenBuffers(1,&sphereVBO);
glBindVertexArray(sphereVAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sphereVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(glm::vec3) *buffercount ,&buffer[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
...
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
...
...
for (GLuint i = 0; i < buffercount; i++)
{
...
...
glm::mat4 model;
model = glm::translate(model, buffer[i]);
GLfloat angle = 10.0f * i;
model = glm::rotate(model, angle, glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelMat, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
}
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 900);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
if section = 5, the performance is like this:
if section = 20. the performance is like this:
I think that I might have logic problem in my code. I am struggle in this problem...
-----update-----
I edited my code, It doesn't have any error, but I got a blank screen. I guess that something wrong in my vertex shader. I might pass wrong variables to vertex sheder. Please help me.
gluperspective is deprecated in my OpenGL 4.1
I switch to :
float aspect=float(4.0f)/float(3.0f);
glm::mat4 projection_matrix = glm::perspective(60.0f/aspect,aspect,0.1f,100.0f);
It shows that this error: constant expression evaluates to -1 which cannot be narrowed to type 'GLuint'(aka 'unsigned int')
GLuint sphere_vbo[4]={-1,-1,-1,-1};
GLuint sphere_vao[4]={-1,-1,-1,-1};
I'm not sure how to revise it...I switch to:
GLuint sphere_vbo[4]={1,1,1,1};
GLuint sphere_vao[4]={1,1,1,1};
I put Spektre's code in spherer.h file
This is a part of my main.cpp file:
...
...
Shader shader("basic.vert", "basic.frag");
sphere_init();
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glfwPollEvents();
glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
shader.Use();
GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(shader.Program, "MVP");
GLfloat radius = 10.0f;
GLfloat camX = sin(glfwGetTime()) * radius;
GLfloat camZ = cos(glfwGetTime()) * radius;
// view matrix
glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(camX, 0.0, camZ), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
glm::mat4 view_matrix = view;
// projection matrix
float aspect=float(4.0f)/float(3.0f);
glm::mat4 projection_matrix = glm::perspective(60.0f/aspect,aspect,0.1f,100.0f);
// model matrix
glm::mat4 model_matrix = glm::mat4(1.0f);// identity
//ModelViewProjection
glm::mat4 model_view_projection = projection_matrix * view_matrix * model_matrix;
glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &model_view_projection[0][0]);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-10.0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
sphere_draw();
glFlush();
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
sphere_exit();
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
This is my vertex shader file:
#version 410 core
uniform mat4 MVP;
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
out vec4 vertexColor;
void main()
{
gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1);
vertexColor = vec4(0, 1, 0, 1.0);
}
I added error-check function get_log in my shader.h file.
...
...
vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
glCompileShader(vertex);
checkCompileErrors(vertex, "VERTEX");
get_log(vertex);
...
...
void get_log(GLuint shader){
GLint isCompiled = 0;
GLchar infoLog[1024];
glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &isCompiled);
if(isCompiled == GL_FALSE)
{
printf("----error--- \n");
GLint maxLength = 0;
glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 1024, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "| ERROR::::" << &infoLog << "\n| -- ------------------ --------------------------------- -- |" << std::endl;
glDeleteShader(shader); // Don't leak the shader.
}else{
printf("---no error --- \n");
}
}
I tested both fragment shader and vertex shader, it both showed ---no error---
As I mentioned in the comments you need to add indices to your mesh VAO/VBO. Not sure why GL_QUADS is not implemented on your machine that makes no sense as it is basic primitive so to make this easy to handle I use only GL_TRIANGLES which is far from ideal but what to heck ... Try this:
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int na=36; // vertex grid size
const int nb=18;
const int na3=na*3; // line in grid size
const int nn=nb*na3; // whole grid size
GLfloat sphere_pos[nn]; // vertex
GLfloat sphere_nor[nn]; // normal
//GLfloat sphere_col[nn]; // color
GLuint sphere_ix [na*(nb-1)*6]; // indices
GLuint sphere_vbo[4]={-1,-1,-1,-1};
GLuint sphere_vao[4]={-1,-1,-1,-1};
void sphere_init()
{
// generate the sphere data
GLfloat x,y,z,a,b,da,db,r=3.5;
int ia,ib,ix,iy;
da=2.0*M_PI/GLfloat(na);
db= M_PI/GLfloat(nb-1);
// [Generate sphere point data]
// spherical angles a,b covering whole sphere surface
for (ix=0,b=-0.5*M_PI,ib=0;ib<nb;ib++,b+=db)
for (a=0.0,ia=0;ia<na;ia++,a+=da,ix+=3)
{
// unit sphere
x=cos(b)*cos(a);
y=cos(b)*sin(a);
z=sin(b);
sphere_pos[ix+0]=x*r;
sphere_pos[ix+1]=y*r;
sphere_pos[ix+2]=z*r;
sphere_nor[ix+0]=x;
sphere_nor[ix+1]=y;
sphere_nor[ix+2]=z;
}
// [Generate GL_TRIANGLE indices]
for (ix=0,iy=0,ib=1;ib<nb;ib++)
{
for (ia=1;ia<na;ia++,iy++)
{
// first half of QUAD
sphere_ix[ix]=iy; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+1; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+na; ix++;
// second half of QUAD
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+na; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+1; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+na+1; ix++;
}
// first half of QUAD
sphere_ix[ix]=iy; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+1-na; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+na; ix++;
// second half of QUAD
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+na; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy-na+1; ix++;
sphere_ix[ix]=iy+1; ix++;
iy++;
}
// [VAO/VBO stuff]
GLuint i;
glGenVertexArrays(4,sphere_vao);
glGenBuffers(4,sphere_vbo);
glBindVertexArray(sphere_vao[0]);
i=0; // vertex
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sphere_vbo[i]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(sphere_pos),sphere_pos,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(i);
glVertexAttribPointer(i,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0);
i=1; // indices
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sphere_vbo[i]);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(sphere_ix),sphere_ix,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(i);
glVertexAttribPointer(i,4,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,GL_FALSE,0,0);
i=2; // normal
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sphere_vbo[i]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(sphere_nor),sphere_nor,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(i);
glVertexAttribPointer(i,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0);
/*
i=3; // color
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sphere_vbo[i]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(sphere_col),sphere_col,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(i);
glVertexAttribPointer(i,3,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,0,0);
*/
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(2);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(3);
}
void sphere_exit()
{
glDeleteVertexArrays(4,sphere_vao);
glDeleteBuffers(4,sphere_vbo);
}
void sphere_draw()
{
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glFrontFace(GL_CCW);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
glBindVertexArray(sphere_vao[0]);
// glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS,0,sizeof(sphere_pos)/sizeof(GLfloat)); // POINTS ... no indices for debug
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,sizeof(sphere_ix)/sizeof(GLuint),GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0); // indices (choose just one line not both !!!)
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void gl_draw()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
float aspect=float(xs)/float(ys);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(60.0/aspect,aspect,0.1,100.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE);
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0.0,0.0,-10.0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
sphere_draw();
glFlush();
SwapBuffers(hdc);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Usage is simple after OpenGL context is created and extensions loaded call sphere_init() before closing app call sphere_exit() (while OpenGL context is still running) and when you want to render call sphere_draw(). I make an gl_draw() example with some settings and here the preview of it:
The point is to create 2D grid of points covering whole surface of sphere (via spherical long,lat a,b angles) and then just create triangles covering whole grid...
I trying to use VAOs, VBOs and IBOs to draw a bunch of sphere over a plane. Before using these, everything was drawn as expected. After I started to use those, things got weird. I can't post my whole code here because I have 5 classes (but if necessary I can provide a link to my code), so I'll try to post what I think it's useful.
With this class I can draw a sphere:
SphereShaderProgram::SphereShaderProgram(std::string vertexShaderPath, std::string fragmentShaderPath) : ProgramManager(vertexShaderPath, fragmentShaderPath)
{
_sphereH = 20;
_sphereW = 20;
_vbo = 0;
_vao = 0;
_ibo = 0;
CreateProgram();
BuildSphere();
BuildVAO();
}
SphereShaderProgram::~SphereShaderProgram()
{
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &_vao);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &_vbo);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &_ibo);
}
void SphereShaderProgram::DrawSphere(const glm::mat4 &Projection, const glm::mat4 &ModelView)
{
_ModelViewProjection = Projection * ModelView;
_ModelView = ModelView;
Bind(); //glUseProgram
glBindVertexArray(_vao);
LoadVariables();
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, _sphereIndexes.size(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
UnBind();
}
int SphereShaderProgram::Get1DIndex(int line, int column)
{
return line * (int) _sphereH + column;
}
void SphereShaderProgram::BuildSphere()
{
for (int l = 0; l < _sphereH - 1; l++)
{
for (int c = 0; c < _sphereW - 1; c++)
{
int v1_1 = Get1DIndex(l, c);
int v2_1 = Get1DIndex(l + 1, c + 1);
int v3_1 = Get1DIndex(l + 1, c);
int v1_2 = Get1DIndex(l, c);
int v2_2 = Get1DIndex(l, c + 1);
int v3_2 = Get1DIndex(l + 1, c + 1);
_sphereIndexes.push_back(v1_1);
_sphereIndexes.push_back(v2_1);
_sphereIndexes.push_back(v3_1);
_sphereIndexes.push_back(v1_2);
_sphereIndexes.push_back(v2_2);
_sphereIndexes.push_back(v3_2);
}
}
for (int l = 0; l < _sphereH; l++)
{
for (int c = 0; c < _sphereW; c++)
{
float theta = ((float) l / (_sphereH - 1)) * (float) PI;
float phi = ((float) c / (_sphereW - 1)) * 2 * (float) PI;
float x = sin(theta) * cos(phi);
float z = sin(theta) * sin(phi);
float y = cos(theta);
_sphereCoordinates.push_back(x);
_sphereCoordinates.push_back(y);
_sphereCoordinates.push_back(z);
}
}
}
void SphereShaderProgram::BuildVAO()
{
// Generate and bind the vertex array object
glGenVertexArrays(1, &_vao);
glBindVertexArray(_vao);
// Generate and bind the vertex buffer object
glGenBuffers(1, &_vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _sphereCoordinates.size() * sizeof(float), &_sphereCoordinates[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// Generate and bind the index buffer object
glGenBuffers(1, &_ibo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, _ibo);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, _sphereIndexes.size() * sizeof(unsigned int), &_sphereIndexes[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void SphereShaderProgram::LoadUniformVariables()
{
glm::mat4 MVP = _ModelViewProjection;
glm::mat4 MV = _ModelView;
glm::mat3 N = glm::transpose(glm::inverse(glm::mat3(MV)));
glm::vec4 AC = glm::vec4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0);
glm::vec4 DC = glm::vec4(0.7, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glm::vec4 SC = glm::vec4(0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0);
glm::vec3 LP = glm::vec3(1.0, 6.0, 4.0);
// OpenGL Matrices
GLuint ModelViewProjection_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "mvpMatrix");
glUniformMatrix4fv(ModelViewProjection_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(MVP));
GLuint ModelView_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "mvMatrix");
glUniformMatrix4fv(ModelView_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(MV));
GLuint Normal_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "normalMatrix");
glUniformMatrix3fv(Normal_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(N));
// Lighting
GLuint AmbientColor_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "ambientColor");
glUniform4fv(AmbientColor_location, 1, glm::value_ptr(AC));
GLuint DiffuseColor_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "diffuseColor");
glUniform4fv(DiffuseColor_location, 1, glm::value_ptr(DC));
GLuint SpecularColor_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "specularColor");
glUniform4fv(SpecularColor_location, 1, glm::value_ptr(SC));
GLuint LightPosition_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "vLightPosition");
glUniform3fv(LightPosition_location, 1, glm::value_ptr(LP));
}
void SphereShaderProgram::LoadAtributeVariables()
{
// Vertex Attributes
GLuint VertexPosition_location = glGetAttribLocation(GetProgramID(), "vPosition");
glEnableVertexAttribArray(VertexPosition_location);
glVertexAttribPointer(VertexPosition_location, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
}
void SphereShaderProgram::LoadVariables()
{
LoadUniformVariables();
LoadAtributeVariables();
}
And with that, a plane:
PlaneShaderProgram::PlaneShaderProgram(std::string vertexShaderPath, std::string fragmentShaderPath) : ProgramManager(vertexShaderPath, fragmentShaderPath)
{
CreateProgram();
_vbo = 0;
_vao = 0;
_ibo = 0;
BuildPlane();
BuildVAO();
}
PlaneShaderProgram::~PlaneShaderProgram()
{
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &_vao);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &_vbo);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &_ibo);
}
void PlaneShaderProgram::DrawPlane(const glm::mat4 &Projection, const glm::mat4 &ModelView)
{
_ModelViewProjection = Projection * ModelView;
_ModelView = ModelView;
Bind();
glBindVertexArray(_vao);
LoadVariables();
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
UnBind();
}
void PlaneShaderProgram::BuildPlane()
{
_coordinates[0] = -1.0f;
_coordinates[1] = 0.0f;
_coordinates[2] = -1.0f;
_coordinates[3] = -1.0f;
_coordinates[4] = 0.0f;
_coordinates[5] = 1.0f;
_coordinates[6] = 1.0f;
_coordinates[7] = 0.0f;
_coordinates[8] = 1.0f;
_coordinates[9] = 1.0f;
_coordinates[10] = 0.0f;
_coordinates[11] = -1.0f;
_indexes[0] = 0;
_indexes[1] = 1;
_indexes[2] = 2;
_indexes[3] = 0;
_indexes[4] = 2;
_indexes[5] = 3;
}
void PlaneShaderProgram::BuildVAO()
{
// Generate and bind the vertex array object
glGenVertexArrays(1, &_vao);
glBindVertexArray(_vao);
// Generate and bind the vertex buffer object
glGenBuffers(1, &_vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 12 * sizeof(GLfloat), _coordinates, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// Generate and bind the index buffer object
glGenBuffers(1, &_ibo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, _ibo);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(GLuint), _indexes, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void PlaneShaderProgram::LoadUniformVariables()
{
// OpenGL Matrices
GLuint ModelViewProjection_location = glGetUniformLocation(GetProgramID(), "mvpMatrix");
glUniformMatrix4fv(ModelViewProjection_location, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(_ModelViewProjection));
}
void PlaneShaderProgram::LoadAtributeVariables()
{
// Vertex Attributes
GLuint VertexPosition_location = glGetAttribLocation(GetProgramID(), "vPosition");
glEnableVertexAttribArray(VertexPosition_location);
glVertexAttribPointer(VertexPosition_location, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
}
void PlaneShaderProgram::LoadVariables()
{
LoadUniformVariables();
LoadAtributeVariables();
}
This, on the other hand, is my main:
int main(void)
{
// Set the error callback
glfwSetErrorCallback(ErrorCallback);
// Initialize GLFW
if (!glfwInit())
{
printf("Error initializing GLFW!\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Set the GLFW window creation hints - these are optional
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4);
// Create a window and create its OpenGL context
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, "OpenGL 4 Base", NULL, NULL);
// If the window couldn't be created
if (!window)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window.\n");
glfwTerminate();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// Sets the context of the specified window on the calling thread
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
// Initialize GLEW
glewExperimental = true;
GLenum glewError = glewInit();
if (glewError != GLEW_OK)
{
printf("Error initializing GLEW! %s\n", glewGetErrorString(glewError));
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
glfwSetKeyCallback(window, KeyCallback);
glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, WindowSizeCallback);
glfwSetScrollCallback(window, ScrollCallback);
// Set the view matrix
glm::mat4 ModelView = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0.0f, 7.0f, 15.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
// Init matrix stack
glm_ModelViewMatrix.push(ModelView);
PlaneShaderProgram PlaneShaderProgram("FloorVertexShader.txt", "FloorFragShader.txt");
SphereShaderProgram SphereShaderProgram("ADSPerVertexVertexShader.txt", "ADSPerVertexFragShader.txt");
//SphereShaderProgram SphereShaderProgram = SphereShaderProgram("ADSPerPixelVertexShader.txt", "ADSPerPixelFragShader.txt");
// Set a background color
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
// 3D objects
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
float d = 2.0f;
float p0 = -10.0f + d / 2;
// Main Loop
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// Clear color buffer
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Clone current modelview matrix, which can now be modified
glm_ModelViewMatrix.push(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top());
{
//------- ModelView Transformations
// Zoom in/out
glm_ModelViewMatrix.top() = glm::translate(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top(), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, zoom));
// Rotation
glm_ModelViewMatrix.top() = glm::rotate(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top(), beta, glm::vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
glm_ModelViewMatrix.top() = glm::rotate(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top(), alpha, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
//------- Draw the plane
glm_ModelViewMatrix.push(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top());
{
glm_ModelViewMatrix.top() = glm::scale(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top(), glm::vec3(7.0f, 1.0f, 7.0f));
PlaneShaderProgram.DrawPlane(Projection, glm_ModelViewMatrix.top());
}
glm_ModelViewMatrix.pop();
//------- Draw spheres
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
glm_ModelViewMatrix.push(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top());
{
glm_ModelViewMatrix.top() = glm::scale(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top(), glm::vec3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f));
glm_ModelViewMatrix.top() = glm::translate(glm_ModelViewMatrix.top(), glm::vec3(p0 + i * d, 1.0f, p0 + j * d));
SphereShaderProgram.DrawSphere(Projection, glm_ModelViewMatrix.top());
}
glm_ModelViewMatrix.pop();
}
}
}
glm_ModelViewMatrix.pop();
// Swap buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
// Get and organize events, like keyboard and mouse input, window resizing, etc...
glfwPollEvents();
}
// Close OpenGL window and terminate GLFW
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
// Finalize and clean up GLFW
glfwTerminate();
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
Instantiating the plane and then the sphere program, I get the following result (no plane at all):
Changing the order, that is the result:
I'm trying to find a clue about what I'm missing, because I don't have any idea about what is wrong. Before using VAOs (just using glVertexAttribPointer and glDrawElements), everything was drawn correctly.
Thank you in advance.
The problem is with the placement of the glVertexAttribPointer() call. You're calling it in the LoadAtributeVariables() method, which in turn is called from the Draw*() method.
This should really be part of the VAO setup, for a couple of reasons:
It's inefficient to make the call on every redraw. This call sets up state that is part of the VAO state. That's the whole idea of using VAOs in the first place. You can set up all this state once during setup, and then only need to bind the VAO again before the draw call, which sets up all the state again with a single call.
In your case, the VBO is not bound at the time you make the call. glVertexAttribPointer() sets up the attribute to pull data from the currently bound VBO, i.e. the buffer bound as GL_ARRAY_BUFFER.
The first problem is only a performance issue. The second is the reason why your code does not work, since you do not have the correct VBO bound when glVertexAttribPointer() is called.
To fix this, you only need to move the LoadAtributeVariables() call into BuildVAO(), at this location:
// Generate and bind the vertex buffer object
glGenBuffers(1, &_vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _sphereCoordinates.size() * sizeof(float), &_sphereCoordinates[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
LoadAtributeVariables();
and remove it from where it currently is, so that it is not called before each draw call anymore.
I have successfully created a VAO which produces a triangle which can then be rotated with the mouse (with help from shaders).
My problem comes when I try to draw something else using the standard 'glBegin()' and 'glEnd()' functions. It draws successfully, but now, when I try to rotate the triangle the new drawing also rotates.
I know the problem is somehow fixed using the glUseProgram() function, but I'm not entirely sure why or where it should be added.
Here is my code (I've added it all but the main area of focus should be the display() and init() functions:
#include <GL/glew/glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include <CoreStructures\CoreStructures.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "texture_loader.h"
#include "shader_setup.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace CoreStructures;
float theta = 0.0f;
bool mDown = false;
int mouse_x, mouse_y;
GLuint myShaderProgram;
GLuint locT; // location of "T" uniform variable in myShaderProgram
GLuint locR; // location of "R" uniform variable in myShaderProgram
GLuint sunPosVBO, sunColourVBO, sunIndicesVBO, sunVAO;
// Packed vertex arrays for the star object
// 1) Position Array - Store vertices as (x,y) pairs
static GLfloat sunVertices [] = {
-0.1f, 0.7f,
0.1f, 0.7f,
0.0f, 0.55f
};
// 2) Colour Array - Store RGB values as unsigned bytes
static GLubyte sunColors [] = {
255, 0, 0, 255,
255, 255, 0, 255,
0, 255, 0, 255
};
// 4) Index Array - Store indices to star vertices - this determines the order the vertices are to be processed
static GLubyte sunVertexIndices [] = {0, 1, 2};
void setupSunVAO(void) {
glGenVertexArrays(1, &sunVAO);
glBindVertexArray(sunVAO);
// copy star vertex position data to VBO
glGenBuffers(1, &sunPosVBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sunPosVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(sunVertices), sunVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, (const GLvoid*)0);
// copy star vertex colour data to VBO
glGenBuffers(1, &sunColourVBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sunColourVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(sunColors), sunColors, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, GL_TRUE, 0, (const GLvoid*)0);
// enable position, colour buffer inputs
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
// setup star vertex index array
glGenBuffers(1, &sunIndicesVBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sunIndicesVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(sunVertexIndices), sunVertexIndices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
void report_version(void) {
int majorVersion, minorVersion;
glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION, &majorVersion);
glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION, &minorVersion);
cout << "OpenGL version " << majorVersion << "." << minorVersion << "\n\n";
}
void init(void) {
// initialise glew library
GLenum err = glewInit();
// ensure glew was initialised successfully before proceeding
if (err==GLEW_OK)
cout << "GLEW initialised okay\n";
else
cout << "GLEW could not be initialised\n";
report_version();
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
//
// setup "sun" VBO and VAO object
//
setupSunVAO();
//
// load shader program
//
myShaderProgram = setupShaders(string("Resources\\Shaders\\basic_vertex_shader.txt"), string("Resources\\Shaders\\basic_fragment_shader.txt"));
// get the index / location of the uniform variables "T" and "R" in shader program "myShaderProgram"
locT = glGetUniformLocation(myShaderProgram, "T");
locR = glGetUniformLocation(myShaderProgram, "R");
// "plug-in" shader into GPU pipeline
glUseProgram(myShaderProgram); // we're in the driving seat!!!!! Our shaders now intercept and process our vertices as part of the GPU rendering pipeline (as shown in the lecture notes)
}
// Example rendering functions - draw objects in local, or modelling coordinates
void drawSun(void) {
glBindVertexArray(sunVAO);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, (GLvoid*)0);
}
void drawShape()
{
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.6f, 0.2f);
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glVertex2f(-1.0f, -1.0f); // Left
glVertex2f(-1.0f, -0.1f);
glVertex2f(-0.9f, -0.05f);
glVertex2f(-0.55f, -0.045f);
glVertex2f(-0.49f, -0.06f);
glVertex2f(-0.4f, -0.055f);
glVertex2f(-0.2f, -0.052f);
glVertex2f(0.0f, -0.02f); // Middle
glVertex2f(0.3f, -0.085f);
glVertex2f(0.5f, -0.08f);
glVertex2f(0.8f, -0.088f);
glVertex2f(1.0f, -0.1f);
glVertex2f(1.0f, -1.0f); // Right
glEnd();
}
//
//
void drawScene()
{
drawSun();
drawShape();
}
void display(void) {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Setup translation matrix and store in T. Pass this over the the shader with the function glUniformMatrix4fv
GUMatrix4 T = GUMatrix4::translationMatrix(0.01f, 0.01f, 0.0f);
glUniformMatrix4fv(locT, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)&T);
// Setup rotation matrix and store in R. Pass this over the the shader with the function glUniformMatrix4fv
GUMatrix4 R = GUMatrix4::rotationMatrix(0.0f, 0.0f, theta);
glUniformMatrix4fv(locR, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)&R);
// Draw the scene (the above transformations will be applied to each vertex in the vertex shader)
drawScene();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void mouseButtonDown(int button_id, int state, int x, int y) {
if (button_id==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON) {
if (state==GLUT_DOWN) {
mouse_x = x;
mouse_y = y;
mDown = true;
} else if (state == GLUT_UP) {
mDown = false;
}
}
}
void mouseMove(int x, int y) {
if (mDown) {
int dx = x - mouse_x;
int dy = y - mouse_y;
float delta_theta = (float)dy * (3.142f * 0.01f);
theta += delta_theta;
mouse_x = x;
mouse_y = y;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
}
void keyDown(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {
if (key=='r') {
theta = 0.0f;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
glutInit(&argc, argv);
initCOM();
glutInitContextVersion(3, 3);
glutInitContextProfile (GLUT_COMPATIBILITY_PROFILE);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE);
glutInitWindowSize(800, 800);
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
glutCreateWindow("Combining Transforms");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyDown);
glutMouseFunc(mouseButtonDown);
glutMotionFunc(mouseMove);
init();
glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS);
glutMainLoop();
shutdownCOM();
return 0;
}
EDIT
I have an array of x,y vertices and am trying to draw them alongside the above code. For some reason this seems to take vertex data from the sunVAO.
Is there some kind of cache that needs to be cleared? I've searched google and I can't seem to find anyone else who has conflicting VAO and vertex arrays.
(Also, I have checked my code and the vertex data supplied in the array of vertices is correct, they're just not displayed correctly.)
Code:
static GLfloat bottomMarkerVertices[] = {
-0.045f, -0.75f,
0.045f, -0.75f,
-0.07f, -1.0f,
0.07f, -1.0f
};
glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, bottomMarkerVertices);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
note: vertex arrays have been enabled.
Assuming you're defining your coordinates in normalized device space (suggested by the apparent absence of a projection matrix), the rendering loop needs to look a little like this:
void drawScene()
{
//update shader parameters for the sun shader if necessary
drawSun();
glUseProgram(0);
// at this point, the PROJECTION and MODELVIEW matrices are both the identity
// so the shape is expected to be in NDCs and is not to be transformed
// at all
drawShape();
glUseProgram(progForSun);
}
Note that I don't advise to mix legacy and modern OpenGL like that. The results of vertex processing triggered by drawShape() are only defined because you're using a compatibility profile context.
The two elements of your scene move together because they are both using the same transformation matrices, specificed by these lines:
// Setup translation matrix and store in T. Pass this over the the shader with the function glUniformMatrix4fv
GUMatrix4 T = GUMatrix4::translationMatrix(0.01f, 0.01f, 0.0f);
glUniformMatrix4fv(locT, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)&T);
// Setup rotation matrix and store in R. Pass this over the the shader with the function glUniformMatrix4fv
GUMatrix4 R = GUMatrix4::rotationMatrix(0.0f, 0.0f, theta);
glUniformMatrix4fv(locR, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)&R);
If you want drawShape() not to move with the mouse, you need to reset locR with a fixed theta value before you call it.
drawSun();
GUMatrix4 R = GUMatrix4::rotationMatrix(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glUniformMatrix4fv(locR, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)&R);
drawShape();