How to define macro which correctly sets the __declspec - c++

Using Visual Studio 2017, I am trying to build my latest project which imports libraries, which in turn import methods and functions from .dll files.
When building my project, I get a list of errors like this:
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "__declspec(dllimport) void __cdecl UserTracking(void *)" (__imp_?UserTracking##YAXPEAX#Z)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __cdecl EACServer::Destroy(void)const " (?Destroy#EACServer##QEBA_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __cdecl EACServer::Initialize(void)const " (?Initialize#EACServer##QEBA_NXZ)
...
All of the functions listed are from imported libraries.
As an example, the EACServer::Initialize method is defined as so in EACServer.h:
bool Initialize() const;
In the code I am compiling, this function is used as so (the appropriate header files are imported in the .h file ofc):
this->eacServer = EACServer();
this->eacServer.Initialize();
The class definition of EACServer is basic:
class EACServer : IRoot {
...
}
I have been told that these errors are thrown because I am missing the macro which correctly sets the __declspec.
How can I find/implement this macro?

Turns out that although I added the paths to my libraries in the linker additional library directories, I had neglected to add the .lib files in the linker additional dependencies.

Related

lnk2001 error in VS trying to use the Bullet physics library

I'm new to C++, Visual Studio (2019) and Bullet (2.89).
I've been tying to build the Hello_World.cpp from Bullet for the past few days but I'm stuck on these 5 linking errors:
1>Hello_World.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall btCollisionShape::getBoundingSphere(class btVector3 &,float &)const " (?getBoundingSphere#btCollisionShape##UBEXAAVbtVector3##AAM#Z)
1>Hello_World.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual float __thiscall btCollisionShape::getAngularMotionDisc(void)const " (?getAngularMotionDisc#btCollisionShape##UBEMXZ)
1>Hello_World.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual float __thiscall btCollisionShape::getContactBreakingThreshold(float)const " (?getContactBreakingThreshold#btCollisionShape##UBEMM#Z)
1>Hello_World.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall btConvexShape::project(class btTransform const &,class btVector3 const &,float &,float &,class btVector3 &,class btVector3 &)const " (?project#btConvexShape##UBEXABVbtTransform##ABVbtVector3##AAM2AAV3#3#Z)
1>Hello_World.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall btSphereShape::calculateLocalInertia(float,class btVector3 &)const " (?calculateLocalInertia#btSphereShape##UBEXMAAVbtVector3###Z)
There are other people who had this or a similar problem but got no answer or it didn't work for me.
setup:
I used premake to set up the VS solution, Bullet is organized in static Libraries (as projects with source code that gets compiled to lib files) and I am now trying to link them with an application-project.
all projects are using static linking (for debug).
I've referenced all bullet projects to my project.
I've even staticly linked to the lib files from bullet (and the linker can apparently see these files, I even tried giving the absolute path)
As far as I can tell the functions exist and have the same signature in the .cpp and .h files
If you need more details let me know.
(One lead I possibly got is something about different bt_double_precision? But that might not be it and the only think I could find was floating point model using different precision. But making that the same didn't do anything)
Thanks in advance!
EDIT:
I don't think this answer applies to me
What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?
EDIT:
Maybe worth mentioning: The file structure of the project is really weird (dictated by premake):
solution and project files are in: bullet3-2.89\build3\vs2010
high level header files(these are the ones used by Hello_World that include other headers): bullet3-2.89\src
source and header files are subdirectories of bullet3-2.89\src
libraries: bullet3-2.89\bin
but all headers use the correct relative paths in their include and I have set the project's include and library directories to those locations
I found a workaround. Just gonna hijack one of the example projects from Bullet and use that instead. They seem to be better at VS settings than me :D
Anyway, thanks for your suggestions.
Had the same issue where just a few of the functions didn't link.
This is most likely due to the Bullet library being built with BT_USE_DOUBLE_PRECISION, meaning all btScaler will be of type double.
But the library is included without BT_USE_DOUBLE_PRECISION, meaning the program will try to link with the float versions of the functions.
But they don't exists since the built version uses doubles.

Unresolved externals when compiling unit tests for Visual C++ 2012

I want to create unit tests for a Visual C++ project. I tried following these MSDN instructions. I've found pages where they differentiate between unmanaged/mixed/pure code, but I don't fully understand those concepts. My code doesn't use .NET and would likely compile under MinGW with a few code adjustments.
My main project builds an executable, so I followed the steps under To reference exported functions from the test project. For starters I got different project options:
I went with Native Unit Test Project. I added a reference to my main project and I set Include Directories to $(SolutionDir)\Cubes;$(IncludePath). I wrote my code and got this when compiling:
1>Creating library C:\Users\Pieter\Dropbox\Unief\TTUI\TTUIproject\Cubes\Debug\CubesTest.lib and object C:\Users\Pieter\Dropbox\Unief\TTUI\TTUIproject\Cubes\Debug\CubesTest.exp
1>LayoutTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Room::Room(void)" (??0Room##QAE#XZ) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall CubesTest::LayoutTest::NumOfRoomsConsistency(void)" (?NumOfRoomsConsistency#LayoutTest#CubesTest##QAEXXZ)
1>LayoutTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Layout::Layout(class Room *,int)" (??0Layout##QAE#PAVRoom##H#Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall CubesTest::LayoutTest::NumOfRoomsConsistency(void)" (?NumOfRoomsConsistency#LayoutTest#CubesTest##QAEXXZ)
1>LayoutTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Layout::add(int,int,class Room *)" (?add#Layout##QAEXHHPAVRoom###Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall CubesTest::LayoutTest::NumOfRoomsConsistency(void)" (?NumOfRoomsConsistency#LayoutTest#CubesTest##QAEXXZ)
1>LayoutTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall Layout::clear(int,int,bool)" (?clear#Layout##QAEXHH_N#Z) referenced in function __catch$?NumOfRoomsConsistency#LayoutTest#CubesTest##QAEXXZ$0
1>C:\Users\Pieter\Dropbox\Unief\TTUI\TTUIproject\Cubes\Debug\CubesTest.dll : fatal error LNK1120: 4 unresolved externals
If I'm not mistaken, this means that the compiler finds the header files, but not the source files. What am I missing?
Here is a step-by-step description on how to add an EXE as an unit-test target.
The key point is to "export" the functions/classes you want to test... You can download the complete sample here: http://blog.kalmbachnet.de/files/CPP_UnitTestApp.zip (I did not change any project settings, so all changes you can see in the source-code; of course, some parts can be made in the project settings).
Create a Win32 Application (Console or MFC or Windows, does not matter); I created a console project called CPP_UnitTestApp:
Add a function you want to test (you can also add classes). For example:
int Plus1(int i)
{
return i+1;
}
Add a header file for the functions you want to test: CPP_UnitTestApp.h
Put the declaration of the methods into the header file, and also export these functions!
#pragma once
#ifdef EXPORT_TEST_FUNCTIONS
#define MY_CPP_UNITTESTAPP_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define MY_CPP_UNITTESTAPP_EXPORT
#endif
MY_CPP_UNITTESTAPP_EXPORT int Plus1(int i);
Include this header file in the main-cpp (here CPP_UnitTestApp.cpp) and define the EXPORT_TEST_FUNCTIONS before including the header:
#define EXPORT_TEST_FUNCTIONS
#include "CPP_UnitTestApp.h"
Now add a new project (Native unit test project: UnitTest1)
Include the header and the lib to the "unittest1.cpp" file (adopt the paths as you want):
#include "..\CPP_UnitTestApp.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "../Debug/CPP_UnitTestApp.lib")
Go to the project settings of the test project add add a reference to the "UnitTest1" project (Project|Properties|Common Properties|Add New Reference...: Select under "Projects" the "CPP_UnitTestApp"-Project)
Create the unit test function:
TEST_METHOD(TestMethod1)
{
int res = Plus1(12);
Assert::AreEqual(13, res);
}
Run your unit test ;)
As you can see, the main point was to export the function declaration! This is done via __declspec(dllexport) even if it is an EXE.
As I said, the demo project can be downloaded here: http://blog.kalmbachnet.de/files/CPP_UnitTestApp.zip

Linking to V8 does not work in release mode

I built the v8 libraries on visual studio 2005 in release mode, put the resulting .lib files (in release mode) and compiled my project against them.
While everything is working fine in debug mode (compiling and running correctly), in release mode I get the following link errors (as if the lib files are not there).
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: class v8::Local<class v8::Boolean> __thiscall v8::Value::ToBoolean(void)const " (?ToBoolean#Value#v8##QBE?AV?$Local#VBoolean#v8###2#XZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsInt32(void)const " (?IsInt32#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsNumber(void)const " (?IsNumber#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsBoolean(void)const " (?IsBoolean#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsObject(void)const " (?IsObject#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsArray(void)const " (?IsArray#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsFunction(void)const " (?IsFunction#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: bool __thiscall v8::Value::IsNull(void)const " (?IsNull#Value#v8##QBE_NXZ)
My linker properties have the following additional depencies.
msvcrt.lib ntstc_msvcrt.lib Psapi.lib winmm.lib Ws2_32.lib $(SolutionDir)\external_libs\release\v8.lib
and my $(SolutionDir)\external_libs\release folder containst the files:
v8.lib, v8_base.lib, v8_snapshot.lib
Any help would be appreciated.
In Visual Studio the build options are separate for debug and release builds. You probably set everything up properly for debug mode, but not for release mode, hence the errors.
I forget exactly how things are layed out in VS2005, but in VS2008, there is a combobox at the top of the solution properties dialog that lets you choose between debug/release/all configurations.
In other words, you will have to add the additional dependencies to the linker properties section in release mode. Alternatively, in the future, make all changes with the configuration set to All configurations.
Likely cause: The command switches and defines you used to build the v8 lib don't match those that you are using to build the code consuming it.
As an aside, if you are using the vs2005 CRT, you don't need this: ntstc_msvcrt.lib
Martyn

Using a DLL that links to a static lib

I'm trying to build a solution in Visual C++ where I have a front-end project that references a DLL project that I created. In the DLL project I link to a static library (that I have not written) that has static objects and definitions. Everything builds fine but I have linking problems.
I have a couple of questions. First, I should only get unresolved symbols for objects that I reference in the front-end that are not exported, right? I want the DLL to be the only interface to the static library and do not directly reference any part of it in the front-end, and yet I get a number of unresolved symbols from this library. There symbols seem to be #included and at least some not directly linked by the DLL project. I suspect it has to do with the static declarations in the static lib but how can I deal with these?
Some of the unresolved symbol errors:
2>AnalysisVis.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall SharkException::SharkException(char const *,int,char const *)" (??0SharkException##$$FQAE#PBDH0#Z)
2>AnalysisVis.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: static class Bernoulli Rng::coinToss" (?coinToss#Rng##2VBernoulli##A)
2>AnalysisVis.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual bool __thiscall ChromosomeT<bool>::operator<(class Chromosome const &)const " (??M?$ChromosomeT#_N##$$FUBE_NABVChromosome###Z)
The exported symbols are mangled. If the static lib was compiled using a different compiler (or compiler version) than the one you are using, it is possible that the symbols your application is expecting to see were defined in the static lib using a different name mangling scheme. You can use the following command to get the name mangling used in the static lib and then compare it to the one in the error message:
>pushd <path_to_msvc_dir>\Microsoft Visual Studio X.0\VC\bin
>dumpbin /all [static_lib_path] > out.txt
>type out.txt | find /I "SharkException"
>type out.txt | find /I "coinToss"
>type out.txt | find /I "ChromosomeT"
BTW, does the DLL that uses the static lib compiles cleanly with the same compiler your application/solution does?

How to Link to a .lib file in Visual C++ 2010? Without referencing the project?

I just have a problem that I have been trying to fix for the longest time.
I have a static library project in visual c++, and I want another project to be able to link to it. Up until now, I have simply been adding a reference to the static library project, which automatically links the library.
I want to be able to link to the library using only the header files and the .lib file. However, I get a "Unresolved external symbol" error.
I thought I was doing it right - I specified the include directory, the library directory, and went into the linker input properties and provided the lib as an additional dependency.
I am able to reference other static libraries this way (like SDL), so why do I get errors when I try to reference mine?
Thanks for the help.
Is the problem that its not referencing the actual lib file, or is something within the lib itself?
These are the error messages I get:
Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __thiscall XEngine::XCore::XScreen::init(class XEngine::XCore::XGame &)" (?init#XScreen#XCore#XEngine##QAEXAAVXGame#23##Z) referenced in function "void __cdecl XEngine::XEngineInit(class XEngine::XCore::XScreen &,class XEngine::XCore::XGame &)" (?XEngineInit#XEngine##YAXAAVXScreen#XCore#1#AAVXGame#31##Z) C:\Users\Xander Masotto\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Pong\Pong\source.obj Pong
Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall XEngine::XCore::XScreen::~XScreen(void)" (??1XScreen#XCore#XEngine##QAE#XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl XEngine::XEngineInit(class XEngine::XCore::XGame &)" (?XEngineInit#XEngine##YAXAAVXGame#XCore#1##Z) C:\Users\Xander Masotto\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Pong\Pong\source.obj Pong
Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall XEngine::XCore::XScreen::XScreen(void)" (??0XScreen#XCore#XEngine##QAE#XZ) referenced in function "void __cdecl XEngine::XEngineInit(class XEngine::XCore::XGame &)" (?XEngineInit#XEngine##YAXAAVXGame#XCore#1##Z) C:\Users\Xander Masotto\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Projects\Pong\Pong\source.obj Pong
Make sure that you are exporting the functions, classes, and variables in your library that you want exposed to other applications (i.e. your dll or exe). By default they are not exposed.
The ground work to do this is typically layed out when you create the project for your library.
#ifdef TESTLIB_EXPORTS
#define TESTLIB_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define TESTLIB_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif
With the code above generated during project creation there are only two more things for me to do to expose functions,classes, or variables:
1) Make sure that I have TESTLIB_EXPORTS defined as a preprocessor. Project settings: C++/Preprocessor/PreprocessorDefinitions
2) Use the TESTLIB_API define on each function,class, or variable i want exposed:
class TESTLIB_API Order {
void doSomething();
};