Why does this happen c++ [duplicate] - c++

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string and int concatenation in C++ [duplicate]
(3 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
Hello I am trying to make a game somewhat like Pokemon but I'm stuck on printing stats.
I am trying to output a level with it showing what level the animal reached.
Any help on the fact I'm not getting expected results?
My code:
visualanimal.h (not used yet):
#include <string>
#ifndef VISUALANIMAL_H
#define VISUALANIMAL_H
using namespace std;
using namespace Animals;
/*** Visual based on original class
#author Adam Petla
***/
class VisualAnimal : Animal {
public:
string imageFileURL;
int size;
VisualAnimal() {
this->imageFileURL = "";
this->size = 0;
}
};
#endif
animal.h :
#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#ifndef ANIMAL_H
#define ANIMAL_H
using namespace std;
namespace Animals {
class Animal {
public:
string name;
int minlevel;
int level;
int maxlevel;
int baseattack;
int baseattackraise;
int attack;
int basedefense;
int basedefenseraise;
int defense;
int basespeed;
int basesppedraise;
int speed;
int basespecial;
int basespecialraise;
int special;
char type;
Animal() {
name = "DOG";
minlevel = 0;
level = 1;
maxlevel = 100;
baseattack = 1;
baseattackraise = 1;
basedefense = 1;
basedefenseraise = 1;
basespecial = 1;
basespecialraise = 1;
basespeed = 1;
basesppedraise = 1;
};
private:
void printstats() {
//cout << "Attack : " << this->
};
void raiseattack() {
this->attack += this->baseattackraise;
}
void raisedefense() {
this->defense += this->basedefenseraise ;
}
void raisespeed() {
this->speed += this->basesppedraise;
}
void raisespecial() {
this->special += this->basespecialraise;
}
void raisestats() {
raiseattack();
raisedefense();
raisespeed();
raisespecial();
}
void updatestats(char type) {
switch (type) {
case 'l':
raisestats();
}
}
public :
void raiselevel() {
this->level++ ;
this->type = 'l';
updatestats(this->type);
string output = "Level Up!Your " + string(this->name) + string("has reached level");
cout << output;
cout << this->level + ".Its stats are now";
printstats();
};
};
}
#endif
animal.cpp :
// Animals.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
//
#include <iostream>
#include "animal.h"
#include "visualanimal.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
using namespace`` Animals;
Animal test;
test.raiselevel();
cout << "Hello World!\n";
return -1;
}
My expected results: DOG reached level 2.
My actual results DOG reached level
Anybody know an answer
It doesn't show any level in output anybody know why?

Answer 1

Change the following:
cout << this->level + ".Its stats are now";
To:
cout << this->level << ".Its stats are now";
You were getting incorrect output because you are trying to concatenate a string and an int.
The correct way to concatenate a string to an int is using std::to_string():
int val = 2;
std::string x = "hello";
std::string output = std::to_string(val) + x;

Answer 2

+ has a higher precedence than <<, so the line cout << this->level + ".Its stats are now"; is evaluated as cout << (this->level + ".Its stats are now"); - the value of level is used as an offset into a string literal ".Its stats are now", which is not what you want.
Change it to
cout << this->level << ".Its stats are now";
Or see here how to concatenate an int with a string.