How to use samplerCube as array - c++

I am using samplerCube for a point light shadow map. For multiple lights, I implemented samplerCube as an array in the following.
uniform samplerCube pointShadowMapTexture[MAX_LIGHT];
But somehow I can't index this samplerCube. Shader compiles and there is no problem. This is working for sampler2D arrays.
I tried indexing it with [0], [1] .. in the shader but always the same image. I am sending different cube textures for each light but somehow shader doesn't index it or doesn't accept it.
I am doing the same for directional lights as sampler2D array. But when it comes to samplerCubes it doesn't work.
The code sending sampler cubes to the shader
void ShaderProgram::bindTexture(GLenum target , const char * name , int id){
GLuint TextureID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, name);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + textureOrder);
glBindTexture(target , id);
glUniform1i(TextureID, textureOrder);
textureOrder++;
App::checkErrors(__FILE__,__LINE__,name);
}
//depthMapTexture is member of Light class
std::string PointShadowMapTexture = "pointShadowMapTexture[" + std::to_string(LightNumber) + "]";
ShaderProgram::shaders["deferred"]->bindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, PointShadowMapTexture.data(), depthMapTexture );
float SoftPointShadowCalculation(int index , vec3 fragPos ,vec3 lightPos){
vec3 fragToLight = fragPos - lightPos;
float currentDepth = length(fragToLight);
float shadow = 0.0;
float bias = 0.0;
int samples = 20;
float viewDistance = length(viewPos - fragPos);
float diskRadius = (1.0 + (viewDistance / farPlane)) / 25.0;
for(int i = 0; i < samples; ++i){
float closestDepth = texture(pointShadowMapTexture[index], fragToLight + gridSamplingDisk[i] * diskRadius).r;
closestDepth *= farPlane;//farplane
if(currentDepth - bias > closestDepth){
shadow += 0.5;
}
}
shadow /= float(samples);
return shadow;
}
Is this valid for samplerCube type? If not what should I do to have an array of samplerCubes?

I realized that all lights are showing the what last light sees. So when I render model I was using the last light projection*view matrix for each light. :) It took hours to realize.
Now each light rendered with its own matrix.
this might help someone if encounters the same problem
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glCullFace(GL_FRONT);
for(Light * light : Light::shadowCasterLights){
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, light->depthMapFrameBuffer);App::checkFrameBufferError(__FILE__,__LINE__);
glViewport(0,0,light->depthMapTextureSize,light->depthMapTextureSize);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->use("ShadowCaster Model");
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("ModelMatrix", &scene->ModelMatrix[0][0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->attributeBuffer("ModelSpaceVertexPosition", mesh->vertexBufferID, 3);
switch (light->lightType) {
case LightType::DIRECTIONAL:
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->use("Light");
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix",&light->lightSpaceMatrix[0][0]);
break;
case LightType::POINT:
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->use("Light");
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniform3f("LightPosition" , &positionVector[0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniform1f("FarPlane" , light->farPlane);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix[0]",&light->lightSpaceMatrixCube[0][0][0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix[1]",&light->lightSpaceMatrixCube[1][0][0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix[2]",&light->lightSpaceMatrixCube[2][0][0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix[3]",&light->lightSpaceMatrixCube[3][0][0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix[4]",&light->lightSpaceMatrixCube[4][0][0]);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->uniformMatrix4("LightSpaceMatrix[5]",&light->lightSpaceMatrixCube[5][0][0]);
break;
}
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->elementBufferID);
glDrawElements(
GL_TRIANGLES, // mode
mesh->indices.size(), // count
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, // type
(void *) 0 // element array buffer offset
);
ShaderProgram::shaders[light->depthMapShader]->reset();
}
glCullFace(GL_BACK);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
glViewport(0,0,1920,1080);
Upon the power of shadows

Related

OpenGL: Lambert shading imported OBJs results in artifacts and strange culling

I decided to post this as I now believe the problem isn't simply stemming from the shader program, but most probably the OBJ import and mesh initialization process. I wanted to write a quick Lambert shader to finally get stuff appearing on the screen. The final result is riddled with interesting artifacts and visibility issues:
It appears as though the vertex positions are encoded correctly, but the either the normals or indices are completely messed up.
Vertex Shader
#version 330
// MeshVertex
in layout(location=0) vec3 a_Position;
in layout(location=1) vec3 a_Normal;
in layout(location=2) vec2 a_UV;
in layout(location=3) vec3 a_Tangent;
in layout(location=4) vec3 a_BiTangent;
uniform mat4 View;
uniform mat4 Projection;
uniform mat4 Model;
out VS_out
{
vec3 fragNormal;
vec3 fragPos;
} vs_out;
void main()
{
mat3 normalMatrix = mat3(transpose(inverse(Model)));
vec4 position = vec4(a_Position, 1.f);
vs_out.fragPos = (Model * position).xyz;
vs_out.fragNormal = normalMatrix * a_Normal;
gl_Position = Projection * View * Model * position;
}
I initially thought I was passing the vertex normals incorrectly to the fragment shader. I have seen some samples multiply the vertex position by the ModelView matrix. That sounds non-intuitive to me, my lights are positioned in world space, so I would need the world space coordinates of my vertices, hence the multiplication by the Model matrix only. If there are no red flags in this thought process, here is the fragment shader:
#version 330
struct LightSource
{
vec3 position;
vec3 intensity;
};
uniform LightSource light;
in VS_out
{
vec3 fragNormal;
vec3 fragPos;
} fs_in;
struct Material
{
vec4 color;
vec3 ambient;
};
uniform Material material;
void main()
{
// just playing around with some values for now, dont worry, removing this still does not fix the issue
vec3 ambient = normalize(vec3(69, 111, 124));
vec3 norm = normalize(fs_in.fragNormal);
vec3 pos = fs_in.fragPos;
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - pos);
float lambert = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
vec3 illumination = (lambert * light.intensity) + ambient;
gl_FragColor = vec4(illumination * material.color.xyz, 1.f);
}
Now the main suspicion is how the OBJ is interpreted. I use the tinyOBJ importer for this. I mostly copied the sample code they had on their GitHub page, and initialized my native vertex type using that data.
OBJ Import Code
bool Model::Load(const void* rawBinary, size_t bytes)
{
tinyobj::ObjReader reader;
if(reader.ParseFromString((const char*)rawBinary, ""))
{
// Fetch meshes
std::vector<MeshVertex> vertices;
std::vector<Triangle> triangles;
const tinyobj::attrib_t& attrib = reader.GetAttrib();
const std::vector<tinyobj::shape_t>& shapes = reader.GetShapes();
m_Meshes.resize(shapes.size());
m_Materials.resize(shapes.size());
// Loop over shapes; in our case, each shape corresponds to a mesh object
for(size_t s = 0; s < shapes.size(); s++)
{
// Loop over faces(polygon)
size_t index_offset = 0;
for(size_t f = 0; f < shapes[s].mesh.num_face_vertices.size(); f++)
{
// Num of face vertices for face f
int fv = shapes[s].mesh.num_face_vertices[f];
ASSERT(fv == 3, "Only supporting triangles for now");
Triangle tri;
// Loop over vertices in the face.
for(size_t v = 0; v < fv; v++) {
// access to vertex
tinyobj::index_t idx = shapes[s].mesh.indices[index_offset + v];
tinyobj::real_t vx = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t vy = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t vz = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t nx = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t ny = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t nz = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t tx = 0.f;
tinyobj::real_t ty = 0.f;
vx = attrib.vertices[3 * idx.vertex_index + 0];
vy = attrib.vertices[3 * idx.vertex_index + 1];
vz = attrib.vertices[3 * idx.vertex_index + 2];
if(attrib.normals.size())
{
nx = attrib.normals[3 * idx.normal_index + 0];
ny = attrib.normals[3 * idx.normal_index + 1];
nz = attrib.normals[3 * idx.normal_index + 2];
}
if(attrib.texcoords.size())
{
tx = attrib.texcoords[2 * idx.texcoord_index + 0];
ty = attrib.texcoords[2 * idx.texcoord_index + 1];
}
// Populate our native vertex type
MeshVertex meshVertex;
meshVertex.Position = glm::vec3(vx, vy, vz);
meshVertex.Normal = glm::vec3(nx, ny, nz);
meshVertex.UV = glm::vec2(tx, ty);
meshVertex.BiTangent = glm::vec3(0.f);
meshVertex.Tangent = glm::vec3(0.f);
vertices.push_back(meshVertex);
tri.Idx[v] = index_offset + v;
}
triangles.emplace_back(tri);
index_offset += fv;
// per-face material
//shapes[s].mesh.material_ids[f];
}
// Adding meshes should occur here!
m_Meshes[s] = std::make_unique<StaticMesh>(vertices, triangles);
// m_Materials[s] = ....
}
}
return true;
}
With the way I understand OBJ, the notion of OpenGL indices does not equate to a Face elements found in the OBJ. This is because each face element has different indices into the position, normal,and texcoord arrays. So instead, I just copy the vertex attributes indexed by the face element into my native MeshVertex structure -- this represents one vertex of my mesh; the corresponding face element ID is then simply the corresponding index for my index buffer object. In my case, I use a Triangle structure instead, but it's effectively the same thing.
The Triangle struct if interested:
struct Triangle
{
uint32_t Idx[3];
Triangle(uint32_t v1, uint32_t v2, uint32_t v3)
{
Idx[0] = v1;
Idx[1] = v2;
Idx[2] = v3;
}
Triangle(const Triangle& Other)
{
Idx[0] = Other.Idx[0];
Idx[1] = Other.Idx[1];
Idx[2] = Other.Idx[2];
}
Triangle()
{
}
};
Other than that, I have no idea what can cause this problem, I am open to hearing new thoughts; perhaps someone experienced understands what these artifacts signify. If you want to take a deeper dive, I can post the mesh initialization code as well.
EDIT:
So I tried importing an FBX format, and I encountered a very similar issue. I am now considering silly errors in my OpenGL code to initialize the mesh.
This initializes OpenGL buffers based on arbitrary vertex data, and triangles to index by
void Mesh::InitBuffers(const void* vertexData, size_t size, const std::vector<Triangle>& triangles)
{
glGenVertexArrays(1, &m_vao);
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
// Interleaved Vertex Buffer
glGenBuffers(1, &m_vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, vertexData, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
// Index Buffer
glGenBuffers(1, &m_ibo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_ibo);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Triangle) * triangles.size(), triangles.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
}
Then I setup the layout of the vertex buffer using a BufferLayout structure that specifies the attributes we want.
void Mesh::SetBufferLayout(const BufferLayout& layout)
{
glBindVertexArray(m_vao);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_vbo);
uint32_t stride = layout.GetStride();
int i = 0;
for(const BufferElement& element : layout)
{
glEnableVertexAttribArray(i);
glVertexAttribPointer(i++, element.GetElementCount(), GLType(element.Type), element.Normalized, stride, (void*)(element.Offset));
}
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
}
So in our case, the BufferLayout corresponds to the MeshVertex I populated, containing a Position(float3), Normal(float3), UV(float2), Tangent(float3), BiTangent(float3). I can confirm via debugging that the strides and offsets, and other values coming from the BufferElement are exactly what I expect; so I am concerned with the nature of the OpenGL calls I am making.
Alright, let us all just forget this has happened. This is very embarrassing, everything was working fine after all. I simply "forgot" to call the following before rendering:
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
So understandably, all kinds of shapes were being rendered and culled in completely random fashion. (Why is it not enabled by default?)

How to add countless lights in framebuffer

Following the learnopengl tutorial (https://learnopengl.com/Advanced-Lighting/Deferred-Shading)
the author leaves fixed the amount of light (32 lights) as shown by the GLSL:
#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 TexCoords;
uniform sampler2D gPosition;
uniform sampler2D gNormal;
uniform sampler2D gAlbedoSpec;
struct Light {
vec3 Position;
color;
};
const int NR_LIGHTS = 32;
uniform Light lights [NR_LIGHTS];
uniform vec3 viewPos;
void main ()
{
// retrieve data from G-buffer
vec3 FragPos = texture (gPosition, TexCoords) .rgb;
vec3 Normal = texture (gNormal, TexCoords) .rgb;
vec3 Albedo = texture (gAlbedoSpec, TexCoords) .rgb;
float Specular = texture (gAlbedoSpec, TexCoords) .a;
// then calculate lighting as usual
vec3 lighting = Albedo * 0.1; // hard-coded ambient component
vec3 viewDir = normalize (viewPos - FragPos);
for (int i = 0; i <NR_LIGHTS; ++ i)
{
// diffuse
vec3 lightDir = normalize (lights [i] .Position - FragPos);
vec3 diffuse = max (dot (Normal, lightDir), 0.0) * Albedo * lights [i] .Color;
lighting + = diffuse;
}
FragColor = vec4 (lighting, 1.0);
}
And when it comes to applying the lights:
glBindFramebuffer (GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
// 2. lighting pass: calculate lighting by iterating over screen filled quad pixel-by-pixel using the gbuffer's content.
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
shaderLightingPass.use ();
glActiveTexture (GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, gPosition);
glActiveTexture (GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, gNormal);
glActiveTexture (GL_TEXTURE2);
glBindTexture (GL_TEXTURE_2D, gAlbedoSpec);
// send light relevant uniforms
for (unsigned int i = 0; i <lightPositions.size (); i ++)
{
shaderLightingPass.setVec3 ("lights [" + std :: to_string (i) + "] .Position", lightPositions [i]);
shaderLightingPass.setVec3 ("lights [" + std :: to_string (i) + "] .Color", lightColors [i]);
// update attenuation parameters and calculate radius
const float constant = 1.0; // note that we do not send this to the shader, we assume it is always 1.0 (in our case)
const float linear = 0.7;
const float quadratic = 1.8;
shaderLightingPass.setFloat ("lights [" + std :: to_string (i) + "] .Linear", linear);
shaderLightingPass.setFloat ("lights [" + std :: to_string (i) + "] .Quadratic", quadratic);
}
shaderLightingPass.setVec3 ("viewPos", camera.Position);
// finally render quad
renderQuad ();
but I would like to be able to add as many lights as I want, because my project will have countless lights (laser guns, bonfire, blast), so I made some changes:
GLSL:
uniform Light light;
uniform vec3 viewPos;
void main()
{
// retrieve data from gbuffer
vec3 FragPos = texture(gPosition, TexCoords).rgb;
vec3 Normal = texture(gNormal, TexCoords).rgb;
vec3 Diffuse = texture(gAlbedoSpec, TexCoords).rgb;
float Specular = texture(gAlbedoSpec, TexCoords).a;
// then calculate lighting as usual
vec3 lighting = Diffuse * 0.1; // hard-coded ambient component
vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
// diffuse
vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.Position - FragPos);
vec3 diffuse = max(dot(Normal, lightDir), 0.0) * Diffuse * light.Color;
// specular
vec3 halfwayDir = normalize(lightDir + viewDir);
float spec = pow(max(dot(Normal, halfwayDir), 0.0), 16.0);
vec3 specular = light.Color * spec * Specular;
// attenuation
float distance = length(light.Position - FragPos);
float attenuation = 1.0 / (1.0 + light.Linear * distance + light.Quadratic * distance * distance);
diffuse *= attenuation;
specular *= attenuation;
lighting += diffuse + specular;
FragColor = vec4(lighting, 1.0);
}
And then I passed the values one by one and rendered a quad:
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < lightPositions.size(); i++)
{
shaderLightingPass.use();
shaderLightingPass.setInt("gPosition", 0);
shaderLightingPass.setInt("gNormal", 1);
shaderLightingPass.setInt("gAlbedoSpec", 2);
shaderLightingPass.setVec3("light.Position", lightPositions[i]);
shaderLightingPass.setVec3("light.Color", lightColors[i]);
const float constant = 1.0; // note that we don't send this to the shader, we assume it is always 1.0 (in our case)
const float linear = 0.7;
const float quadratic = 0.08;
shaderLightingPass.setFloat("light.Linear", linear);
shaderLightingPass.setFloat("light.Quadratic", quadratic);
shaderLightingPass.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
renderQuad();
glUseProgram(-1);
}
and also added a new shader to render the framebuffer on the screen:
screenShader.use();
renderQuad();
but my code renders only the first light:
Result
could anyone tell me what I am doing wrong and how to add the lights in the end result?
Please include code like below
void renderDeferredPass(int i)
{
glUseProgram(ps[Passes::Deferred]);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, g_fbo);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
//mat4 model = glm::scale(mat4(1.0f), vec3(3.1f, 3.1f, 3.1f));
model = glm::translate(mat4(1.0f), vec3(-150.0f, -600.0f, -800.0f+camera));
model = glm::rotate(model, 30.0f, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
mat4 view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, -5.0), glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &model[0][0]);
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &projection[0][0]);
glUniform1i(textureLocation, 0);
quad->Render();
glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
glUseProgram(0);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
And
void renderLightPass()
{
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendEquation(GL_FUNC_ADD);
glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);
glUseProgram(ps[Passes::LightPass]);
glBindVertexArray(quadVAO);
bindUbo();
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < NUM_GBUFFER_TEXTURES; i++)
{
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1 + i);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,
g_textures[POSITION_TEXTURE + i]);
}
glUniform1i(mapLocations[POSITION_TEXTURE], 1);
glUniform1i(mapLocations[DIFFUSE_TEXTURE], 2);
glUniform1i(mapLocations[NORMAL_TEXTURE], 3);
glUniform1i(mapLocations[TEXCOORD_TEXTURE], 4);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
glUseProgram(0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
}
And your draw function should look like
void display()
{
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE);
//for (int i = 0; i < quad->m_Entries.size(); i++)
{
renderDeferredPass(0);
renderLightPass();
}
glutSwapBuffers();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
For complete implementation refer following
https://github.com/PixelClear/Deferred-renderer
I have above code where we store light information in SSBO so this demo has 32 lights but can easily extended to many.
The problem is due to the fixed "ambient" term being repeated for the # of lights that overlap the scene.
The shader contains:
vec3 lighting = Diffuse * 0.1; // hard-coded ambient component
This effectively re-adds albedo everytime a light overlaps.
The old code had the following sum:
vec3 lighting = Diffuse * 0.1;
foreach (Light l : lights)
lighting += Diffuse * (l's diffuse lighting)
But now with additive blending you have:
foreach (Light l : lights)
lighting += Diffuse * 0.1;
lighting += Diffuse * (l's diffuse lighting)
As such you got the overbrightening of ambient in https://i.ibb.co/gMBtM6c/With-Blend.png
To fix this you need to separate the (Diffuse * 0.1) term into a separate shader. You would have 1 draw call to apply ambient, then n draw calls for n lights.
The algorithm on the C++ side would then look like:
Make sure you have additive blend still.
Clear Screen
Set Ambient shader, Draw Quad.
Set Light shader, Do your lighting loop and Draw n Quads for n lights.
EDIT: Also it looks like you aren't reading the right Albedo texture based off of your screenshots. It looks like you are reading the position buffer based off of the colors you're getting.

Why can't access the G-Buffer from my lighting shader?

I implemented a new rendering pipeline in my engine and rendering is broken now. When I directly draw a texture of the G-Buffer to screen, it shows up correctly. So the G-Buffer is fine. But somehow the lighting pass makes trouble. Even if I don't use the resulting texture of it but try to display albedo from G-Buffer after the lighting pass, it shows a solid gray color.
I can't explain this behavior and the strange thing is that there are no OpenGL errors at any point.
Vertex Shader to draw a fullscreen quad.
#version 330
in vec4 vertex;
out vec2 coord;
void main()
{
coord = vertex.xy;
gl_Position = vertex * 2.0 - 1.0;
}
Fragment Shader for lighting.
#version 330
in vec2 coord;
out vec3 image;
uniform int type = 0;
uniform sampler2D positions;
uniform sampler2D normals;
uniform vec3 light;
uniform vec3 color;
uniform float radius;
uniform float intensity = 1.0;
void main()
{
if(type == 0) // directional light
{
vec3 normal = texture2D(normals, coord).xyz;
float fraction = max(dot(normalize(light), normal) / 2.0 + 0.5, 0);
image = intensity * color * fraction;
}
else if(type == 1) // point light
{
vec3 pixel = texture2D(positions, coord).xyz;
vec3 normal = texture2D(normals, coord).xyz;
float dist = max(distance(pixel, light), 1);
float magnitude = 1 / pow(dist / radius + 1, 2);
float cutoff = 0.4;
float attenuation = clamp((magnitude - cutoff) / (1 - cutoff), 0, 1);
float fraction = clamp(dot(normalize(light - pixel), normal), -1, 1);
image = intensity * color * attenuation * max(fraction, 0.2);
}
}
Targets and samplers for the lighting pass. Texture ids are mapped to attachment respectively shader location.
unordered_map<GLenum, GLuint> targets;
targets.insert(make_pair(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT2, ...)); // light
targets.insert(make_pair(GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, ...)); // depth and stencil
unordered_map<string, GLuint> samplers;
samplers.insert(make_pair("positions", ...)); // positions from G-Buffer
samplers.insert(make_pair("normals", ...)); // normals from G-Buffer
Draw function for lighting pass.
void DrawLights(unordered_map<string, GLuint> Samplers, GLuint Program)
{
auto lis = Entity->Get<Light>();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);
glUseProgram(Program);
int n = 0; for(auto i : Samplers)
{
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + n);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, i.second);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(Program, i.first.c_str()), n);
n++;
}
mat4 view = Entity->Get<Camera>(*Global->Get<unsigned int>("camera"))->View;
for(auto i : lis)
{
int type = i.second->Type == Light::DIRECTIONAL ? 0 : 1;
vec3 pos = vec3(view * vec4(Entity->Get<Form>(i.first)->Position(), !type ? 0 : 1));
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(Program, "type"), type);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(Program, "light"), pos.x, pos.y, pos.z);
glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(Program, "color"), i.second->Color.x, i.second->Color.y, i.second->Color.z);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(Program, "radius"), i.second->Radius);
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(Program, "intensity"), i.second->Intensity);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex2i(0, 0);
glVertex2i(1, 0);
glVertex2i(1, 1);
glVertex2i(0, 1);
glEnd();
}
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
I found the error and it was such a stupid one. The old rendering pipeline bound the correct framebuffer before calling the draw function of that pass. But the new one didn't so each draw function had to do that itself. Therefore I wanted to update all draw function, but I missed the draw function of the lighting pass.
Therefore the framebuffer of the G-Buffer was still bound and the lighting pass changed its targets.
Thanks to you guys, you had no change to find that error, since I hadn't posted my complete pipeline system.

Particle System error

Im working in Particle System Class from this tutorial Particles - Anton's OpenGL 4 Wiki - Dr Anton Gerdelan
Code:
//Pixel Shader
// shader to update a particle system based on a simple kinematics function
#version 150
in vec3 v; // initial velocity
in float tZero; // start time
uniform mat4 projViewModelMatrix;
uniform vec3 emitterPos_wor; // emitter position in world coordinates
uniform float T; // system time T in seconds
out float opacity;
void main() {
// work out how many seconds into our particle's life-time we are (after its starting time)
float t = T - tZero;
vec3 p;
// gradually make particle more transparent over its life-time
opacity = 1 - (t / 3) - 0.2;
// particle stays put until it has reached its birth second
if (t > 0) {
// gravity
vec3 a = vec3(0,-10,0);
// this is a standard kinematics equation of motion with velocity (from VBO) and acceleration (gravity)
p = emitterPos_wor + v * t + 0.5 * a * t * t;
} else {
p = emitterPos_wor;
}
gl_Position = projViewModelMatrix * vec4(p, 1);
}
// Vertex shader
// shader to render simple particle system's points
#version 150
uniform sampler2D textureMap; // I used a texture for my particles
out vec4 fragColour;
uniform vec4 Color;
in float opacity;
void main() {
vec4 texcol = texture2D(textureMap, gl_PointCoord); // using point uv coordinates which are pre-defined over the point
fragColour = vec4(1-opacity,1-opacity,1-opacity,1-opacity) * texcol * Color; // bright blue!
}
/////// CPU
bool ParticleSystem::init(vec3 Position){
std::vector<vec3> Velocidad;
std::vector<float> Life;
for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTICLES; i++ ) {
Velocidad.push_back(vec3(0,-1,0));
}
for ( int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTICLES; i++ ) {
Life.push_back(0.001f * (float)(i));
}
glGenVertexArrays( 1, &m_VAO );
glBindVertexArray( m_VAO );
glGenBuffers(ARRAY_SIZE_IN_ELEMENTS(m_Buffers), m_Buffers);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_Buffers[VEL_VB]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Velocidad[0]) * Velocidad.size(), &Velocidad[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, m_Buffers[LIF_VB]);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Life[0]) * Life.size(), &Life[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 1, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
return true;
}
/////////////////// FINAL RENDER
bool ParticleSystem::render(){
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,ModeloOrtho.getTextureFromID(24));
glTexEnvi(GL_POINT_SPRITE, GL_COORD_REPLACE, GL_TRUE);
glEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE);
glPointSize(150.0f);
shaderParticle.setUniform("projViewModelMatrix",vsml->get(VSMathLib::PROJ_VIEW_MODEL));
shaderParticle.setUniform("emitterPos_wor",ParticleInit);
shaderParticle.setUniform("T",ParticleTime);
shaderParticle.setUniform("Color",ColorParticle);
glUseProgram(shaderParticle.getProgramIndex());
glBindVertexArray(m_VAO);
glDrawElements(GL_POINTS, 0, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0);
return true;
}
The problem is that nothing happens.
And if I change this line:
glDrawElements (GL_POINTS, MAX_PARTICLES, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
Crash the system.
What am I doing wrong?
vertex shader
/* shader to update a particle system based on a simple kinematics function */
#version 410 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 v_i; // initial velocity
layout (location = 1) in float start_time;
uniform mat4 V, P;
uniform vec3 emitter_pos_wor; // emitter position in world coordinates
uniform float elapsed_system_time; // system time in seconds
// the fragment shader can use this for it's output colour's alpha component
out float opacity;
void main() {
// work out the elapsed time for _this particle_ after its start time
float t = elapsed_system_time - start_time;
// allow time to loop around so particle emitter keeps going
t = mod (t, 3.0);
opacity = 0.0;
vec3 p = emitter_pos_wor;
// gravity
vec3 a = vec3 (0.0, -1.0, 0.0);
// this is a standard kinematics equation of motion with velocity and
// acceleration (gravity)
p += v_i * t + 0.5 * a * t * t;
// gradually make particle fade to invisible over 3 seconds
opacity = 1.0 - (t / 3.0);
gl_Position = P * V * vec4 (p, 1.0);
gl_PointSize = 15.0; // size in pixels
}
fragment shader
/* shader to render simple particle system points */
#version 410 core
in float opacity;
uniform sampler2D tex; // optional. enable point-sprite coords to use
out vec4 frag_colour;
const vec4 particle_colour = vec4 (0.4, 0.4, 0.8, 0.8);
void main () {
// using point texture coordinates which are pre-defined over the point
vec4 texel = texture (tex, gl_PointCoord);
frag_colour.a = opacity * texel.a;
frag_colour.rgb = particle_colour.rgb * texel.rgb;
}

Parallax mapping glitch in OpenGL

And this is result when I invert the tangent vector right after transferring it to vertex shader:
The "shadow" is in the wrong place.
(And it works only when I rotate it through Y axis so the last image seem to present a good parallax mapped cube)
IM SURE IT IS NOT A TANGENT VECTOR OR TEXTURE COORDINATES PROBLEM
Because
I used exactly the same tangent calculation functions and exactly the same cube position, normal and texture coordinate data as in working demo.
After all, I exported arrays with position/texcoord/normal/tangent data into a .txt file and I saw what I exactly expected (and what I expected is the same pos/tex/norm data as in working demo, including calculated tangents which I managed to export from working demo).
The next argument is, I copied my shader code to a working demo and it still works.
Other one is, I tried multiple ways to render this cube.
I tried VBO with glVertexAttribPointer, I tried VBO with saving tangent as other texture coordinate (as in the demo), I tried DisplayList with glVertexAttrib4f. Result is... EXACTLY THE SAME.
Height map is loading correctly, I tried to set it as a diffuse map and it looked OK.
glGetError() gives me No Errors and shader compile logs says so.
It is probably something with camera or init states.
Maybe posting an init code will help.
void CDepthBase::OpenGLSet() {
glEnable( GL_TEXTURE_2D );
glShadeModel( GL_SMOOTH );
glClearColor( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
glClearDepth( 1.0f );
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glDepthFunc( GL_LEQUAL );
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glBlendFunc( GL_ONE, GL_ONE );
GLfloat ratio;
glViewport(0, 0, ResolutionWidth, ResolutionHeight);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(45.0f, ResolutionWidth / (float)ResolutionHeight, 0.1f, 900.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
if (GLEW_OK != glewInit()) {
MBX("Failed to init GLEW.", "Error");
}
if (glewIsSupported("GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object")) {
VBO_supported = true;
} else VBO_supported = false;
glHint( GL_FOG_HINT, GL_DONT_CARE );
glHint( GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST );
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
glAlphaFunc(GL_ALWAYS, 0);
}
By the way, I'm using GL Extension Wrangler with extensions.
Shader code & log (this exported file contains code which was directly passed to glShaderSource):
Vertex shader was successfully compiled to run on hardware.
Fragment shader was successfully compiled to run on hardware.
Fragment shader(s) linked, vertex shader(s) linked.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
varying vec3 lightDir;
varying vec3 viewDir;
attribute vec4 tangent;
void main()
{
gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;
gl_TexCoord[0] = gl_MultiTexCoord0;
vec3 vertexPos = vec3(gl_ModelViewMatrix * gl_Vertex);
vec3 tn = tangent.xyz;
vec3 n = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal);
vec3 t = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * tangent.xyz);
vec3 b = cross(t, n) * -tangent.w;
mat3 tbnMatrix = mat3(t.x, b.x, n.x,
t.y, b.y, n.y,
t.z, b.z, n.z);
lightDir = (gl_LightSource[0].position.xyz - vertexPos) / 100.0;
lightDir = tbnMatrix * lightDir;
viewDir = -vertexPos;
viewDir = tbnMatrix * viewDir;
}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
varying vec3 lightDir;
varying vec3 viewDir;
uniform sampler2D diffuseMap;
uniform sampler2D normalMap;
uniform sampler2D heightMap;
uniform float scale;
uniform float bias;
void main()
{
vec3 v = normalize(viewDir);
vec2 TexCoord = gl_TexCoord[0].st;
{
float height = texture2D(heightMap, gl_TexCoord[0].st).r;
height = height * scale + bias;
TexCoord = gl_TexCoord[0].st + (height * v.xy);
}
vec3 l = lightDir;
float atten = max(0.0, 1.0 - dot(l, l));
l = normalize(l);
vec3 n = normalize(texture2D(normalMap, TexCoord).rgb * 2.0 - 1.0);
vec3 h = normalize(l + v);
float nDotL = max(0.0, dot(n, l));
float nDotH = max(0.0, dot(n, h));
float power = (nDotL == 0.0) ? 0.0 : pow(nDotH, gl_FrontMaterial.shininess);
vec4 ambient = gl_FrontLightProduct[0].ambient * atten;
vec4 diffuse = gl_FrontLightProduct[0].diffuse * nDotL * atten;
vec4 specular = gl_FrontLightProduct[0].specular * power * atten;
vec4 color = gl_FrontLightModelProduct.sceneColor + ambient + diffuse + specular;color *= texture2D(diffuseMap,TexCoord);
gl_FragColor = color ;
}
Uniforms are working correctly because results are the same if I switch them with constant values.
Compiling shader:
void __Shader::import(){
if(imported) __Shader::~__Shader();
v = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
f = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(v, 1, (const GLchar **)&vsrc.cstr,NULL);
glShaderSource(f, 1, (const GLchar **)&fsrc.cstr,NULL);
glCompileShader(v);
glCompileShader(f);
p = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(p,v);
glAttachShader(p,f);
if(_flags & NORMAL_MAPPING)
glBindAttribLocation(p, ATTRIB_TANGENT, "tangent");
glLinkProgram(p);
if(_flags & DIFFUSE_MAPPING)
diffuseUni.loc = glGetUniformLocation(p, "diffuseMap");
if(_flags & NORMAL_MAPPING)
normalUni.loc = glGetUniformLocation(p, "normalMap");
if(_flags & PARALLAX_MAPPING)
heightUni.loc = glGetUniformLocation(p, "heightMap");
if(_flags & SPECULAR_MAPPING)
specularUni.loc = glGetUniformLocation(p, "specularMap");
imported = true;
}
Setting attribute in VBO:
if(tangents.size() > 0){
buffered |= 3;
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO_tangent);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO_tangent);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, tangents.size()*sizeof(tangent), tangents.get_ptr(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}
// and in draw:
if(buffered & 3) {
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO_tangent);
glVertexAttribPointer(__Shader::ATTRIB_TANGENT, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(__Shader::ATTRIB_TANGENT);
}
and a small note
for(int i = 0; i < responders.size(); ++i)
if(strstr(responders[i].idea, "tangent problem"))
responders[i].please_dont_talk();
Just tell me your other ideas about what can be the reason of those bad results.
Wheew... already solved it. The problem was with loading texture files even though I did not see any disorders with diffuse mapping or even with diffuse+normal mapping. I was using IMG_Load from SDL, maybe I used it wrong way but it did not work for me. It was probably normal map messed up.
bad texture import code:
if(imported || filenamez.length() < 1) return;
SDL_Surface* surface = 0;
surface = IMG_Load(filenamez.c_str());
if (surface) {
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
bool endianess = filenamez.substr(filenamez.length()-4) == ".jpg";
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, surface->w, surface->h, 0,
(endianess ? GL_RGB : GL_BGR), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, surface->pixels);
}
BEWARE !
I'm now using HBITMAP-based texture loading taken from dhpoware demo which I was talking about. And it works fine.
peace.
After 2-3 days of hard debugging, let me feel a little bit of euphoria.
Oh, I'd forget, the final result: