CRC4 INTERLAKEN and ITU lookup table generation - c++

I try to geneate CRC4 lookup tables in C++ for the known CRC algorithms CRC-4/INTERLAKEN and CRC-4/ITU. The CRC definitions are as follows:
width=4 poly=0x3 init=0xf refin=false refout=false xorout=0xf check=0xb residue=0x2 name="CRC-4/INTERLAKEN"
width=4 poly=0x3 init=0x0 refin=true refout=true xorout=0x0 check=0x7 residue=0x0 name="CRC-4/G-704"
I've started adapting the code found from the answer here to generate lookup table to compare with tables found in the answer found here. If the bit order does not matter for this code, besides polynomial which is the same what else I need to consider? How different would the codes for INTERLAKEN and ITU algorithms be?
The code:
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
void make_crc_table(unsigned long crcTable[])
{
unsigned long POLYNOMIAL = 0x3;
unsigned long remainder;
unsigned char b = 0;
do
{
remainder = b;
for (unsigned long bit = 8; bit > 0; --bit)
{
if (remainder & 1)
remainder = (remainder >> 1) ^ POLYNOMIAL;
else
remainder = (remainder >> 1);
}
crcTable[(size_t)b] = remainder;
} while (0 != ++b);
}
int main()
{
unsigned long crcTable[256];
make_crc_table(crcTable);
// Print the CRC table
for (size_t i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
std::cout << "0x";
std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << crcTable[i];
if (i % 16 == 15)
std::cout << "," << std::endl;
else
std::cout << ", ";
}
return 0;
}
The output:
0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01,
0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03,
0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00,
0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00,
0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03,
0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01,
0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01,
0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00,
0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03,
0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03,
0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00,
0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02,
0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x03, 0x01,
Original question ends here.
Update after rcgldr's answer:
#include <iostream>
#include <bitset>
#include <iomanip>
void make_crc_table(unsigned int crcTable[])
{
unsigned char POLYNOMIAL = 0xc;
unsigned char remainder;
unsigned char b = 0;
do
{
remainder = b;
for (int bit = 8; bit > 0; --bit)
{
if (remainder & 0x80)
remainder = (remainder << 1) ^ POLYNOMIAL;
else
remainder = (remainder << 1);
}
crcTable[(size_t)b] = remainder;
} while (0 != ++b);
}
int main()
{
unsigned int crcTable[256];
make_crc_table(crcTable);
for (size_t i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
std::cout << "0x";
std::cout << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << std::hex << (crcTable[i]);
if (i % 16 == 15)
std::cout << "," << std::endl;
else
std::cout << ", ";
}
return 0;
}
Output of the code:
0x00, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x14, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x28, 0x24, 0x60, 0x6c, 0x78, 0x74, 0x50, 0x5c, 0x48, 0x44,
0xc0, 0xcc, 0xd8, 0xd4, 0xf0, 0xfc, 0xe8, 0xe4, 0xa0, 0xac, 0xb8, 0xb4, 0x90, 0x9c, 0x88, 0x84,
0x8c, 0x80, 0x94, 0x98, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0xa4, 0xa8, 0xec, 0xe0, 0xf4, 0xf8, 0xdc, 0xd0, 0xc4, 0xc8,
0x4c, 0x40, 0x54, 0x58, 0x7c, 0x70, 0x64, 0x68, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x34, 0x38, 0x1c, 0x10, 0x04, 0x08,
0x14, 0x18, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x24, 0x28, 0x3c, 0x30, 0x74, 0x78, 0x6c, 0x60, 0x44, 0x48, 0x5c, 0x50,
0xd4, 0xd8, 0xcc, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0xe8, 0xfc, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xb8, 0xac, 0xa0, 0x84, 0x88, 0x9c, 0x90,
0x98, 0x94, 0x80, 0x8c, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0xb0, 0xbc, 0xf8, 0xf4, 0xe0, 0xec, 0xc8, 0xc4, 0xd0, 0xdc,
0x58, 0x54, 0x40, 0x4c, 0x68, 0x64, 0x70, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x34, 0x20, 0x2c, 0x08, 0x04, 0x10, 0x1c,
0x28, 0x24, 0x30, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x14, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x48, 0x44, 0x50, 0x5c, 0x78, 0x74, 0x60, 0x6c,
0xe8, 0xe4, 0xf0, 0xfc, 0xd8, 0xd4, 0xc0, 0xcc, 0x88, 0x84, 0x90, 0x9c, 0xb8, 0xb4, 0xa0, 0xac,
0xa4, 0xa8, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0x94, 0x98, 0x8c, 0x80, 0xc4, 0xc8, 0xdc, 0xd0, 0xf4, 0xf8, 0xec, 0xe0,
0x64, 0x68, 0x7c, 0x70, 0x54, 0x58, 0x4c, 0x40, 0x04, 0x08, 0x1c, 0x10, 0x34, 0x38, 0x2c, 0x20,
0x3c, 0x30, 0x24, 0x28, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x14, 0x18, 0x5c, 0x50, 0x44, 0x48, 0x6c, 0x60, 0x74, 0x78,
0xfc, 0xf0, 0xe4, 0xe8, 0xcc, 0xc0, 0xd4, 0xd8, 0x9c, 0x90, 0x84, 0x88, 0xac, 0xa0, 0xb4, 0xb8,
0xb0, 0xbc, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0x80, 0x8c, 0x98, 0x94, 0xd0, 0xdc, 0xc8, 0xc4, 0xe0, 0xec, 0xf8, 0xf4,
0x70, 0x7c, 0x68, 0x64, 0x40, 0x4c, 0x58, 0x54, 0x10, 0x1c, 0x08, 0x04, 0x20, 0x2c, 0x38, 0x34,

The bit order matters. The question's code is using reflected input and output. That means the polynomial should be bit reversed from 0x03 to 0x0c. To confirm this, table entry [0x80] should be 0x0c.
For the Interlaken table, the code should look like:
void make_crc_table(unsigned char crcTable[])
{
unsigned char POLYNOMIAL = 0x30;
unsigned char remainder;
unsigned char b = 0;
do
{
remainder = b;
for (int bit = 8; bit > 0; --bit)
{
if (remainder & 0x80)
remainder = (remainder << 1) ^ POLYNOMIAL;
else
remainder = (remainder << 1);
}
crcTable[(size_t)b] = remainder;
} while (0 != ++b);
}
Note that the CRC will be in the upper 4 bits of a byte. When done, the code will need to return (crc>>4)^0x0f.

Related

Problem at reading and storing binary GPS data on SD Card

As Hardware, I'm using an Arduino Due and a GPS Receiver from u-Blox (https://www.sparkfun.com/products/15005) for my project. I basically want to retrieve a certain message (UBX-RXM-RAWX) via UART. As I will parse this message in post-processing, it would be fine to just read all binary data and store it directly onto an SD card. Unfortunately, not being very experienced in C++, I'm having troubles storing binary data into any file.
I see I'm missing some general knowledge there, and so I wanted to ask if you could help me out? My code is attached as well or can be found on github: https://github.com/dariopa/GPS-Logging-Station/blob/master/GPS%20Station/_UBX_GPS_StoreBinaryMessage_RAWX_DUE/_UBX_GPS_StoreBinaryMessage_RAWX_DUE.ino
Thanks for any help!
// RETRIEVE RAWX MESSAGE FOR RINEX GENERATION.
// Microcontroller: Arduino DUE
// GPS Receiver: NEO-M8P-2 (https://www.sparkfun.com/products/15005)
#include <SD.h>
File binaryFile;
const int CS = 10; // ChipSelect
const char UBLOX_INIT[] PROGMEM = {
// Disable NMEA
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x24, // GxGGA off
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x2B, // GxGLL off
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x32, // GxGSA off
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x39, // GxGSV off
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x04, 0x40, // GxRMC off
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x05, 0x47, // GxVTG off
// Disable UBX
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x46, // RXM-RAWX off
// Enable UBX
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0x02, 0x15, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x4B, // RXM-RAWX on
// Rate
0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x08, 0x06, 0x00, 0xE8, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x39, //(1Hz)
// 0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x08, 0x06, 0x00, 0xD0, 0x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xED, 0xBD, // (0.5Hz)
// 0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x08, 0x06, 0x00, 0xB8, 0x0B, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xD9, 0x41, // (0.33Hz)
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial1.begin(9600);
delay(3000);
// send configuration data in UBX protocol
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(UBLOX_INIT); i++) {
Serial1.write( pgm_read_byte(UBLOX_INIT + i) );
Serial.write( pgm_read_byte(UBLOX_INIT + i) );
delay(10); // simulating a 38400baud pace (or less), otherwise commands are not accepted by the device.
}
// SD CARD
// Initialize SD Card
pinMode(CS, OUTPUT);
if (!SD.begin(CS)) {
Serial.println("Initialization of SD card failed - Freeze!");
while (1) {}
}
else {
Serial.println("Initialization done.");
}
}
void loop() {
if (Serial1.available()) {
// read from port serial, send to port Serial:
char Coord[300] = {Serial1.read()};
Serial.write(Coord);
binaryFile = SD.open("Data.bin", FILE_WRITE);
if (binaryFile) {
binaryFile.println(Coord);
}
}
}
char Coord[300] = {Serial1.read()};
This initialized Coord[0] to the return of Serial1.read(). The rest of 299 member of Coord array are initialized with zero.
If Serial1.read() returns an integer int. If it's -1 than read was not succcessfull. Otherwise it's one valid character.
You want to read one character at a time and store it:
void setup() {
...
// is there a point in opening the binaryFile each loop!?
binaryFile = SD.open("Data.bin", FILE_WRITE);
if (!binaryFile) {
// handle errror
assert(0);
}
}
void loop() {
if (Serial1.available()) {
int ci = Serial1.read();
if (ci == -1) {
// handle errpr
return;
}
char c = ci;
Serial.write(c);
binaryFile.write(c);
}
}

CRC16 checksum calculation: which one is correct?

Currently I'm working on Modbus protocol, which requires a CRC checksum. I implemented three functions, generating different results:
CRC16_table: implemented based on modbus manual above page 114, this's a look-up-table way, but I didn't verify the table provided in the manual.
CRC16_modbus: implemented based on modbus manual page 112, this's a naive way
CRC16_origin: implemented based on this article and have the same result with this calculator at least.
My code is as follow:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
static unsigned char auchCRCHi[] = {
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40
};
static char auchCRCLo[] = {
0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4,
0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD,
0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7,
0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE,
0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2,
0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB,
0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91,
0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88,
0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80,
0x40
};
unsigned short CRC16_table(char* message, int len)
{
unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF;
unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF;
unsigned uIndex;
while(len--)
{
uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *message++;
uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex];
uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex];
}
return (((unsigned short)uchCRCHi << 8) | (unsigned short)uchCRCLo);
}
unsigned short CRC16_origin(char* message, int len)
{
const unsigned short generator = 0xA001;
unsigned short crc = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
{
crc ^= (unsigned short)(message[i] << 8);
for(int b = 0; b < 8; ++b)
{
if((crc & 0x8000) != 0)
{
crc <<= 1;
crc ^= generator;
}
else
crc <<= 1;
}
}
return crc;
}
unsigned short CRC16_modbus(char* message, int len)
{
const unsigned short generator = 0xA001;
unsigned short crc = 0xFFFF;
for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
{
crc ^= (unsigned short)message[i];
for(int b = 0; b < 8; ++b)
{
if((crc & 1) != 0)
{
crc >>= 1;
crc ^= generator;
}
else
crc >>= 1;
}
}
return crc;
}
int main()
{
char message[] = {0x01, 0x06,0x00, 0x63, 0x04, 0x00};
int len = 6;
unsigned short temp1 = CRC16_table(message, len);
unsigned short temp2 = CRC16_origin(message, len);
unsigned short temp3 = CRC16_modbus(message, len);
cout<<hex<<temp1<<endl;
cout<<hex<<temp2<<endl;
cout<<hex<<temp3<<endl;
return 0;
}
Could anyone help me point out which one is correct? Based on what I read, I believe CRC16_origin is most likely right, but I'm still not sure because the other two are from an official manual; I'm stuck on this for almost a week, let me know if you have any advice, thanks!
Modbus uses an initial value of 0xffff.
Your third example uses an initial value of zero, poorly enforced in their illiterate example.
They aren't going to deliver the same results. Stick with the Modbus code.
Of the three approaches:
CRC16_table is correct, but only on a big endian CPU. In the old days a table-based approach would be the fastest approach, but it does not port between processors well.
CRC16_origin uses the wrong seed value. It computes a CRC for something, but not modbus.
CRC16_modbus is correct and portable.
With a modern processor the performance difference between the CRC16_table and CRC16_modbus approaches may not be worth the portability issues. Profile it and find out. On my PC they run neck-and-neck, which say go with the simplest and most portable. On an ARM or MSP430, who can say?
Experimental hack code:
#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
uint16_t sizeeffect; // hack global to force execution of loops
static unsigned char auchCRCHi[] = {
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01,
0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81,
0x40
};
static unsigned char auchCRCLo[] = {
0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4,
0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD,
0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7,
0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE,
0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2,
0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB,
0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91,
0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88,
0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80,
0x40
};
unsigned short CRC16_table(char* message, int len)
{
unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF;
unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF;
unsigned uIndex;
while(len--)
{
uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *message++;
uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex];
uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex];
}
return (((unsigned short)uchCRCHi << 8) | (unsigned short)uchCRCLo);
}
// CRC table I'm using for Wintell and PC linux
static const uint16_t lCRCTable[] =
{
0x0000, 0xC0C1, 0xC181, 0x0140, 0xC301, 0x03C0, 0x0280, 0xC241,
0xC601, 0x06C0, 0x0780, 0xC741, 0x0500, 0xC5C1, 0xC481, 0x0440,
0xCC01, 0x0CC0, 0x0D80, 0xCD41, 0x0F00, 0xCFC1, 0xCE81, 0x0E40,
0x0A00, 0xCAC1, 0xCB81, 0x0B40, 0xC901, 0x09C0, 0x0880, 0xC841,
0xD801, 0x18C0, 0x1980, 0xD941, 0x1B00, 0xDBC1, 0xDA81, 0x1A40,
0x1E00, 0xDEC1, 0xDF81, 0x1F40, 0xDD01, 0x1DC0, 0x1C80, 0xDC41,
0x1400, 0xD4C1, 0xD581, 0x1540, 0xD701, 0x17C0, 0x1680, 0xD641,
0xD201, 0x12C0, 0x1380, 0xD341, 0x1100, 0xD1C1, 0xD081, 0x1040,
0xF001, 0x30C0, 0x3180, 0xF141, 0x3300, 0xF3C1, 0xF281, 0x3240,
0x3600, 0xF6C1, 0xF781, 0x3740, 0xF501, 0x35C0, 0x3480, 0xF441,
0x3C00, 0xFCC1, 0xFD81, 0x3D40, 0xFF01, 0x3FC0, 0x3E80, 0xFE41,
0xFA01, 0x3AC0, 0x3B80, 0xFB41, 0x3900, 0xF9C1, 0xF881, 0x3840,
0x2800, 0xE8C1, 0xE981, 0x2940, 0xEB01, 0x2BC0, 0x2A80, 0xEA41,
0xEE01, 0x2EC0, 0x2F80, 0xEF41, 0x2D00, 0xEDC1, 0xEC81, 0x2C40,
0xE401, 0x24C0, 0x2580, 0xE541, 0x2700, 0xE7C1, 0xE681, 0x2640,
0x2200, 0xE2C1, 0xE381, 0x2340, 0xE101, 0x21C0, 0x2080, 0xE041,
0xA001, 0x60C0, 0x6180, 0xA141, 0x6300, 0xA3C1, 0xA281, 0x6240,
0x6600, 0xA6C1, 0xA781, 0x6740, 0xA501, 0x65C0, 0x6480, 0xA441,
0x6C00, 0xACC1, 0xAD81, 0x6D40, 0xAF01, 0x6FC0, 0x6E80, 0xAE41,
0xAA01, 0x6AC0, 0x6B80, 0xAB41, 0x6900, 0xA9C1, 0xA881, 0x6840,
0x7800, 0xB8C1, 0xB981, 0x7940, 0xBB01, 0x7BC0, 0x7A80, 0xBA41,
0xBE01, 0x7EC0, 0x7F80, 0xBF41, 0x7D00, 0xBDC1, 0xBC81, 0x7C40,
0xB401, 0x74C0, 0x7580, 0xB541, 0x7700, 0xB7C1, 0xB681, 0x7640,
0x7200, 0xB2C1, 0xB381, 0x7340, 0xB101, 0x71C0, 0x7080, 0xB041,
0x5000, 0x90C1, 0x9181, 0x5140, 0x9301, 0x53C0, 0x5280, 0x9241,
0x9601, 0x56C0, 0x5780, 0x9741, 0x5500, 0x95C1, 0x9481, 0x5440,
0x9C01, 0x5CC0, 0x5D80, 0x9D41, 0x5F00, 0x9FC1, 0x9E81, 0x5E40,
0x5A00, 0x9AC1, 0x9B81, 0x5B40, 0x9901, 0x59C0, 0x5880, 0x9841,
0x8801, 0x48C0, 0x4980, 0x8941, 0x4B00, 0x8BC1, 0x8A81, 0x4A40,
0x4E00, 0x8EC1, 0x8F81, 0x4F40, 0x8D01, 0x4DC0, 0x4C80, 0x8C41,
0x4400, 0x84C1, 0x8581, 0x4540, 0x8701, 0x47C0, 0x4680, 0x8641,
0x8201, 0x42C0, 0x4380, 0x8341, 0x4100, 0x81C1, 0x8081, 0x4040
};
// CRC table I'm using for Wintell and PC linux
uint16_t CRC16 (const uint8_t *datap, size_t len)
{
uint8_t loc;
uint16_t crc = 0xFFFF;
while (len--)
{
loc = *datap++ ^ crc;
crc >>= 8;
crc ^= lCRCTable[loc];
}
return crc;
}
unsigned short CRC16_modbus(const char* message, int len)
{
const unsigned short generator = 0xA001;
unsigned short crc = 0xFFFF;
for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
{
crc ^= (unsigned short)message[i];
for(int b = 0; b < 8; ++b)
{
if((crc & 1) != 0)
{
crc >>= 1;
crc ^= generator;
}
else
crc >>= 1;
}
}
return crc;
}
int main()
{
char message[] = "I am the very model of a modern major general.";
uint16_t a = CRC16((uint8_t *)message, sizeof(message));
uint16_t b = CRC16_modbus(message, sizeof(message));
uint16_t c = CRC16_table(message, sizeof(message));
if (a == b)
{
std::cout << "A-B Match"<< std::endl;
}
else
{
std::cout << a << std::endl;
std::cout << b << std::endl;
}
if (a == c)
{
std::cout << "A-C Match"<< std::endl;
}
else
{
std::cout << a << std::endl;
std::cout << c << std::endl;
}
int count = 10000000;
std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock> start, end;
start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
while (count--)
{
sizeeffect = CRC16((uint8_t *)message, sizeof(message));
}
end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
std::cout << "Table took " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end-start).count() << "\n";
count = 10000000;
start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
while (count--)
{
sizeeffect = CRC16((uint8_t *)message, sizeof(message));
}
end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
std::cout << "Calc took " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end-start).count() << "\n";
}
Typical output:
A-B Match
5874
61974
Table took 900167
Calc took 892935
Besides other answer, I should use unsigned char* as the first parameter instead of char* in my functions because when I convert it to unsigned short, if it's char * and MSB is 1, it will add ff for the high byte, which is obviously wrong!
Thanks everyone here! Solved!

I have got data from Wireshark, in C array form, and now i m getting trouble to decode it in normal form

Below is the data i've got from wireshark and not able to crack it.
char peer0_13[] = {
0x02, 0xb6, 0x8d, 0x7c, 0x7a, 0x56, 0x2f, 0x06,
0xde, 0x6c, 0xd9, 0x55, 0x78, 0xd3, 0x12, 0xf9,
0xe5, 0x4a, 0x57, 0x02, 0xdc, 0xb7, 0x1c, 0x75,
0x5b, 0x9c, 0x51, 0x51, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x3a, 0x9a,
0xca, 0x50, 0xeb, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0,
0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28,
0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a,
0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02,
0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00,
0xa0, 0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40,
0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50,
0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14,
0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05,
0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01,
0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02, 0x80,
0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0,
0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28,
0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02, 0x80, 0x50, 0x0a,
0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00, 0xa0, 0x14, 0x02,
0x80, 0x50, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x40, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00,
0xa0, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xd9 };
I am not getting that how to convert this data into plain text / string so that it is easy to read.
Here are some manual tricks i've applied to get in plain text.
(First solution is not working properly, as it gives me garbage values).
#1.
for (int i = 0; i <= sizeof (peer0_13); i++)
{
printf ("%c",peer0_13[i]);
}
#2.
cout << peer0_13 << endl ;
#3.
printf ("%s\n", peer0_13);
Please help to convert this data into normal string.
Any help would be grateful. :)
You can not convert the above char vector into String since I see 0x00 at the end of the line before the last. char[] is a String but if you need to copy its data into a normal string then you have to copy all of the chars to an empty string one by one using a loop, but the 0x00 value will truncate the string.
Note that in your first loop you need to change the condition to i < sizeof (peer0_13) and eleminate the equal sign which raises an index out of bound error.
If you meant to read the char array as a String that a human could understand and you need to just print it out, You have to exclude the null characters (0x00) while copying it into a String or erase null character from your array and simply use %s with a printf.

Arduino - How to return the correct bitmap image array

I have three array, like this, that contains my bitmap images:
static unsigned char __attribute__ ((progmem)) impostazioni_logo[]={
0x00, 0x02, 0x7E, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x70, 0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,
0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x10, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x10, 0x08, 0x08,
0x08, 0x10, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x48, 0x48, 0x08, 0x08, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x7E, 0x08,
0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x48, 0x48, 0x48, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x48, 0x28,
0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x10, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78,
0x10, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x0F, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00,
0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x08, 0x08,
0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,
0x08, 0x08, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x07, 0x08, 0x08,
0x08, 0x04, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x0A, 0x09, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00,
0x03, 0x04, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x04, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0F,
0x00, 0x00, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, };
Now i want a function return the correct array to display on lcd by passing the page parameter.
unsigned char logo(int page){
char buffer[32];
switch(page){
case 1:
for(int i=0;i<sizeof(impostazioni_logo);i++){
strcpy_P(buffer,pgm_read_byte(&(impostazioni_logo[i]))); //<==pgm_read_byte comes from here:http://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/PROGMEM
}
break;
}
return buffer;
}
it doesn't work. Compiler tell me something wrong about conversion.
EDIT:
caller is a simply function that draw the right image. Images can be different for different pages. Number of pages are near 20:
void drawLogo(){
glcd.drawbitmap(15,1, logo(), 90,16); //display lcd library for ST7565
}
There are a few issues with this code:
return type for logo is unsigned char while you are returning char *
pgm_read_byte supposedly returns a byte, so you could simply do buffer[i]=pgm_read_byte(...)
buffer that you are trying to return is allocated on the stack and will not exist after function returns.
You should probably be using strlcpy_P instead.
Update:
1. Assuming you have a fixed number of pages. Try creating a bitmap per page, like:
static unsigned char __attribute__ ((progmem)) impostazioni_logo_page1[]={..}
2. return a pointer to each pages' logo:
unsigned char* logo(int page)
{
switch(page)
{
case 1:
return impostazioni_logo_page1;
break;
}
return NULL;
}
If you like to have all bitmaps in a single array, calculate an offset in the array and return that instead:
int offset = page_num*page_size_in_chars;
return &impostazioni_logo_all_pages[offset];
Update 2: Another option to manage pages:
static unsigned char* pages[] = { impostazioni_logo_page1, impostazioni_logo_page2, ... }
...
glcd.drawbitmap(15,1, pages[page_index], 90,16);

This may be due to a corruption of the heap, which indicates a bug in testcrypto.exe or any of the DLLs it has loaded

#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stdint.h>
class PasswordCrypt
{
public:
PasswordCrypt(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer);
~PasswordCrypt(void);
void PassCrypto(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer);
const std::vector<uint8_t>& Encrypt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer);
const std::vector<uint8_t>& Decrypt(std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer);
private:
uint8_t* key;
};
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "PasswordCrypt.h"
PasswordCrypt::PasswordCrypt(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer)
{
this->key = new uint8_t[200];
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0 ; i< buffer.size() ;i++)
sum += buffer[i];
srand(sum);
uint8_t hash[0x10];
for (int i = 0; i < 0x10; i++)
hash[i] =(uint8_t)rand();
for (int i = 1; i < 0x100; i++)
{
key[i * 2] = (uint8_t)i;
key[(i * 2) + 1] = (uint8_t)(i ^ hash[i & 0x0F]);
}
for (int i = 1; i < 0x100; i++)
for (int j = 1 + i; j < 0x100; j++)
if (key[(i * 2) + 1] < key[(j * 2) + 1])
{
key[i * 2] ^= key[j * 2];
key[j * 2] ^= key[i * 2];
key[i * 2] ^= key[j * 2];
key[(i * 2) + 1] ^= key[(j * 2) + 1];
key[(j * 2) + 1] ^= key[(i * 2) + 1];
key[(i * 2) + 1] ^= key[(j * 2) + 1];
}
}
PasswordCrypt::~PasswordCrypt(void)
{
delete[] this->key;
}
const uint8_t scanCodeToVirtualKeyMap[] =
{
0x00, 0x1B, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x30, 0xBD, 0xBB, 0x08, 0x09,
0x51, 0x57, 0x45, 0x52, 0x54, 0x59, 0x55, 0x49, 0x4F, 0x50, 0xDB, 0xDD, 0x0D, 0x11, 0x41, 0x53,
0x44, 0x46, 0x47, 0x48, 0x4A, 0x4B, 0x4C, 0xBA, 0xC0, 0xDF, 0x10, 0xDE, 0x5A, 0x58, 0x43, 0x56,
0x42, 0x4E, 0x4D, 0xBC, 0xBE, 0xBF, 0x10, 0x6A, 0x12, 0x20, 0x14, 0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74,
0x75, 0x76, 0x77, 0x78, 0x79, 0x90, 0x91, 0x24, 0x26, 0x21, 0x6D, 0x25, 0x0C, 0x27, 0x6B, 0x23,
0x28, 0x22, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2C, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x7A, 0x7B, 0x0C, 0xEE, 0xF1, 0xEA, 0xF9, 0xF5, 0xF3,
0x00, 0x00, 0xFB, 0x2F, 0x7C, 0x7D, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0xED,
0x00, 0xE9, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x00, 0x00, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xEB, 0x09, 0x00, 0xC2, 0x00,
};
const uint8_t virtualKeyToScanCodeMap[] =
{
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x4C, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00,
0x2A, 0x1D, 0x38, 0x00, 0x3A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x39, 0x49, 0x51, 0x4F, 0x47, 0x4B, 0x48, 0x4D, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x54, 0x52, 0x53, 0x63,
0x0B, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x1E, 0x30, 0x2E, 0x20, 0x12, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x17, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x32, 0x31, 0x18,
0x19, 0x10, 0x13, 0x1F, 0x14, 0x16, 0x2F, 0x11, 0x2D, 0x15, 0x2C, 0x5B, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x00, 0x5F,
0x52, 0x4F, 0x50, 0x51, 0x4B, 0x4C, 0x4D, 0x47, 0x48, 0x49, 0x37, 0x4E, 0x00, 0x4A, 0x53, 0x35,
0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F, 0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
0x68, 0x69, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6E, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x45, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x2A, 0x36, 0x1D, 0x1D, 0x38, 0x38, 0x6A, 0x69, 0x67, 0x68, 0x65, 0x66, 0x32, 0x20, 0x2E, 0x30,
0x19, 0x10, 0x24, 0x22, 0x6C, 0x6D, 0x6B, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x0D, 0x33, 0x0C, 0x34, 0x35,
0x28, 0x73, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1A, 0x56, 0x1B, 0x2B, 0x29,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x71, 0x5C, 0x7B, 0x00, 0x6F, 0x5A, 0x00,
0x00, 0x5B, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x00, 0x5E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5D, 0x00, 0x62, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};
const std::vector<uint8_t>& PasswordCrypt::Encrypt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
{
std::vector<uint8_t> result(buffer.size());
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++)
{
bool upper = false;
if (buffer[i] == 0) break;
else
{
uint8_t b =this->key[buffer[i] * 2];
if (b > 0x80)
{
b = (uint8_t)(this->key[buffer[i] * 2] - 0x80);
upper = true;
}
result[i] += scanCodeToVirtualKeyMap[b];
}
if (!upper && result[i] >= 'A' && result[i] <= 'Z') result[i] += 'a' - 'A';
}
return result;
}
const std::vector<uint8_t>& PasswordCrypt::Decrypt(std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
{
std::vector<uint8_t> result(buffer.size(), 0);
for (int j = 0; j < buffer.size(); j++)
{
uint8_t c = buffer[j];
if (buffer[j] >= 'a' && buffer[j] <= 'z')
buffer[j] -= 'a' - 'A';
uint8_t d = virtualKeyToScanCodeMap[buffer[j]];
if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
d += 0x80;
for (uint8_t i = 0; i <= 255; i++)
{
uint8_t b = (uint8_t)this->key[i * 2];
if (b == d)
{
result[j] = i;
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "PasswordCrypt.h"
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
void output_hex(std::ostream& out, std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
for (std::vector<uint8_t>::iterator i=data.begin();i<data.end();i++)
out << std::hex
<< std::setw(2)
<< std::setfill('0')
<< static_cast<int>(data[*i])
<< " ";
out << endl;
}
int main()
{
std::string test="Hellow World!";
std::vector<uint8_t> buf(test.begin(), test.end());
PasswordCrypt dec(buf);
//output_hex(cout, buf);
std::vector<uint8_t> enced = dec.Encrypt(buf);
//output_hex(cout, enced);
std::vector<uint8_t> deced = dec.Decrypt(enced);
//output_hex(cout, deced);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
Error:
Windows has triggered a breakpoint in
testcrypto.exe.
This may be due to a corruption of the
heap, which indicates a bug in
testcrypto.exe or any of the DLLs it
has loaded.
This may also be due to the user
pressing F12 while testcrypto.exe has
focus.
You have a classic buffer overrun. Here you allocate 200 bytes for key:
this->key = new uint8_t[200];
Here, however:
for (int i = 1; i < 0x100; i++)
{
key[i * 2] = (uint8_t)i;
You (attempt to) write to k[2] through key[2 * 0x100]. 2 * 0x100 is 0x200, which is 512 in decimal. It would appear that where you allocate the buffer, you should really allocate 0x200 elements.
Some of the other code looks like it tries to access key[0x200] -- to make that work, you'd want/need to allocate 0x201 elements (0x200 elements will run from key[0] through key[0x1ff] inclusive).
Edit: doing a bit more looking, it gets even worse. Perhaps putting these three lines next to each other will make the next problem more obvious:
const std::vector<uint8_t>& PasswordCrypt::Encrypt(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer)
{
std::vector<uint8_t> result(buffer.size());
[ ...]
return result;
You're returning a reference to a local variable, so the caller receives a dangling reference.
j < 0x100;
0x100 is not the same as 100. It's 256. And your key array is only 200 elements long.
You then go off and try to access key[j * 2], which is way off the end of the array, trampling all over random bits of memory. That's your problem.
Your other problem is using xor-swapping instead of something more readable - while you might think it's a "neat trick", it really isn't. It makes things much less legible and doesn't provide any meaningful performance benefit.