Parameter passed by a reference behaves like a copy - c++

I'm having two pointers called Character *current = nullptr; and Character *target = nullptr;.
I'm changing them by a function:
void Position::Current(const Vector2f & mouse_position, Character *& current)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
if ((mouse_position.x >= 245 + i * 164 && mouse_position.x <= 370 + i * 164) &&
(mouse_position.y >= 56 + j * 201 && mouse_position.y <= 221 + j * 201))
{
current = &positioning[i][j];
cout << "Selected: " << current->name << endl;
cout << endl;
current->health -= 5; //it doesn't change anything
break;
}
}
}
}
Target() function is implemented by the same way.
Both functions select the right character, but it looks like those are copies of original objects (I cant change character's statistics) .
Character positioning[4][5] is array filled with characters. I can add them on specific positions by function:
void Position::Add(Character & character, int x, int y)
{
if ((x >= 0 && x < 4) && (y >= 0 && y < 5))
{
positioning[x][y] = character; //is this a problem ?
Character::position[x][y] = true;
character.x = x;
character.y = y;
}
}
Position class has only one object.
In main() it looks like this:
positionx.Add(knight, 3, 4);
positionx.Add(demon, 2, 4);
and then:
if ((event.type == Event::MouseButtonPressed) && (event.mouseButton.button == Mouse::Right))
{
Vector2i pos = Mouse::getPosition(window);
Vector2f position = (Vector2f)pos;
positionx.Current(position, current);
}
Current function should take 5 health from selected character, but nothing like that happens.
Where have I made a mistake?
Thanks for any answer.

Problem solved!
I just had to make Character positioning[4][5] -> Character *positioning[4][5]
Then after clicking on a certain character, it finally started to behave like an original object.

Related

Passing an object by reference to function doesnt change this object

so basically, I'm trying to pass an object to my function Attack():
void Character::Attack(Character &another, short int range)
{
if (EnemyInRange(range) && another.health > 0)
{
if (allowed_to_attack)
{
attacked = true;
cout << name << " attacked " << another.name << " taking " << attack << " damage" << endl;
if (another.defensive > 0) // less important things down there
{
another.defensive--;
if (attack > another.defensive)
{
another.health -= (attack - another.defensive);
}
}
else if (another.defensive == 0)
{
another.health -= attack;
}
if (another.defensive <= 0)
another.defensive = 0;
if (another.health <= 0)
{
another.health = 0;
another.draw = false;
another.~Character();
}
}
else
{
attacked = false;
cout << "Blocked" << endl;
}
}
else
cout << name << " wanted to attack " << another.name << " ,but he's out of the range" << endl;
As you see, I'm using reference to pass an object. BUT, when I call this function:
void onClick(Vector2f mouse_position, Character current, Character *& target, Position &positionx)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
{
if ((mouse_position.x >= 245 + i * 164 && mouse_position.x <= 370 + i * 164) &&
(mouse_position.y >= 56 + j * 201 && mouse_position.y <= 221 + j * 201))
{ // there's a 2d map with cards on those positions
target = &positionx.positioning[i][j];
current.Attack(*target);
}
}
}
}
positioning is an array filled with characters
It's behaving like I passed a copy of an object target (it writes out name, but it doesn't change its health)
in main() it looks like this:
Character *current = new Character();
Character *target = NULL;
if ((event.type == Event::MouseButtonPressed) && (event.mouseButton.button == Mouse::Left))//SFML lib
{
Vector2i pos = Mouse::getPosition(window);
Vector2f position = (Vector2f)pos;
onClick(position, *current, target, positionx);
} // target is selected after clicking on it
In the function onClick, the variable current is passed by value not reference. I assume that is supposed to be passed by reference:
void onClick(Vector2f mouse_position, Character &current, Character *target, Position &positionx)
Notice the argument current has been updated to a reference.
Edit:
Looking at the body of the Attack function, if the line printing out the name is met, are you sure the if-conditional statements if(another.defensive > 0) and if(attack > another.defensive) are met?
Do you think that Position &positionx might be a problem here? The most important part of onClick() function is target = &positionx.positioning[i][j]. But its passed by reference, so it shouldnt make a problem.

Why can't my code record the results of the game?

I've been trying to do this program for a while now but i have a problem for some reason.
I am supposed to make a program where I have a 8*8 2D array with a mouse situated in the center of an island surrounded with by 1*1 2D array of water and a cat that is located in another fixed location (away from the mouse) The mouse is allowed to move one tile per move and can not move diagonally.
The movement is determined by a random number generator that is limited to 0,1,2 and 3 {each number represents a direction). The mouse is allowed 100 moves and then the game stops, it also stops when the mouse bumps into the cat (death), crosses a bridge that is situated in the middle of the right side(escape)or goes into water (drown) the program is supposed to run a couple of times and record the number of deaths, escapes and drowns.but I keep getting zero deaths, zero escapes and zero drowns every time i try to run the program.
here is my code:
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace std;
#define N 9
#define M 9
int direction(int x, int A[M][N], int row, int col)
{
int m;
if (x == 0)
m = A[row - 1][col]; //North
if (x == 1)
m = A[row+1][col]; //South
if (x == 2)
m = A[row][col - 1]; //West
if (x == 3)
m = A[row][col + 1]; //East
return m;
}
int main()
{
int v, S1, S2, S3, S4;
int Mouse, Cat, Bridge;
int death = 0, escape = 0, drown = 0;
int A[M][N];
for (int a = 0;a < 10;a++)
{
for (int i = 0;i < M;i++)
S1 = A[i][0] = 4;
for (int i = 0;i < M;i++)
S2 = A[i][8] = 4;
for (int j = 0;j < N;j++)
S3 = A[0][j] = 4;
for (int j = 0;j < N;j++)
S4 = A[8][j] = 4;
for (int i = 1;i < M;i++)
{
for (int j = 1;j < N;j++)
A[i][j] = 0;
}
Mouse = A[4][4] = 1; //mouse
Cat = A[5][2] = 2; //cat
Bridge = A[4][8] = 3; //bridge
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
for (int b = 0;b < 100;b++)
{ v = rand() % 4;
int m=direction(v, A, 4, 4);
if (m == Cat)
{
death++;
break;
}
else if (m == Bridge)
{
escape++;
break;
}
else if (m == S1 || m == S2 || m == S3 || m == S4)
{
drown++;
break;
}
}
}
cout << "The mouse died " << death << " times and escaped " << escape << " times and drowned " << drown << " times" << endl;
return 0;
}
The mouse never moves from initial location and the terrain near the mouse is safe. So nothing can happen.
Replace the cicle in the code with
int x = 4,y=4; // Mouse coords
for (int b = 0;b < 100;b++)
{ v = rand() % 4;
int m=direction(v, A, x, y);
if (m == Cat)
{
death++;
break;
}
else if (m == Bridge)
{
escape++;
break;
}
else if (m == S1 || m == S2 || m == S3 || m == S4)
{
drown++;
break;
}
// Nothing happened, move the mouse
A[x][y] = 0; // Clear the actual mouse location
if(v==0) x--;
if(v==1) x++;
if(v==2) y--;
if(v==4) y++;
A[x][y] = 1; // Mark the mouse on the map
}
There are some problems: you said the program should run a couple of times, but actually it runs just once. Worst of all, when the mouse reach the cat, the bridge, or drown, the program exits with:
return 0;
If you want to run it twice (or as many times as you want), you should put a loop like
for (int a = 0;a < 2;a++)
just after the variable declarations and before the initialization of the grid. This way, every time it runs the loop it reinitialize everything except your count variables.
Then, you should substitute the return(0) with a break;, so the inner loop exits every time something happens but the program still runs, and at the end you'll se the output print with your counts.
Oh, and I just saw you call direction with the third and fourth paarmeters fixed to "4".
...oh...and the mouse doesn't move at all. You should also update its location in the grid.

Knight Tour Index and Moving Algorithm Bugs

The goal of this program is for the knight to move around the chest board and only touching each spot once.
Each spot is initialized and set to zero by default.
As the knight moves, each spot the knight touches should correspond with the number of moves taken to reach that point.
However, I am having quite a few problems
1) My Knight is moving around the board and going either out of bound of the multidimensional chess board array or manipulates the movement arrays (horizontal[] and vertical[])
2) The conditions of my boolean functions MoveOnBoard && MoveHasNotBeenMade are that if the next possible move is between the exisiting rows and columns also if the spot being moved to has a value of 0(meaning it has yet to be moved to). However, both of these conditions
seem to be ignored.
How would I go about fixing this?
Thank you in advance!
Here's the code below
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <array>
void DefinedMoveSet();
void RenderBoard();
void MoveKnight(int& moveChoice, int& numberOfMovesMade);
void PossibleMoves();
bool MoveOnBoard(int& moveChoice);
bool MoveHasNotBeenMade(int& moveChoice);
// Two single dimenisional arrays to store move positions for the Knight
// Arrays have yet to be assigned values
int vertical[8], horizontal[8];
int currentRow = 4, currentColumn = 3;
// Initializing an array with the dimension 8 * 8
int chestBoard[8][8] = { 0 };
int main()
{
DefinedMoveSet();
PossibleMoves();
RenderBoard();
cin.ignore();
return 0;
}
void RenderBoard()
{
// The outer loop goes through each row until it reaches 8
for (int boardRow = 0; boardRow < 8; boardRow++)
{
// The inner loop takes in the specific row
for (int boardColumn = 0; boardColumn < 8; boardColumn++)
{
// Then iterates through the columns of that row until it reaches 8
// Each index is seperated by a tab escape key shortcut
cout << chestBoard[boardRow][boardColumn] << "\t";
}
// Back to the inner array a new line is printed for the next row
cout << "\n";
}
}
void DefinedMoveSet()
{
// Values for the horizontal array at each index
horizontal[0] = 2;
horizontal[1] = 1;
horizontal[2] = -1;
horizontal[3] = -2;
horizontal[4] = -2;
horizontal[5] = -1;
horizontal[6] = 1;
horizontal[7] = 2;
// Values for the vertical array at each index
vertical[0] = -1;
vertical[1] = -2;
vertical[2] = -2;
vertical[3] = -1;
vertical[4] = 1;
vertical[5] = 2;
vertical[6] = 2;
vertical[7] = 1;
}
bool MoveOnBoard(int& moveChoice)
{
int futureRow = currentRow + vertical[moveChoice];
int futureColumn = currentColumn + horizontal[moveChoice];
if ((0 < futureRow) && (0 < futureColumn) && (futureRow < 8) && (futureColumn < 8))
return true;
}
bool MoveHasNotBeenMade(int& moveChoice)
{
int futureRow = currentRow + vertical[moveChoice];
int futureColumn = currentColumn + horizontal[moveChoice];
if (chestBoard[futureRow][futureColumn] == 0)
return true;
}
void PossibleMoves()
{
bool movesStillExist = true;
int numberOfMovesMade = 1;
while (numberOfMovesMade < 65 && movesStillExist)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if (i == 8)
movesStillExist = false;
if (MoveOnBoard(i) && MoveHasNotBeenMade(i))
{
numberOfMovesMade++;
MoveKnight(i, numberOfMovesMade);
}
}
}
}
void MoveKnight(int &moveChoice, int &numberOfMovesMade)
{
// Takes in the int moveNumber as a parameter
// MoveNumber(or case) must be between 0 and 7
// if there is not a case for the value then the knight will not move
//chestBoard[currentRow][currentColumn] = numberOfMovesMade;
currentRow += vertical[moveChoice];
currentColumn += horizontal[moveChoice];
chestBoard[currentRow][currentColumn] = numberOfMovesMade;
}
in MoveOnBoardand and in MoveHasNotBeenMade instead of
if(...)
return true;
should be
if(...)
return true;
return false;
if condtion == false, function returning not void reach end without return statement.
With the advice from the comments I received, I was able to fix the index issues as well as the return value of the boolean functions.
My main problem was that I was not breaking out of the previous loop after moving.
Easily solved by this if statement
if (MoveOnBoard(i) && MoveHasNotBeenMade(i))
{
MoveKnight(i);
break;
}
I was trying to achieve this by telling the compiler
if (i == 8)
movesStillExist = false;
As pointed out by #Aziuth this condition will never be met because a move at that index does not exist.
So instead for my purposes I changed that condition to be
if (i == 7)
movesStillExist = false;
Also for the index issues my logic was a little off
if (((0 <= futureRow) && (0 <= futureColumn)) && ((futureRow < 8) && (futureColumn < 8)))
return true; // if the future row and column are in bounds then return true
return false; // else the default is false
Also, my code is not idealistic for c++.
Having so many global variables and not enough commenting.
Please understand that the use of single and multidimensional arrays are required due to this being a challenge for my c++ course.
bool MoveOnBoard(int& moveChoice)
{
int futureRow = currentRow + vertical[moveChoice];
int futureColumn = currentColumn + horizontal[moveChoice];
if (((0 <= futureRow) && (0 <= futureColumn)) && ((futureRow < 8) && (futureColumn < 8)))
return true;
return false;
}
bool MoveHasNotBeenMade(int& moveChoice)
{
int futureRow = currentRow + vertical[moveChoice];
int futureColumn = currentColumn + horizontal[moveChoice];
if (chestBoard[futureRow][futureColumn] == 0)
return true;
return false;
}
void PossibleMoves()
{
bool movesStillExist = true;
while (numberOfMovesMade < 65 && movesStillExist)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if (MoveOnBoard(i) && MoveHasNotBeenMade(i))
{
MoveKnight(i);
break;
}
if (i == 7)
movesStillExist = false;
}
}
}
void MoveKnight(int &moveChoice)
{
// Takes in the int moveNumber as a parameter
// MoveNumber(or case) must be between 0 and 7
// if there is not a case for the value then the knight will not move
chestBoard[currentRow][currentColumn] = numberOfMovesMade;
numberOfMovesMade++;
currentRow += vertical[moveChoice];
currentColumn += horizontal[moveChoice];
chestBoard[currentRow][currentColumn] = numberOfMovesMade;
}

Loop through 2D array diagonally with random board size

I was wondering how I can loop through a two dimentional array if the size of the array is random, e.g 6x6 or 10x10 etc. The idea is to search for four of the same kind of characters, 'x' or 'o'. This is typically needed for a board game.
int main() {
int array_size = 5; // Size of array
int array_height = array_size;
bool turn = true; // true = player 1, false = player 2
bool there_is_a_winner = false;
char** p_connect_four = new char*[array_size];
for (int i = 0; i < array_size; i++) // Initialise the 2D array
{ // At the same time set a value "_" as blank field
p_connect_four[i] = new char[array_size];
for (int j = 0; j < array_size; j++) {
p_connect_four[i][j] = '_';
}
}
}
This is what I have so far, checking from [3][0] to [0][3]. But this requires me to add 2 more for loops to check [4][0] to [0][4] and [4][1] to [1][4] IF the size of the board was 5x5.
for (int i = 3, j = 0; i > 0 && j < array_size; i--, j++ ) {// CHECK DOWN up right from 3,0 -> 0,3
if (p_connect_four[i][j] == p_connect_four[i - 1][j + 1] && p_connect_four[i][j] != '_' ) {
check_diagonalRight++;
if (check_diagonalRight == 3) {
there_is_a_winner = true;
break;
}
}
else {
check_diagonalRight = 0;
}
}
if (there_is_a_winner) { // Break while loop of game.
break;
}
Obviously I want to check the whole board diagonally to the right regardless of the size of the board. Is there any other way than having 3 separate for loops for checking
[3][0] -> [0][3] , [4][0] -> [0][4] and [4][1]-> [1][4] ?
for (i = array_size - 1, j = array_size - 2;
i < array_size && i >= 0, j < array_size && j >= 0; j--)
{ // starts from [4][3] and loops to the left if arraysize = 5x5
// but works on any size
int k = i, l = j;
for (k, l; k < array_size && k > 0, l < array_size && l > 0; k--, l++)
{ // checks diagonally to the right
if (check_diagonalRight == 3)
{
there_is_a_winner = true;
break;
}
if (p_connect_four[k][l] == p_connect_four[k - 1][l + 1] &&
p_connect_four[k][l] != '_')
{ //check up one square and right one square
check_diagonalRight++;
}
else
{
check_diagonalRight = 0;
// if its not equal, reset counter.
}
}
if (there_is_a_winner)
{
break; // break for loop
}
}
if (there_is_a_winner)
{
break; // break while loop of game
}
This checks up and right no matter the size, implement it for the other angles as well and it will work for any board size. You could potentially check right and left diagonal at once with nested loops.
This will work perfectly fine for your program! I hope so!
int arraySize = 8;
for(int i=0, j=0; i<arraySize && j<arraySize; i++, j++)
{
if((i == 0 && j == 0) || (i == arraySize - 1 && j == arraySize - 1))
{
continue;
}
else
{
int k = i;
int l = j;
//This Loop will check from central line (principal diagonal) to up right side (like slash sign / (representing direction))
for(k, l; k>0 && l < arraySize - 1; k--, l++)
{
//Here check your condition and increment to your variable. like:
if (p_connect_four[k][l] == p_connect_four[k - 1][l + 1] && p_connect_four[k][l] != '_' )
{
check_diagonalRight++;
}
}
//You can break the loop here if check_diagonalRight != k then break
k = i;
l = j;
//This Loop will check from central line (principal diagonal) to down left side (like slash sign / (representing direction))
for(k, l; k<arraySize - 1 && l > 0; k++, l--)
{
//Here check your condition and increment to your variable. like:
if (p_connect_four[k][l] == p_connect_four[k + 1][l - 1] && p_connect_four[k][l] != '_' )
{
check_diagonalRight++;
}
}
if(check_diagonalRight == i+j+1)
{
there_is_a_winner = true;
break;
}
}
}
I suggest to surround your board with extra special cases to avoid to check the bound.
To test each direction I suggest to use an array of offset to apply.
Following may help:
#include <vector>
using board_t = std::vector<std::vector<char>>;
constexpr const std::size_t MaxAlignment = 4;
enum Case {
Empty = '_',
X = 'X',
O = 'O',
Bound = '.'
};
enum class AlignmentResult { X, O, None };
// Create a new board, valid index would be [1; size] because of surrounding.
board_t new_board(std::size_t size)
{
// Create an empty board
board_t board(size + 2, std::vector<char>(size + 2, Case::Empty));
// Add special surround.
for (std::size_t i = 0; i != size + 2; ++i) {
board[0][i] = Case::Bound;
board[size + 1][i] = Case::Bound;
board[i][0] = Case::Bound;
board[i][size + 1] = Case::Bound;
}
return board_t;
}
// Test a winner from position in given direction.
AlignmentResult test(
const board_t& board,
std::size_t x, std::size_t y,
int offset_x, int offset_y)
{
if (board[x][y] == Case::Empty) {
return AlignmentResult::None;
}
for (std::size_t i = 1; i != MaxAlignment; ++i) {
// Following condition fails when going 'out of bound' thanks to Case::Bound,
// else you have also to check size...
if (board[x][y] != board[x + i * offset_x][y + i * offset_y]) {
return AlignmentResult::None;
}
}
if (board[x][y] == Case::X) {
return AlignmentResult::X;
} else {
return AlignmentResult::O;
}
}
// Test a winner on all the board
AlignmentResult test(const board_t& board)
{
// offset for direction. Use only 4 direction because of the symmetry.
const int offsets_x[] = {1, 1, 1, 0};
const int offsets_y[] = {-1, 0, 1, 1};
const std::size_t size = board.size() - 1;
for (std::size_t x = 1; x != size; ++x) {
for (std::size_t y = 1; y != size; ++y) {
for (std::size_t dir = 0; dir != 4; ++dir) { // for each directions
auto res = test(board, x, y, offsets_x[dir], offsets_y[y]);
if (res != AlignmentResult::None) {
return res;
}
}
}
}
return AlignmentResult::None;
}

Placing random numbers in a grid

I need to place numbers within a grid such that it doesn't collide with each other. This number placement should be random and can be horizontal or vertical. The numbers basically indicate the locations of the ships. So the points for the ships should be together and need to be random and should not collide.
I have tried it:
int main()
{
srand(time(NULL));
int Grid[64];
int battleShips;
bool battleShipFilled;
for(int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
Grid[i]=0;
for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
battleShips = 1;
while(battleShips != 5)
{
int horizontal = rand()%2;
if(horizontal == 0)
{
battleShipFilled = false;
while(!battleShipFilled)
{
int row = rand()%8;
int column = rand()%8;
while(Grid[(row)*8+(column)] == 1)
{
row = rand()%8;
column = rand()%8;
}
int j = 0;
if(i == 1) j= (i+1);
else j= i;
for(int k = -j/2; k <= j/2; k++)
{
int numberOfCorrectLocation = 0;
while(numberOfCorrectLocation != j)
{
if(row+k> 0 && row+k<8)
{
if(Grid[(row+k)*8+(column)] == 1) break;
numberOfCorrectLocation++;
}
}
if(numberOfCorrectLocation !=i) break;
}
for(int k = -j/2; k <= j/2; k++)
Grid[(row+k)*8+(column)] = 1;
battleShipFilled = true;
}
battleShips++;
}
else
{
battleShipFilled = false;
while(!battleShipFilled)
{
int row = rand()%8;
int column = rand()%8;
while(Grid[(row)*8+(column)] == 1)
{
row = rand()%8;
column = rand()%8;
}
int j = 0;
if(i == 1) j= (i+1);
else j= i;
for(int k = -j/2; k <= j/2; k++)
{
int numberOfCorrectLocation = 0;
while(numberOfCorrectLocation != i)
{
if(row+k> 0 && row+k<8)
{
if(Grid[(row)*8+(column+k)] == 1) break;
numberOfCorrectLocation++;
}
}
if(numberOfCorrectLocation !=i) break;
}
for(int k = -j/2; k <= j/2; k++)
Grid[(row)*8+(column+k)] = 1;
battleShipFilled = true;
}
battleShips++;
}
}
}
}
But the code i have written is not able to generate the numbers randomly in the 8x8 grid.
Need some guidance on how to solve this. If there is any better way of doing it, please tell me...
How it should look:
What My code is doing:
Basically, I am placing 5 ships, each of different size on a grid. For each, I check whether I want to place it horizontally or vertically randomly. After that, I check whether the surrounding is filled up or not. If not, I place them there. Or I repeat the process.
Important Point: I need to use just while, for loops..
You are much better of using recursion for that problem. This will give your algorithm unwind possibility. What I mean is that you can deploy each ship and place next part at random end of the ship, then check the new placed ship part has adjacent tiles empty and progress to the next one. if it happens that its touches another ship it will due to recursive nature it will remove the placed tile and try on the other end. If the position of the ship is not valid it should place the ship in different place and start over.
I have used this solution in a word search game, where the board had to be populated with words to look for. Worked perfect.
This is a code from my word search game:
bool generate ( std::string word, BuzzLevel &level, CCPoint position, std::vector<CCPoint> &placed, CCSize lSize )
{
std::string cPiece;
if ( word.size() == 0 ) return true;
if ( !level.inBounds ( position ) ) return false;
cPiece += level.getPiece(position)->getLetter();
int l = cPiece.size();
if ( (cPiece != " ") && (word[0] != cPiece[0]) ) return false;
if ( pointInVec (position, placed) ) return false;
if ( position.x >= lSize.width || position.y >= lSize.height || position.x < 0 || position.y < 0 ) return false;
placed.push_back(position);
bool used[6];
for ( int t = 0; t < 6; t++ ) used[t] = false;
int adj;
while ( (adj = HexCoord::getRandomAdjacentUnique(used)) != -1 )
{
CCPoint nextPosition = HexCoord::getAdjacentGridPositionInDirection((eDirection) adj, position);
if ( generate ( word.substr(1, word.size()), level, nextPosition, placed, lSize ) ) return true;
}
placed.pop_back();
return false;
}
CCPoint getRandPoint ( CCSize size )
{
return CCPoint ( rand() % (int)size.width, rand() % (int)size.height);
}
void generateWholeLevel ( BuzzLevel &level,
blockInfo* info,
const CCSize &levelSize,
vector<CCLabelBMFont*> wordList
)
{
for ( vector<CCLabelBMFont*>::iterator iter = wordList.begin();
iter != wordList.end(); iter++ )
{
std::string cWord = (*iter)->getString();
// CCLog("Curront word %s", cWord.c_str() );
vector<CCPoint> wordPositions;
int iterations = 0;
while ( true )
{
iterations++;
//CCLog("iteration %i", iterations );
CCPoint cPoint = getRandPoint(levelSize);
if ( generate (cWord, level, cPoint, wordPositions, levelSize ) )
{
//Place pieces here
for ( int t = 0; t < cWord.size(); t++ )
{
level.getPiece(wordPositions[t])->addLetter(cWord[t]);
}
break;
}
if ( iterations > 1500 )
{
level.clear();
generateWholeLevel(level, info, levelSize, wordList);
return;
}
}
}
}
I might add that shaped used in the game was a honeycomb. Letter could wind in any direction, so the code above is way more complex then what you are looking for I guess, but will provide a starting point.
I will provide something more suitable when I get back home as I don't have enough time now.
I can see a potential infinite loop in your code
int j = 0;
if(i == 1) j= (i+1);
else j= i;
for(int k = -j/2; k <= j/2; k++)
{
int numberOfCorrectLocation = 0;
while(numberOfCorrectLocation != i)
{
if(row+k> 0 && row+k<8)
{
if(Grid[(row)*8+(column+k)] == 1) break;
numberOfCorrectLocation++;
}
}
if(numberOfCorrectLocation !=i) break;
}
Here, nothing prevents row from being 0, as it was assignd rand%8 earlier, and k can be assigned a negative value (since j can be positive). Once that happens nothing will end the while loop.
Also, I would recommend re-approaching this problem in a more object oriented way (or at the very least breaking up the code in main() into multiple, shorter functions). Personally I found the code a little difficult to follow.
A very quick and probably buggy example of how you could really clean your solution up and make it more flexible by using some OOP:
enum Orientation {
Horizontal,
Vertical
};
struct Ship {
Ship(unsigned l = 1, bool o = Horizontal) : length(l), orientation(o) {}
unsigned char length;
bool orientation;
};
class Grid {
public:
Grid(const unsigned w = 8, const unsigned h = 8) : _w(w), _h(h) {
grid.resize(w * h);
foreach (Ship * sp, grid) {
sp = nullptr;
}
}
bool addShip(Ship * s, unsigned x, unsigned y) {
if ((x <= _w) && (y <= _h)) { // if in valid range
if (s->orientation == Horizontal) {
if ((x + s->length) <= _w) { // if not too big
int p = 0; //check if occupied
for (int c1 = 0; c1 < s->length; ++c1) if (grid[y * _w + x + p++]) return false;
p = 0; // occupy if not
for (int c1 = 0; c1 < s->length; ++c1) grid[y * _w + x + p++] = s;
return true;
} else return false;
} else {
if ((y + s->length) <= _h) {
int p = 0; // check
for (int c1 = 0; c1 < s->length; ++c1) {
if (grid[y * _w + x + p]) return false;
p += _w;
}
p = 0; // occupy
for (int c1 = 0; c1 < s->length; ++c1) {
grid[y * _w + x + p] = s;
p += _w;
}
return true;
} else return false;
}
} else return false;
}
void drawGrid() {
for (int y = 0; y < _h; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < _w; ++x) {
if (grid.at(y * w + x)) cout << "|S";
else cout << "|_";
}
cout << "|" << endl;
}
cout << endl;
}
void hitXY(unsigned x, unsigned y) {
if ((x <= _w) && (y <= _h)) {
if (grid[y * _w + x]) cout << "You sunk my battleship" << endl;
else cout << "Nothing..." << endl;
}
}
private:
QVector<Ship *> grid;
unsigned _w, _h;
};
The basic idea is create a grid of arbitrary size and give it the ability to "load" ships of arbitrary length at arbitrary coordinates. You need to check if the size is not too much and if the tiles aren't already occupied, that's pretty much it, the other thing is orientation - if horizontal then increment is +1, if vertical increment is + width.
This gives flexibility to use the methods to quickly populate the grid with random data:
int main() {
Grid g(20, 20);
g.drawGrid();
unsigned shipCount = 20;
while (shipCount) {
Ship * s = new Ship(qrand() % 8 + 2, qrand() %2);
if (g.addShip(s, qrand() % 20, qrand() % 20)) --shipCount;
else delete s;
}
cout << endl;
g.drawGrid();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) g.hitXY(qrand() % 20, qrand() % 20);
}
Naturally, you can extend it further, make hit ships sink and disappear from the grid, make it possible to move ships around and flip their orientation. You can even use diagonal orientation. A lot of flexibility and potential to harness by refining an OOP based solution.
Obviously, you will put some limits in production code, as currently you can create grids of 0x0 and ships of length 0. It's just a quick example anyway. I am using Qt and therefore Qt containers, but its just the same with std containers.
I tried to rewrite your program in Java, it works as required. Feel free to ask anything that is not clearly coded. I didn't rechecked it so it may have errors of its own. It can be further optimized and cleaned but as it is past midnight around here, I would rather not do that at the moment :)
public static void main(String[] args) {
Random generator = new Random();
int Grid[][] = new int[8][8];
for (int battleShips = 0; battleShips < 5; battleShips++) {
boolean isHorizontal = generator.nextInt(2) == 0 ? true : false;
boolean battleShipFilled = false;
while (!battleShipFilled) {
// Select a random row and column for trial
int row = generator.nextInt(8);
int column = generator.nextInt(8);
while (Grid[row][column] == 1) {
row = generator.nextInt(8);
column = generator.nextInt(8);
}
int lengthOfBattleship = 0;
if (battleShips == 0) // Smallest ship should be of length 2
lengthOfBattleship = (battleShips + 2);
else // Other 4 ships has the length of 2, 3, 4 & 5
lengthOfBattleship = battleShips + 1;
int numberOfCorrectLocation = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < lengthOfBattleship; k++) {
if (isHorizontal && row + k > 0 && row + k < 8) {
if (Grid[row + k][column] == 1)
break;
} else if (!isHorizontal && column + k > 0 && column + k < 8) {
if (Grid[row][column + k] == 1)
break;
} else {
break;
}
numberOfCorrectLocation++;
}
if (numberOfCorrectLocation == lengthOfBattleship) {
for (int k = 0; k < lengthOfBattleship; k++) {
if (isHorizontal)
Grid[row + k][column] = 1;
else
Grid[row][column + k] = 1;
}
battleShipFilled = true;
}
}
}
}
Some important points.
As #Kindread said in an another answer, the code has an infinite loop condition which must be eliminated.
This algorithm will use too much resources to find a solution, it should be optimized.
Code duplications should be avoided as it will result in more maintenance cost (which might not be a problem for this specific case), and possible bugs.
Hope this answer helps...