What does this '::' do in C++? [duplicate] - c++

This question already has answers here:
Using :: (scope resolution operator) in C++
(5 answers)
When do I use a dot, arrow, or double colon to refer to members of a class in C++?
(4 answers)
Closed 2 years ago.
I've started learning Classes in C++ and have come across this :: operator. I have no idea what it means and how/when to use it. It was in every piece of C++ code I'd ever seen. The tutorial I watched didn't explain what it is. Could anyone explain?

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From boost libraries, I found this example
I marked a line with a red arrow, indicating the notation that is confusing me.
Is this special to boost or is this some sort of anonymous function syntax? I wasn't aware that C++ or C had such notation. I only kind of recognize it from python and java experience.

Meaning of the single quotes in 998'244'353 [duplicate]

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I recently came across the following C++ code snippet:
int Mod = 998'244'353;
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Also has this formatting always been there in c++?

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What does comma do while using cin in c++ [duplicate]

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I was practicing practicing some programming and by mistake wrote the following line of code :
int a,b;
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Can anybody explain what the comma does here and why doesn't the compiler show any error.
It means that the whole expression has the value b.
But because b is not initialised the behaviour of your code is undefined!
Modern compilers can warm you of this.

In C++, what is "^" symbol means? except XOR [duplicate]

This question already has answers here:
What does the caret (‘^’) mean in C++/CLI?
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Closed 7 years ago.
I read an article about C++ language. There is lines using "^", not XOR.
Sample code is like:
array<String^>^args = System::Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
The symbol ^ is used for managed pointers.
Read http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cxx6f46y.aspx , for more information about them.
They are from C++/CLI though and not C++.