I tried to install SFML library to VS Code project using a Makefile. But I am faced with a problem. I have the following code:
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include <string>
int main()
{
// Creating the main window
sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(800, 600), "Asteroids");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
And I have the following Makefile:
CXX := g++
CXX_FLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -std=c++17 -ggdb
BIN := bin
SRC := src
INCLUDE := include
LIB := lib
LIBRARIES := -lsfml-graphics -lsfml-window -lsfml-system -lsfml-audio -lsfml-main
EXECUTABLE := main
SFML_LIBRARY := "C:\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\include"
SFML_LIB := "C:\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\lib"
all: $(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
run: clean all
cls
./$(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE)
$(BIN)/$(EXECUTABLE): $(SRC)/*.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXX_FLAGS) -I$(INCLUDE) -L$(LIB) -I$(SFML_LIBRARY) -L$(SFML_LIB) $^ -o $# $(LIBRARIES)
clean:
-del $(BIN)\* /Q
But when I try to compile the code, I get the following error message:
g++ -Wall -Wextra -std=c++17 -ggdb -Iinclude -Llib -I"C:\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\include" -L"C:\\vcpkg\\installed\\x64-windows\\lib" src/main.cpp -o bin/main -lsfml-graphics -lsfml-window -lsfml-system -lsfml-audio -lsfml-main
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\totalboy\AppData\Local\Temp\cclPlFnI.o:D:\C++ Projects\Asteroids/src/main.cpp:7: undefined reference to `__imp__ZN2sf6StringC1EPKcRKSt6locale'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\totalboy\AppData\Local\Temp\cclPlFnI.o: in function `main':
D:\C++ Projects\Asteroids/src/main.cpp:7: undefined reference to `__imp__ZN2sf9VideoModeC1Ejjj'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: D:\C++ Projects\Asteroids/src/main.cpp:7: undefined reference to `__imp__ZN2sf12RenderWindowC1ENS_9VideoModeERKNS_6StringEjRKNS_15ContextSettingsE'
C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/9.3.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: D:\C++ Projects\Asteroids/src/main.cpp:7: undefined reference to `__imp__ZN2sf12RenderWindowD1Ev'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:23: bin/main] Error 1
Libs:
So, can somebody tell me what I do wrong?
The errors you receive can be attributed to the compilers you are using and used for compiling the SFML libraries you currently have. There are differences in the C++ ABI across compilers (and even across versions of the same compiler) [1]. When you want to link your code to a library, you have to make sure that the compiler you use and the one used with the library are the same, or are ABI-compatible.
When using vcpkg to download libraries, the source of those libraries are the ones that are actually downloaded and not the library itself. The source is then compiled "using the most recent version of Visual Studio that it could find [2]. Thus, if you want to use libraries downloaded via vcpkg in Windows, like in your case, you have to use Visual Studio, or, at least just the compiler, MSVC. So, a fix for your problem is to use MSVC (provided by Visual Studio), instead of the compiler in MinGW, which is usually GCC.
If you still want to use MinGW, there are two options:
The simplest option is to use MinGW-compatible SFML packages. There are official pre-built packages for MinGW over the SFML website. Note that these MinGW packages are only compatible with GCC 7.3.0 (at the time of writing). If you are using a different version or a different compiler, you have to resort to option 2.
Another option is to compile SFML on your own first. Once you have finished compiling, you can now link your code with the SFML libraries you have built. This option is also applicable when you are using compilers other than those used to compile the available pre-built SFML libraries.
References:
[1] https://stackoverflow.com/a/7119896/1116098
[2] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/vcpkg?view=vs-2019
Related
I am trying to install my C++ igraph library from https://github.com/igraph/igraph to visual studio code using the following method this is my makefile made according to this link.
CXX = g++
CXX_FLAGS = -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native -DNDEBUG
LIB = -Llib
INC = -Iinclude
.PHONY: all
all: a.out
a.out: main.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXX_FLAGS) $(INC) $(LIB) -ligraph -lm -lstdc++ -lgomp -lpthread -o $# main.cpp
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm a.out
The compiler will always return something like:
g++ -std=c++17 -O3 -march=native -DNDEBUG -Iinclude -Llib -ligraph -lm -lstdc++ -lgomp -lpthread -o a.out main.cpp
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccqJLfvi.o: in function `main':
main.cpp:(.text.startup+0x9): undefined reference to `igraph_rng_default'
/usr/bin/ld: main.cpp:(.text.startup+0x16): undefined reference to `igraph_rng_seed'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [Makefile:12: a.out] Error 1
If i only want to use data structures such as igraph_t graph* it will work, but if i try to call fucntion it will return error and will not generate a.out file. It would be incredablly good if someone would be able to explain why this happens cuz it really got on my nerve right now.
Please follow the instructions in the documentation to set up your package to link to igraph.
Instructions to install igraph: https://igraph.org/c/html/latest/igraph-Installation.html Note that you must both build and install the package. Make a note of the location you used to install it to (the value of CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX)
Instructions on compiling your first igraph program: https://igraph.org/c/html/latest/igraph-Tutorial.html Unless you are already comfortable with writing C programs and linking them to external libraries, I strongly recommend that you use CMake to set up your project, as described in the linked tutorial. CMake works the same way on all platforms (Windows/macOS/Linux) and will automatically figure out how to link your program to igraph correctly. When configuring your project, be sure to set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH to the location where you installed igraph earlier.
I installed casacore from source using the GitHub repository on my Ubuntu 18.04. The installation completes without any errors and the respective files are written to the expected directories (the .h files to /usr/local/include & libraries to /usr/local/lib). On trying to compile a basic C++ file using these I'm given the following error:
tmp/ccBxZcf3.o: In function 'main': /home/zealouspriest/C_C++_Projects/bb++/ms.cpp:15: undefined reference to 'casacore::MeasurementSet::MeasurementSet()'
/home/zealouspriest/C_C++_Projects/bb++/ms.cpp:15: undefined reference to 'casacore::MeasurementSet::~MeasurementSet()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The compiler command that I use is as follows:
g++ -g -Wall -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lcasa_casa -lcasa_tables -lcasa_ms ms.cpp -o ms
The ms.cpp file being compiled is extremely simple and just creates an empty measurement set to test for successful linking and is as follows:
//ms.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include </usr/local/include/casacore/ms/MeasurementSets/MeasurementSet.h>
int main(){
casacore::MeasurementSet ms = casacore::MeasurementSet();
return 0;
}
Here is all that I have tried:
a) Building from source using GitHub instructions,
b) Installing from Ubuntu repository.
Thanks in advance for your time!
When compiling manually with g++ you need to first specify your sources, and then the dependencies (libraries):
g++ -o ms ms.cpp -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lcasa_casa -lcasa_tables -lcasa_ms -g -Wall
Better just use CMake if you plan to have something more that just one cpp.
Related topics:
linking files in g++
gcc-g++-parameter-order
Alternatively, you can use the -Wl,--no-as-needed options:
g++ -g -Wall -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,--no-as-needed -lcasa_ms ms.cpp -o ms
I am making a simple game and wanted to use SDL for the graphics. I run linux Ubuntu, and use sublime text editor, g++ compiler, and I am coding in c++. I downloaded SDL and followed these steps.
After I followed those steps, all of the SDL error stopped appearing. However, the flag variables aren't working.
This is the code:
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
Risk() {
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_HAPTIC);
window = SDL_CreateWindow("Board",SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 500,500, SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);
SDL_GetError();
}
The error appearing in my compiler is:
tom#TBT-XPS-13-9360:~/Documents/Subjects/CS/Fun/Risk$ g++ -std=c++14
Game.cpp -W/tmp/ccLwSxiL.o: In function `Risk::Risk()':
Game.cpp:(.text._ZN4RiskC2Ev[_ZN4RiskC5Ev]+0x1f): undefined reference
to `SDL_Init'
Game.cpp:(.text._ZN4RiskC2Ev[_ZN4RiskC5Ev]+0x44): undefined reference
to `SDL_CreateWindow'
Game.cpp:(.text._ZN4RiskC2Ev[_ZN4RiskC5Ev]+0x54): undefined reference
to `SDL_GetError'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I think the error is the SDL libraries are in the wrong place, or Sublime doesn't know where they are.
The problem is that Sublime is not adding the required instruction to indicate that the executable should be linked to the SDL2 library.
You can indicate it with the parameter -lSDL2 on the command line, or use the sdl2-config program with sdl2-config --libs, something like this:
$ g++ -o executable-name source.cpp -lSDL2
or
$ g++ -o executable-name source.cpp $(sdl2-config --libs)
sdl2-config is just an utility that outputs appropriate configuration options for compiling and linking. You can see it by running it alone:
$ sdl2-config --libs
it should output something like:
-L/usr/lib -lSDL2
You can see the same -lSDL2 mentioned before, and also a -L/usr/lib instruction that indicates the linker to include libraries in the /usr/lib/ directory in its search path.
In general, you should use the sdl2-config for getting the required configuration options to pass to the compiler instead of indicating them by yourself, unless you know what you're doing, of course.
Instead of going to the command line to compile, you can use the Make build system in Sublime Text. Add a file named Makefile to your project directory with the following content:
# OBJS place here every file to compile as part of the project
OBJS = Game.cpp
# CC compiler to use
CC = g++
# COMPILER_FLAGS compilation options
COMPILER_FLAGS = -std=c++14 -Wall `sdl2-config --cflags`
# LINKER_FLAGS libraries to link
LINKER_FLAGS = `sdl2-config --libs`
# OBJ_NAME executable
OBJ_NAME = mygame
all : $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(OBJS) $(COMPILER_FLAGS) $(LINKER_FLAGS) -o $(OBJ_NAME)
Then go to menu Tools -> Build System and select Make. Now try building your project, if successful, a mygame executable should have been created.
I am trying to run a opencv based simple rgb to gray scale script and run it through cuda. The header for the C++ script that does the computation links the following api from opencv:
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
I am trying to compile it using the following makefile logic:
OPENCV_LIBPATH=-L/apps/gcc/4.7.2/opencv/2.4.8/lib
OPENCV_LIBPATH += -l/opt/cuda/5.5/lib64
OPENCV_INCLUDEPATH=/apps/gcc/4.7.2/opencv/2.4.8/include
OPENCV_LIBS=-lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -lnppi -lz
CUDA_INCLUDEPATH=/opt/cuda/5.5/include
NVCC_OPTS=-O3 -arch=sm_20 -Xcompiler -Wall -Xcompiler -Wextra -m64
GCC_OPTS=-O3 -Wall -Wextra -m64
main: rgbtogrey.o rgb_to_grey.o Makefile
$(NVCC) -o main.out rgbtogrey.o rgb_to_grey.o -I$(OPENCV_INCLUDEPATH) $(OPENCV_LIBPATH) $(OPENCV_LIBS)
rgbtogrey.o: rgbtogrey.cpp timer.h utils.h
g++ -c rgbtogrey.cpp $(GCC_OPTS) -I $(CUDA_INCLUDEPATH) -I $(OPENCV_INCLUDEPATH)
rgb_to_grey.o: rgb_to_grey.cu utils.h
nvcc -c rgb_to_grey.cu $(NVCC_OPTS)
clean:
rm -f *.o hw
I tried a number of other solutions such as those outlined in
Compiling a basic opencv cuda and Linking Cuda in C++ issue.
Current Error:
/apps/gcc/4.7.2/opencv/2.4.8/lib/libopencv_highgui.a(grfmt_exr.cpp.o): In function `cv::ExrDecoder::ExrDecoder()':
grfmt_exr.cpp:(.text._ZN2cv10ExrDecoderC2Ev+0x9d): undefined reference to `Imf::Chromaticities::Chromaticities(Imath::Vec2<float> const&, Imath::Vec2<float> const&, Imath::Vec2<float> const&, Imath::Vec2<float> const&)'
I am pretty new to this as such am not sure where to look for to solve this error.
EDIT:
1. Following the comment I added the lnppi option to the main after adding the LIB path (see makefile portion updated)
Error now:
/apps/gcc/4.7.2/opencv/2.4.8/lib/libopencv_core.a(persistence.cpp.o): In function `icvGets(CvFileStorage
persistence.cpp:(.text._ZL7icvGetsP13CvFileStoragePci+0x127): undefined reference to `gzgets'
added link to zlib via lz
Try to use the attached libraries under the OpenCV's OPENCV_PATH/3rdparty/lib folder by -libIlmImf -llibjpeg -llibjasper -llibpng -lzlib.
Also take care to the order in which libraries are linked, because any static library must be linked in the appropriate order otherwise unresolved references will appear with GNU ld:
If any [static] library A depends on symbols defined in library B,
then library A should appear first in the list supplied to the linker.
See linker order - GCC for more information.
I have a project of multiple source and header files and I wrote my own Makefile by specifying the required external libraries and headers (the directory containing the OpenCV header files and the directory containing the OpenCV libraries).
When I start compiling the project, it is compiled without any errors. However when writing the code, Eclipse reports errors on some functions of OpenCV, as if it did not know these functions. Since I have listed all the required headers and libraries in the makefile (see below), why does this problem occur?
CXXFLAGS = -O3 -g -Wall -fmessage-length=0 -I./include -I/usr/local/include/opencv
LIBS = -L/usr/local/lib -lcv -lcvaux -lhighgui -lcxcore -limgproc
MAIN_PROG_OBJS = MainProgram.o src/Utilities.o src/ImageStream.o src/VideoStream.o
MAIN_PROG_TARGET = MainProgram
TEST_PROG_OBJS = TestProgram.o src/Utilities.o
TEST_PROG_TARGET = TestProgram
$(MAIN_PROG_TARGET): $(MAIN_PROG_OBJS)
$(CXX) -o $(MAIN_PROG_TARGET) $(MAIN_PROG_OBJS) $(LIBS)
$(TEST_PROG_TARGET): $(TEST_PROG_OBJS)
$(CXX) -o $(TEST_PROG_TARGET) $(TEST_PROG_OBJS) $(LIBS)
all: $(MAIN_PROG_TARGET) $(TEST_PROG_TARGET)
clean:
rm -f $(MAIN_PROG_OBJS) $(MAIN_PROG_TARGET) $(TEST_PROG_OBJS) $(TEST_PROG_TARGET)
Eclipse tries to find the errors quickly, but does not update all the time. Do not rely only on the error messages of Eclipse.
For example if you have just added a file to your project, Eclipse might still be telling you that it could not find the file while in fact it is there.
Use Project -> Clean to update the error checking of Eclipse.