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Using awk or sed in a bash script, I need to remove comma separated delimiters that are located between an inner and outer delimiter. The problem is that wrong values ends up in the wrong columns, where only 3 columns are desired.
For example, I want to turn this:
2020/11/04,Test Account,569.00
2020/11/05,Test,Account,250.00
2020/11/05,More,Test,Accounts,225.00
Into this:
2020/11/04,Test Account,569.00
2020/11/05,Test Account,250.00
2020/11/05,More Test Accounts,225.00
I've tried to use a few things, testing regex:
But I cannot find a solution to only select the commas in order to remove.
awk -F, '{ printf "%s,",$1;for (i=2;i<=NF-2;i++) { printf "%s ",$i };printf "%s,%s\n",$(NF-1),$NF }' file
Using awk, print the first comma delimited field and then loop through the rest of the field up to the last but 2 field printing the field followed by a space. Then for the last 2 fields print the last but one field, a comma and then the last field.
With GNU awk for the 3rd arg to match():
$ awk -v OFS=, '{
match($0,/([^,]*),(.*),([^,]*)/,a)
gsub(/,/," ",a[2])
print a[1], a[2], a[3]
}' file
2020/11/04,Test Account,569.00
2020/11/05,Test Account,250.00
2020/11/05,More Test Accounts,225.00
or with any awk:
$ awk '
BEGIN { FS=OFS="," }
{
n = split($0,a)
gsub(/^[^,]*,|,[^,]*$/,"")
gsub(/,/," ")
print a[1], $0, a[n]
}
' file
2020/11/04,Test Account,569.00
2020/11/05,Test Account,250.00
2020/11/05,More Test Accounts,225.00
Use this Perl one-liner:
perl -F',' -lane 'print join ",", $F[0], "#F[1 .. ($#F-1)]", $F[-1];' in.csv
The Perl one-liner uses these command line flags:
-e : Tells Perl to look for code in-line, instead of in a file.
-n : Loop over the input one line at a time, assigning it to $_ by default.
-l : Strip the input line separator ("\n" on *NIX by default) before executing the code in-line, and append it when printing.
-a : Split $_ into array #F on whitespace or on the regex specified in -F option.
-F',' : Split into #F on comma, rather than on whitespace.
$F[0] : first element of the array #F (= first comma-delimited value).
$F[-1] : last element of #F.
#F[1 .. ($#F-1)] : elements of #F between the second from the start and the second from the end, inclusive.
"#F[1 .. ($#F-1)]" : the above elements, joined on blanks into a string.
join ",", ... : join the LIST "..." on a comma, and return the resulting string.
SEE ALSO:
perldoc perlrun: how to execute the Perl interpreter: command line switches
perl -pe 's{,\K.*(?=,)}{$& =~ y/,/ /r}e' file
sed -e ':a' -e 's/\(,[^,]*\),\([^,]*,\)/\1 \2/; t a' file
awk '{$1=$1","; $NF=","$NF; gsub(/ *, */,","); print}' FS=, file
awk '{for (i=2; i<=NF; ++i) $i=(i>2 && i<NF ? " " : ",") $i} 1' FS=, OFS= file
awk doesn't support look arounds, we could have it by using match function of awk; using that could you please try following, written and tested with shown samples in GNU awk.
awk '
match($0,/,.*,/){
val=substr($0,RSTART+1,RLENGTH-2)
gsub(/,/," ",val)
print substr($0,1,RSTART) val substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH-1)
}
' Input_file
Yet another perl
$ perl -pe 's/(?:^[^,]*,|,[^,]*$)(*SKIP)(*F)|,/ /g' ip.txt
2020/11/04,Test Account,569.00
2020/11/05,Test Account,250.00
2020/11/05,More Test Accounts,225.00
(?:^[^,]*,|,[^,]*$) matches first/last field along with the comma character
(*SKIP)(*F) this would prevent modification of preceding regexp
|, provide , as alternate regexp to be matched for modification
With sed (assuming \n is supported by the implementation, otherwise, you'll have to find a character that cannot be present in the input)
sed -E 's/,/\n/; s/,([^,]*)$/\n\1/; y/,/ /; y/\n/,/'
s/,/\n/; s/,([^,]*)$/\n\1/ replace first and last comma with newline character
y/,/ / replace all comma with space
y/\n/,/ change newlines back to comma
A similar answer to Timur's, in awk
awk '
BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }
function join(start, stop, sep, str, i) {
str = $start
for (i = start + 1; i <= stop; i++) {
str = str sep $i
}
return str
}
{ print $1, join(2, NF-1, " "), $NF }
' file.csv
It's a shame awk doesn't ship with a join function builtin
I have an input CSV file:
1,5,1
1,6,2
1,5,3
1,7,4
1,5,5
1,6,6
1,6,7
I need to create a string out of this as follows:
;5,1,3,5;6,2,6,7;7,4
So each character, except the first which is the value of the field $2, in the substring in between the ; denotes the row number of middle field; for example ;5,1,3,5 means that 5 is at row number 1,3,5.
I've been trying to use awk with gsub, trying to create the string MYSTR dynamically.
The regex inside the gsub is not working. I need a regex that will match ;$3 (the value of $3, which can be a two digit number) and replace it with ;$3,RowNO, if the pattern is not matched then add ;$3 at the end of the string.
This is what I have so far:
awk -F',' '{
print NR, $3;
noofchars=gsub(/;$3/,";"$3","NR,MYSTR);
print noofchars;
if ( noofchars == 1 )
;
else
MYSTR=MYSTR";"$3","NR;
print NR, $3;
print MYSTR;
}
END{print MYSTR;}' $1
The regex doesn't work because $3 isn't interpreted as the field #3 value but is seen as the anchor $ (that matches the end of the line) and a literal 3.
You can do it without gsub:
awk -F, '{a[$2]=a[$2]","NR}END{for (i in a){printf(";%d%s",i,a[i])}}'
Input
$ cat file
1,5,1
1,6,2
1,5,3
1,7,4
1,5,5
1,6,6
1,6,7
Output
$ awk -F, '{gsub(/[ ]+/,"",$3);a[$2] = ($2 in a ? a[$2]:$2) FS $3 }END{for(i in a)printf("%s%s",";",a[i]); print ""}' file
;5,1,3,5;6,2,6,7;7,4
Better Readable version
awk -F, '
{
gsub(/[ ]+/,"",$3); # suppress space char in third field
a[$2] = ($2 in a ? a[$2]:$2) FS $3 # array a where index being field2 and value will be field3, if index exists before append string with existing value
}
END{
for(i in a) # loop through array a and print values
printf("%s%s",";",a[i]);
print ""
}
' file
#vsshekhar: Try following too: It will provide you values in the correct same order which Input_file ($2) are coming.
awk -F, '{A[++i]=$2;B[A[i]]=B[A[i]]?B[A[i]] "," FNR:FNR} END{for(j=1;j<=i;j++){if(B[A[j]]){printf(";%s,%s",A[j],B[A[j]]);delete B[A[j]]}};print ""}' Input_file
Adding a non-one liner form of solution too now.
awk -F, '{
A[++i]=$2;
B[A[i]]=B[A[i]]?B[A[i]] "," FNR:FNR
}
END{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++){
if(B[A[j]]){
printf(";%s,%s",A[j],B[A[j]]);
delete B[A[j]]
}
};
print ""
}
' Input_file
I have a config file with param=option[,option...], using standard bash utilities, perhaps the the help of sed, remove one option from the list.
#
param=aa,bb,cc
param=aa,bb
param=bb,cc
param=bb
#
in this example, I want to remove 'bb' (and the separator) from all lines, and in the last case, because 'bb' was the sole option, remove the complete line, so the final result will be
#
param=aa,cc
param=aa
param=cc
#
option 'bb' can be alone or at the start, center or end of the list. Obviously, 'bb' embedded on another option name (ie xxbb, bbxx, etc) should not be considered.
edit: fix typo, addn'l example
Here is a sed version to remove bb parameter from any position and delete the line if bb is the only parameter:
First the input file:
#
param=aa,bb,cc
param=aa,bb
param=bb,cc
param=bb
#
Now run this sed:
sed -E '/^param=/{/=bb$/d; s/,bb(,|$)/\1/; s/=bb,/=/;}' file
This will give:
#
param=aa,cc
param=aa
param=cc
#
To use inline editing use:
sed -i.bak -E '/^param=/{/=bb$/d; s/,bb(,|$)/\1/; s/=bb,/=/;}' file
Note: The solutions below do not address updating the input file; a simple (though not fully robust) approach is to use
awk '...' file > file.$$ && mv file.$$ file
A POSIX-compliant awk solution that should work robustly:
awk -F'=' '
$1 != "param" { print; next }
{
sub(/,bb,/, ",", $2)
sub(/(^|,)bb$/, "", $2)
if ($2 != "") print $1 FS $2
}
' file
GNU awk allows for a simpler solution, using its (nonstandard) gensub() function:
awk -F'=' '
$1 != "param" { print; next }
{
newList = gensub(/(^|,)bb(,|$)/, "\\2", 1, $2)
if (newList != "") print $1 FS newList
}
' file
A (POSIX-compliant) field-based alternative (more verbose, but perhaps easier to generalize):
awk -F'=' '
$1 != "param" { print; next }
{
n = split($2, opts, ","); optList = ""
for (i=1; i<=n; ++i) {
if (opts[i] != "bb") {
optList = optList (optList == "" ? "" : ",") opts[i]
}
}
if (optList != "") print $1 FS optList
}
' file
Let's say your Input_file is as follows:
param=aa,bb,cc
param=aa,bb
param=bb
Then the following code:
awk -F"=" '$2=="bb"{next} {sub(/,bb/,"");print}' Input_file
outputs:
param=aa,cc
param=aa
I'd use a temporary format to be able to find the occurrences easier. And to remove lines I would suggest using grep:
sed 's/=/=,/;s/$/,/;s/,bb,/,/;s/=,/=/;s/,$//;/=$/d'
the s/=/=,/ converts it to:
param=,aa,bb,cc
param=,aa,bb
param=,bb
than s/$/,/ to:
param=,aa,bb,cc,
param=,aa,bb,
param=,bb,
than s/,bb,/,/
param=,aa,cc,
param=,aa,
param=,
and s/=,/=/;s/,$// will remove the commata at the begining and end again
removing empty options can be done with grep -v '=$', or some more advanced sed magic (so it can be still used with sed -i)
EDIT:
the "sed magic" is just appending '/=$/d'
tested this one, and it works fine:
sed -i 's/=/=,/;s/$/,/;s/,bb,/,/;s/=,/=/;s/,$//;/=$/d' filename
or
sed 's/=/=,/;s/$/,/;s/,bb,/,/;s/=,/=/;s/,$//;/=$/d' filename_in > filename_out
I would like to reverse the complete text from the file.
Say if the file contains:
com.e.h/float
I want to get output as:
float/h.e.com
I have tried the command:
rev file.txt
but I have got all the reverse output: taolf/h.e.moc
Is there a way I can get the desired output. Do let me know. Thank you.
Here is teh link of teh sample file: Sample Text
You can use sed and tac:
str=$(echo 'com.e.h/float' | sed -E 's/(\W+)/\n\1\n/g' | tac | tr -d '\n')
echo "$str"
float/h.e.com
Using sed we insert \n before and after all non-word characters.
Using tac we reverse the output lines.
Using tr we strip all new lines.
If you have gnu-awk then you can do all this in a single awk command using 4 argument split function call that populates split strings and delimiters separately:
awk '{
s = ""
split($0, arr, /\W+/, seps)
for (i=length(arr); i>=1; i--)
s = s seps[i] arr[i]
print s
}' file
For non-gnu awk, you can use:
awk '{
r = $0
i = 0
while (match(r, /[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+/)) {
a[++i] = substr(r, RSTART, RLENGTH) substr(r, 0, RSTART-1)
r = substr(r, RSTART+RLENGTH)
}
s = r
for (j=i; j>=1; j--)
s = s a[j]
print s
}' file
Is it possible to use Perl?
perl -nlE 'say reverse(split("([/.])",$_))' f
This one-liner reverses all the lines of f, according to PO's criteria.
If prefer a less parentesis version:
perl -nlE 'say reverse split "([/.])"' f
For portability, this can be done using any awk (not just GNU) using substrings:
$ awk '{
while (match($0,/[[:alnum:]]+/)) {
s=substr($0,RLENGTH+1,1) substr($0,1,RLENGTH) s;
$0=substr($0,RLENGTH+2)
} print s
}' <<<"com.e.h/float"
This steps through the string grabbing alphanumeric strings plus the following character, reversing the order of those two captured pieces, and prepending them to an output string.
Using GNU awk's split, splitting from separators . and /, define more if you wish.
$ cat program.awk
{
for(n=split($0,a,"[./]",s); n>=1; n--) # split to a and s, use n from split
printf "%s%s", a[n], (n==1?ORS:s[(n-1)]) # printf it pretty
}
Run it:
$ echo com.e.h/float | awk -f program.awk
float/h.e.com
EDIT:
If you want to run it as one-liner:
awk '{for(n=split($0,a,"[./]",s); n>=1; n--); printf "%s%s", a[n], (n==1?ORS:s[(n-1)])}' foo.txt
Hi I am trying to match the following string to no avail
echo '[xxAA][xxBxx][C]' | awk -F '/\[.*\]/' '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) printf "-->%s<--\n", $i }'
I basically want to have each field be an enclosing bracket such that
field 1 = xxAA
field 2 = xxBxx
field 3 = C
but i keep getting the following result
-->[xxAA][xxBxx][C]<--
any pointers where I am going wrong?
You can use a regex in Field Separator. We enclose the [ and ] in character class to have it considered as literal. Both are separated by | which is logical OR. Since we target them as field separator we just iterate over even field numbers to get the output.
$ echo '[xxAA][xxBxx][C]' | awk -v FS="[]]|[[]" '{ for (i=2;i<=NF;i+=2) print $i }'
xxAA
xxBxx
C
The regex /\[.*\]/ matches the entire input, because the .* matches the ][ inside the input as well as matching the letters.
You could split fields on the ']' character instead, then put it back again in the output:
echo '[xxAA][xxBxx][C]' | awk -F ']' '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if ($i != "") printf "-->%s]<--\n", $i }'
This is a job for GNU awk's FPAT variable which lets you specify the pattern of the fields rather than the pattern of the field separators:
$ echo '[xxAA][xxBxx][C]' | awk -v FPAT='[^][]+' '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) printf "-->%s<--\n", $i }'
-->xxAA<--
-->xxBxx<--
-->C<--
With other awks I'd use:
$ echo '[xxAA][xxBxx][C]' | awk -F'\\]\\[' '{ gsub(/^\[|\]$/,""); for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) printf "-->%s<--\n", $i }'
-->xxAA<--
-->xxBxx<--
-->C<--