Arduino - Running an if condition for a certain amount of time - c++

Question

Currently working on a project where I need to turn on the motor for just 1 second if my rain sensor detects any rain. if no rain I will again rote backward for 1 second.
sensor and device that I'm using
Arduino MEGA
Rain Sensor
L298N Motor driver
but the problem is I'm unable to run the condition for 1 second.
Here is my current Arduino sketch
const int IN1 = 7;
const int IN2 = 6;
const int ENA = 9;
const int capteur_A = A0;
int val_analogique;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(capteur_A, INPUT);
pinMode (IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode (IN2, OUTPUT);
pinMode (ENA, OUTPUT);
}
void forward(){
analogWrite(ENA, 60);
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
}
void loop() {
val_analogique=analogRead(capteur_A);
Serial.println(val_analogique);
if(val_analogique<=300){
forward();
Serial.println("Going Forward");
}
else{
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
}
}

Answer 1

To let the Motor rotate for 1 second, you just have to wait and then stop it. You can use the delay() function to wait a specific number of milliseconds. The forward function would be:
void forward() {
analogWrite(ENA, 60); // Set power and direction for the motor
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);
delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 milliseconds
digitalWrite(ENA, 0); // Stop the motor
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
}
And for the other direction it would be exactly the same, just with the two direction ports swapped:
void backward() {
analogWrite(ENA, 60); // Set power and direction for the motor
digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 milliseconds
digitalWrite(ENA, 0); // Stop the motor
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
}
Oh, and by the way, it would also be nice to call the ports OUT and not IN, as they're outputs and not inputs :)

Answer 2

You have to implement a simple state machine pseudo code as a starter:
long timer = 0;
bool conditionRain = false;
bool conditionNoRain = true;
setup() {}
loop() {
...
if(val_analogique<=300 && conditionRain == false) { // Condition rain detected
timer = millis(); // we start the timer
conditionRain = true; // set the state
conditionNoRain = false; // set the state
}
if (conditionRain == true && millis()-timer < 1000) { // Here is the timer check
... do motor for rain ...
}
// Assumption Since the motor should run for one second when the rain stops
if(val_analogique>=850 && conditionNoRain == false){ // Condition rain detected
timer = millis();
conditionRain = false; // set the state
conditionNoRain = true; // set the state
}
if (conditionNoRain == true && millis()-timer<1000){ // Here is the timer check
... do motor for no rain ...
}
Simple switching between states with timer function -there is no else because we always check the states if these are not fulfilled nothing should happen