Generate all undirected graphs with n nodes - c++

Question

I'm trying to generate all the undirected graphs with n nodes, using recursive backtracking. I have to write their matrix (I don't know how is it called in english - in my language it would be adjacent matrix - is that right?) into a file.
For example:
input
3
output
8
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Here is my program:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
ifstream f("gengraf.in");
ofstream g("gengraf.out");
int st[100], n, adiacenta[100][100], l=1;
void tipar(int k)
{
for (int i = 1; i < k; i++)
{
for (int j = i+1; j < k; j++)
{
adiacenta[i][j] = adiacenta[j][i] = st[l];
}
l++;
}
for (int i = 1; i < k; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j < k; j++)
{
g << adiacenta[i][j] << " ";
}
g << endl;
}
}
int valid(int k)
{
return 1;
}
void back(int k)
{
if (k == ((n - 1) * n / 2) + 1)
{
l = 1;
tipar(k);
g << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
{
st[k] = i;
if (valid(k))
{
back(k + 1);
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
f >> n;
g << pow(2, (n * (n - 1))/2);
g << endl;
back(1);
}
but my output is:
8
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
and I don't know how to fix that.
I see why does happen - I generate 2^(n*(n-1))/2) graphs (because that's how many undirected graphs with n nodes are), and instead of generating 8 distinct ones, I get only 4 distinct ones, shown 2 times.
That is (I suppose) because my program outputs a graph with, let's say, a link between the node 1 and 3 and another graph with a link between the node 3 and 1. And that is basically the same undirected graph.
So if I am right, I should make my program not show each graph twice and it should work. So basically I have to get rid of each graph with the "reversed" node (so if I got one with a link between 1 and 3, I shouldn't get another one with a link between 3 and 1 because they are the same).
Am I right?
If so, how can I do that?
Thanks.

Answer 1

Problems with your code:
Value of l in tipar() id not increased after assignment.
Size of adjacency matrix is n * n not k * k.
This code work as expected.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
ifstream f("gengraf.in");
ofstream g("gengraf.out");
int st[100], n, adiacenta[100][100], l=1;
int pow(int a, int b) {
int r = 1;
while (b) {
if (b&1) r *= a;
b >>= 1;
a *= a;
}
return r;
}
void tipar()
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (int j = i+1; j <= n; j++)
{
adiacenta[i][j] = adiacenta[j][i] = st[l];
l++;
}
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
g << adiacenta[i][j] << " ";
}
g << endl;
}
}
int valid(int k)
{
return 1;
}
void back(int k)
{
if (k == (n * (n-1) / 2) + 1)
{
l = 1;
tipar();
g << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
{
st[k] = i;
if (valid(k))
{
back(k+1);
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
cin >> n;
g << pow(2, (n * (n - 1))/2);
g << endl;
back(1);
}