How to get the elements of a tuple - c++

I am creating a scrabble game and i need to have a basic score to words on the dictionary.
I used make_tuple and stored it inside my tuple. Is there a way to access elements in a tuple as if it was in a vector?
#include <iostream>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
void parseTextFile()
{
std::ifstream words_file("scrabble_words.txt"); //File containing the words in the dictionary (english) with words that do not exist
std::ofstream new_words_file("test.txt"); //File where only existing words will be saved
std::string word_input;
std::tuple<std::string, int> tupleList;
unsigned int check_integrity;
int counter = 0;
while(words_file >> word_input)
{
check_integrity = 0;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < word_input.length(); i++)
{
if((int)word_input[i] >= 97 && (int)word_input[i] <= 123) //if the letter of the word belongs to the alphabet
{
check_integrity++;
}
}
if(word_input.length() == check_integrity)
{
new_words_file << word_input << std::endl; //add the word to the new file
tupleList = std::make_tuple(word_input, getScore(word_input)); //make tuple with the basic score and the word
counter++; //to check if the amount of words in the new file are correct
std::cout << std::get<0>(tupleList) << ": " << std::get<1>(tupleList) << std::endl;
}
}
std::cout << counter << std::endl;
}

One would generally use a tuple when there are more than two values of different types to store. For just two values a pair is a better choice.
In your case what you want to achieve seems to be a list of word-value pairs. You can store them in a container like a vector but you can also store them as key-value pairs in a map. As you can see when following the link, an std::map is literally a collection of std::pair object and tuples are a generalization of pairs.
For completeness, if my understanding of your code purpose is correct, these are additions to your code for storing each tuple in a vector - declarations,
std::tuple<std::string, int> correct_word = {};
std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, int>> existing_words = {};
changes in the loop that saves existing words - here you want to add each word-value tuple to the vector,
if(word_input.length() == check_integrity)
{
// ...
correct_word = std::make_tuple(word_input, getScore(word_input));
existing_words.push_back(correct_word);
// ...
}
..and finally example of usage outside the construction loop:
for (size_t iv=0; iv<existing_words.size(); ++iv)
{
correct_word = existing_words[iv];
std::cout << std::get<0>(correct_word) << ": " << std::get<1>(correct_word) << std::endl;
}
std::cout << counter << std::endl;
The same code with a map would look like:
The only declaration would be a map from strings to values (instead of a tuple and vector of tuples),
std::map<std::string, int> existing_words = {};
In the construction loop you would be creating the map pair in a single line like this,
if(word_input.length() == check_integrity)
{
// ...
existing_words[word_input] = getScore(word_input);
// ...
}
While after constructing you would be accessing map elements using .first for the word and .second for the counter. Below is a printing example that also uses a for auto loop:
for (const auto& correct_word : existing_words)
std::cout << correct_word.first << ": " << correct_word.second << std::endl;
std::cout << counter << std::endl;
Notice that maps are by default alphabetically ordered, you can provide your own ordering rules and also use an unordered map if you don't want any ordering/sorting.

Related

Range of the first element of a vector pair

I need to find the range of the first elements of a vector pair. I need this range for a map, which counts the duplicate entries in this vector.
Here is a code snipped and how I managed it. Maybe there is another, better solution?
unordered_map<int, int> frequency;
vector<pair<unsigned int,Point>> Roi_Num_Koord;
vector<int> Roi_first_Element;
int main()
{
// Part1: fill the Vector pair
Roi_Num_Koord.emplace_back(make_pair(0,Point(3.6));
Roi_Num_Koord.emplace_back(make_pair(1,Point(4,8));
Roi_Num_Koord.emplace_back(make_pair(2,Point(8.3));
Roi_Num_Koord.emplace_back(make_pair(3,Point(4,6));
// Part 2: now copy the first element to another vector
for (int i = 0; i < Roi_Num_Koord.size(); i++)
{
Roi_first_Element.emplace_back(Roi_Num_Koord[i].first);
}
// Part 3: now do the duplicate search (Code was taken out of the internet)
for (int i : Roi_first_Element)
{
++frequency[i];
cout << "freque "<<frequency[i] << endl;
}
for (const auto& e : frequency)
{
if (e.second == 5)
{
std::cout << "Roi " << e.first << " encountered " << e.second << " times\n";
}
}
}
So is there a possibility to remove Part 2 and find out the range of the first Element of Roi_Num_Koord?, so that I don't have to copy the first elements of this vector to the other vector (Roi_first_Element)
Yes the second step is completely redundant. You just iterate through the container and whenever you need first element of the pair you say it explicitly pretty much like you do in Step 2.
for(const pair<unsigned int,Point>& element : Roi_Num_Koord)
{
++frequency[element.first];
cout << "freque " << frequency[element.first] << endl;
}

C++, Map<> structure but with Gaps

I am trying to use a class to make a dictionary < key, value > in C++.
I found online that Map was the class I was suppoused to use.
However, when I try to use Map it FILLS the gaps between the keys.
This is an issue because keys are numbers, but they are incredibly sparse.
So in one set I may have the keys [1 , 20, 30000, 70000000]. I want my map to just store those 4 values, not every values between 1 and 70000000.
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
map<int,int> a = {{1,-1},{20,200}}; // I want this to just store {1,20}
for(int x = 0; x < a.size(); x++) cout << a[p(x)] << ","; //however, when I print it I get [0,1..,19,20]
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,200,
Is there some workaround to avoid C++ from "filling the gaps" or any other class in the STD that can be used for that purpose?
map::operator[] create entry for you (and increase it's size()). If you just want to iterate through std::map, use it's iterator.
for(auto& entry : a) cout << entry.second << ",";
As apple has commented, the operator[] creates the entry. See:
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/operator[]/
mapped_type& operator[] (const key_type& k);
If k does not match the key of any element in the container, the function inserts a new element with that key and returns a reference to its mapped value.
If you want to check existence of the key, use map::find().
Here are some ways to print out the map: you can use a for-each loop or an iterator:
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <random>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
map<int, int> myMap;
// filling map with random elements
random_device rd;
mt19937 rng(rd());
uniform_int_distribution<int> uni(0,1000);
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// uses the [] operator to create an element
myMap[uni(rng)] = uni(rng);
}
// first method to print out map using for-each loop
for(auto a : myMap) {
// cannot change elements in map
cout << a.first << " " << a.second << endl;
}
// second method to print out map using iterator
for(map<int, int>::iterator it = myMap.begin(); it != myMap.end(); it++) {
// can change elements in map
cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
}
}
Hope this helps!
By the way, thinking of using map is actually very intelligent when creating a dictionary, because map elements are automatically sorted! I assume you are mapping strings to ints, right?

Iterating through two maps in c++

I would like to loop through two maps at the same time, how could I achieve this?
I have two vectors want to print both, can I do two time (auto it : mymap) within one for? Something like:
for (auto it: mymap && auto on: secondMap)
is this even allowed?
I am trying to print values like (value1, value2) where each of the values is in a different map. The maps do not necessarily contain the exact same items but the key is an Instruction and the value is an integer, so if I have a element in the map for value2, then not necessarily there is a value1 corresponding to the same key, but in that case it should be 0 which is the default integer value.
Any ideas?
Perhaps it is possible to combine two iterators, one for each map?
Kind regards,
Guus Leijsten
You can use the regular for-loop for this :
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
std::map<int, std::string> m1, m2;
m1.insert({15, "lala"});
m1.insert({10, "hey!"});
m1.insert({99, "this"});
m2.insert({50, "foo"});
m2.insert({51, "bar"});
for(auto it_m1 = m1.cbegin(), end_m1 = m1.cend(),
it_m2 = m2.cbegin(), end_m2 = m2.cend();
it_m1 != end_m1 || it_m2 != end_m2;)
{
if(it_m1 != end_m1) {
std::cout << "m1: " << it_m1->first << " " << it_m1->second << " | ";
++it_m1;
}
if(it_m2 != end_m2) {
std::cout << "m2: " << it_m2->first << " " << it_m2->second << std::endl;
++it_m2;
}
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Note that because you want to iterate over maps of different size, you have to use the || operator in loop condition. The direct consequence is that you cannot increment in the last part of the for-loop, as one of the iterator may be invalid at that time (and lead to a segmentation fault).
You have to check iterator validity inside the loop and increment it when it's valid, as shown in the sample above.

How to iterate through a specific key in a map containing vector as value?

How to iterate through the contents of map["a"] to retrieve call and call1 ?
std::vector<std::string> point
std::map<std::string, point> alloc
map["a"] = call, call1
map["i"] = call
I have tried using for loop using map iterator and inside that for loop another for loop on the vector and then checking whether the value of map iterator map equals "a" but keep getting an error.
I think you are misunderstanding some syntax and of the programming language and the semantics of the standard library containers a little bit. I will explain what I think you are doing wrong.
First thing is that you have a vector of string objects called point, this is an object not a type. An object is a variable of a type, for example
string name = "curious";
Here name is an object of type/class string, so you cannot type in point as the template parameter to the map, you have to type in a type. So that should be a string.
Second thing is that you are using the comma operator, I am not sure if you knew that you were doing that. The comma operator works as follows
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <string>
using std::string;
int main() {
cout << ("Hello", "World") << endl;
return 0;
}
^ this will generate a compiler error because the "Hello" is not used but the point is that the comma operator evaluates the first part of the expression and then returns the thing on the right; so this will print
World
Third thing is how you iterate through the map. When you iterate through a std::map in C++ you are actually iterating through a series of std::pairs so the following code
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <string>
using std::string;
#include <map>
using std::map;
int main() {
map<string, int> map_string_int {{"curious", 1}, {"op", 2}};
for (auto iter = map_string_int.begin(); iter != map_string_int.end();
++iter) {
cout << iter->first << " : " << iter->second << endl;
}
return 0;
}
will produce the following output
curious : 1
op : 2
the keys will be ordered alphabetically because they are stored in a binary search tree (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree)
Now I think you wanted to have a map from string objects to vectors, so you would structure your code as such
std::vector<string> point
std::map<string, std::vector<string>> alloc;
alloc["a"] = {"call", "call1"};
alloc["i"] = {"call"};
and you would iterate through this like so
for (auto iter = alloc.begin(); iter != alloc.end(); ++iter) {
cout << iter->first << " : " << iter->second << endl;
}
You would iterate through alloc["a"] like so
// sanity check
assert(alloc.find("a") != alloc.end());
for (auto iter = alloc["a"].begin(); iter != alloc["a"].end(); ++iter) {
cout << *iter << endl;
}
Hope that helped!
I assume you mean std::multimap instead of std::map, based on your use case (multiple values under the same key). It's in the same <map> header.
std::multimap<std::string, int> map;
map.insert(std::make_pair("first", 123));
map.insert(std::make_pair("first", 456));
auto result = map.equal_range("first");
for (auto it = result.first; it != result.second; ++it)
std::cout << " " << it->second;
Reference: std::multimap::equal_range
This should do what you want if I understand correctly.
std::vector<string> point = { "Hello", "World" };
std::map<std::string, decltype(point)> my_map;
//if you dont wan't to use decltype (or cant):
//std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> my_map;
my_map["A"] = point;
my_map["B"] = { "Something", "Else" };
//this will iterate only trought my_map["A"]
for (const auto &vector_val : my_map["A"])
std::cout << vector_val << std::endl;
//this will iterate trought the whole map
for (const auto &map_pair : my_map)
{
std::cout << "map: " << map_pair.first << std::endl;
for (const auto &vector_val : map_pair.second)
std::cout << vector_val << std::endl;
std::cout << "---------------------------------" << std::endl;
}
I'm curious about knowing what is more suitable in such situations i.e multimap or map_of_vectors .
If sequencially someone want to iterate vector associated to a particular/all keys in map
what will be more efficient/optimal.
map<string ,vector<string>> mp;
// initialize your map...
for(auto itr=mp.begin(); itr!=mp.end() ;itr++)
for(auto itr2=itr->second.begin(); itr2!=itr->second.end() ;itr2++)
cout<<*itr2
for particular key just change first loop as stated down
auto itr=mp.find(key);

C++ Usage of set, iterator, find line where duplicate was found

The program adds different strings to a set. The iterator checks the set for a certain string, what i want to achieve is to get the line where the iterator finds this certain string. Is it possible to get this with a set or do i have to create a vector? The reason i use sets is because i also want not to have duplicates in the end. It is a bit confusing i know, i hope you'll understand.
Edit: i want to get the line number of the original element already existing in the set, if a duplicate is found
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <atlstr.h>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
set<string> test;
set<string>::iterator it;
vector<int> crossproduct(9, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
crossproduct[i] = i+1;
}
crossproduct[6] = 1;
crossproduct[7] = 2;
crossproduct[8] = 3;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
ostringstream cp; cp.precision(1); cp << fixed;
ostringstream cp1; cp1.precision(1); cp1 << fixed;
ostringstream cp2; cp2.precision(1); cp2 << fixed;
cp << crossproduct[i*3];
cp1 << crossproduct[i*3+1];
cp2 << crossproduct[i*3+2];
string cps(cp.str());
string cps1(cp1.str());
string cps2(cp2.str());
string cpstot = cps + " " + cps1 + " " + cps2;
cout << "cpstot: " << cpstot << endl;
it = test.find(cpstot);
if (it != test.end())
{
//Display here the line where "1 2 3" was found
cout << "i: " << i << endl;
}
test.insert(cpstot);
}
set<string>::iterator it2;
for (it2 = test.begin(); it2 != test.end(); ++it2)
{
cout << *it2 << endl;
}
cin.get();
return 0;
}
"Line number" is not very meaningful to a std::set<string>,
because as you add more strings to the set you may change the
order in which the existing strings are iterated through
(which is about as much of a "line number" as the set::set template
itself will give you).
Here's an alternative that may work better:
std::map<std::string, int> test.
The way you use this is you keep a "line counter" n somewhere.
Each time you need to put a new string cpstot in your set,
you have code like this:
std::map<std::string>::iterator it = test.find(cpstot);
if (it == test.end())
{
test[cpstot] = n;
// alternatively, test.insert(std::pair<std::string, int>(cpstot, n))
++n;
}
else
{
// this prints out the integer that was associated with cpstot in the map
std::cout << "i: " << it->second;
// Notice that we don't try to insert cpstot into the map in this case.
// It's already there, and we don't want to change its "line number",
// so there is nothing good we can accomplish by an insertion.
// It's a waste of effort to even try.
}
If you set n = 0 before you started putting any strings in test then
(and don't mess with the value of n in any other way)
then you will end up with strings at "line numbers" 0, 1, 2, etc.
in test and n will be the number of strings stored in test.
By the way, neither std::map<std::string, int>::iterator nor
std::set<std::string>::iterator is guaranteed to iterate through
the strings in the sequence in which they were first inserted.
Instead, what you'll get is the strings in whatever order the
template's comparison object puts the string values.
(I think by default you get them back in lexicographic order,
that is, "alphabetized".)
But when you store the original "line number" of each string in
std::map<std::string, int> test, when you are ready to
print out the list of strings you can copy the string-integer pairs
from test to a new object, std::map<int, std::string> output_sequence,
and now (assuming you do not override the default comparison object)
when you iterate through output_sequence you will get its
contents sorted by line number.
(You will then probably want to get the string
from the second field of the iterator.)