Machine - CentOS 7.2 or Ubuntu 14.04/16.xx
Telegraf version: 1.0.1
Python version: 2.7.5
Telegraf supports an INPUT plugin named: exec. First please see EXAMPLE 2 in the README doc there. I can't use JSON format as it only consumes Numeric values for metrics. As per the docs:
If using JSON, only numeric values are parsed and turned into floats. Booleans and strings will be ignored.
So, the idea is simple, you specify a script in exec plugin section, which should spit some meaningful info(in either JSON -or- influx data format in my case as I have some metrics which contains non-numeric values) which you would want to catch/show somewhere in a cool dashboard like for example Wavefront Dashboard shown here:
:
Basically one can use these metrics, tags, sources from where these metrics are coming from to find out various info about memory, cpu, disk, networking, other meaningful info and also create alerts using those if something unwanted happens.
OK, I came up with this python script available here:
#!/usr/bin/python
# sudo pip install boto3 if you don't have it on your machine.
import boto3
def generate(key, value):
"""
Creates a nicely formatted Key(Value) item for output
"""
return '{}="{}"'.format(key, value)
#return '{}={}'.format(key, value)
def main():
ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', region_name="us-west-2")
volumes = ec2.volumes.all()
for vol in volumes:
# You don't need to wrap everything in `str` unless it is not a string
# By default most things will come back as a string
# unless they are very obviously not (complex, date time, etc)
# but since we are printing these (and formatting them into strings)
# the cast to string will be implicit and we don't need to make it
# explicit
# vol is already a fully returned volume you are essentially DOUBLING
# your API calls when you do this
#iv = ec2.Volume(vol.id)
output_parts = [
# Volume level details
generate('create_time', vol.create_time),
generate('availability_zone', vol.availability_zone),
generate('volume_id', vol.volume_id),
generate('volume_type', vol.volume_type),
generate('state', vol.state),
generate('size', vol.size),
generate('iops', vol.iops),
generate('encrypted', vol.encrypted),
generate('snapshot_id', vol.snapshot_id),
generate('kms_key_id', vol.kms_key_id),
]
for _ in vol.attachments:
# Will get any attachments and since it is a list
# we should write this to handle MULTIPLE attachments
output_parts.extend([
generate('InstanceId', _.get('InstanceId')),
generate('InstanceVolumeState', _.get('State')),
generate('DeleteOnTermination', _.get('DeleteOnTermination')),
generate('Device', _.get('Device')),
])
# only process when there are tags to process
if vol.tags:
for _ in vol.tags:
# Get all of the tags
output_parts.extend([
generate(_.get('Key'), _.get('Value')),
])
# output everything at once..
print ','.join(output_parts)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
This script will talk to AWS EC2 EBS volumes and outputs all values it can find (usually what you see in AWS EC2 EBS volume console) and format that info into a meaningful CSV format which I'm redirecting to a .csv log file.
We don't want to run the python script all the time (AWS API limits / cost factor).
So, once the .csv file is created, I created this small shell script which I'll set in Telegraf's exec plugin's section.
Shell script /tmp/aws-vol-info.sh set in Telegraf exec plugin is:
#!/bin/bash
cat /tmp/aws-vol-info.csv
Telegraf configuration file created using exec plugin (/etc/telegraf/telegraf.d/exec-plugin-aws-info.conf):
#--- https://github.com/influxdata/telegraf/tree/master/plugins/inputs/exec
[[inputs.exec]]
commands = ["/tmp/aws-vol-info.sh"]
## Timeout for each command to complete.
timeout = "5s"
# Data format to consume.
# NOTE json only reads numerical measurements, strings and booleans are ignored.
data_format = "influx"
name_suffix = "_telegraf_execplugin"
I tweaked the .py (Python script for generate function) to generate the following three type of output formats (.csv file) and wanted to test how telegraf would handle this data before I enable the config file (/etc/telegraf/telegraf.d/catch-aws-ebs-info.conf) and restart telegraf service.
Format 1: (with double quotes " wrapped for every value)
create_time="2017-01-09 23:24:29.428000+00:00",availability_zone="us-east-2b",volume_id="vol-058e1d47dgh721121",volume_type="gp2",state="in-use",size="8",iops="100",encrypted="False",snapshot_id="snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn",kms_key_id="None",InstanceId="i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",InstanceVolumeState="attached",DeleteOnTermination="True",Device="/dev/sda1",Name="[company-2b-app90] secondary",hostname="company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",high_availability="1",mirror="secondary",cluster="company",autoscale="true",role="app"
Testing telegraf configuration on the telegraf directory gives me the following error.
Command: $ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec
[vagrant#myvagrant ~] $ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec
2017/03/10 00:37:48 I! Using config file: /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
* Plugin: inputs.exec, Collection 1
2017-03-10T00:37:48Z E! Errors encountered: [ metric parsing error, reason: [invalid field format], buffer: [create_time="2017-01-09 23:24:29.428000+00:00",availability_zone="us-east-2b",volume_id="vol-058e1d47dgh721121",volume_type="gp2",state="in-use",size="8",iops="100",encrypted="False",snapshot_id="snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn",kms_key_id="None",InstanceId="i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",InstanceVolumeState="attached",DeleteOnTermination="True",Device="/dev/sda1",Name="[company-2b-app90] secondary",hostname="company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",high_availability="1",mirror="secondary",cluster="company",autoscale="true",role="app"], index: [372]]
[vagrant#myvagrant ~] $
Format 2: (without any " double quotes)
create_time=2017-01-09 23:24:29.428000+00:00,availability_zone=us-east-2b,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121,volume_type=gp2,state=in-use,size=8,iops=100,encrypted=False,snapshot_id=snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn,kms_key_id=None,InstanceId=i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,InstanceVolumeState=attached,DeleteOnTermination=True,Device=/dev/sda1,Name=[company-2b-app90] secondary,hostname=company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,high_availability=1,mirror=secondary,cluster=company,autoscale=true,role=app
Getting same error while testing Telegraf's configuration for exec plugin:
2017/03/10 00:45:01 I! Using config file: /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
* Plugin: inputs.exec, Collection 1
2017-03-10T00:45:01Z E! Errors encountered: [ metric parsing error, reason: [invalid value], buffer: [create_time=2017-01-09 23:24:29.428000+00:00,availability_zone=us-east-2b,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121,volume_type=gp2,state=in-use,size=8,iops=100,encrypted=False,snapshot_id=snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn,kms_key_id=None,InstanceId=i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,InstanceVolumeState=attached,DeleteOnTermination=True,Device=/dev/sda1,Name=[company-2b-app90] secondary,hostname=company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,high_availability=1,mirror=secondary,cluster=company,autoscale=true,role=app], index: [63]]
Format 3: (this format doesn't have any " double quote and space character in the values). Substituted space with _ character.
create_time=2017-01-09_23:24:29.428000+00:00,availability_zone=us-east-2b,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121,volume_type=gp2,state=in-use,size=8,iops=100,encrypted=False,snapshot_id=snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn,kms_key_id=None,InstanceId=i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,InstanceVolumeState=attached,DeleteOnTermination=True,Device=/dev/sda1,Name=[company-2b-app90]_secondary,hostname=company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,high_availability=1,mirror=secondary,cluster=company,autoscale=true,role=app
Still didn't work, getting same error:
[vagrant#myvagrant ~] $ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec
2017/03/10 00:50:30 I! Using config file: /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
* Plugin: inputs.exec, Collection 1
2017-03-10T00:50:30Z E! Errors encountered: [ metric parsing error, reason: [missing fields], buffer: [create_time=2017-01-09_23:24:29.428000+00:00,availability_zone=us-east-2b,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121,volume_type=gp2,state=in-use,size=8,iops=100,encrypted=False,snapshot_id=snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn,kms_key_id=None,InstanceId=i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,InstanceVolumeState=attached,DeleteOnTermination=True,Device=/dev/sda1,Name=[company-2b-app90]_secondary,hostname=company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,high_availability=1,mirror=secondary,cluster=company,autoscale=true,role=app], index: [476]]
Format 4: If I follow influx line protocol as per this page: https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.2/write_protocols/line_protocol_tutorial/
awsebs,Name=[company-2b-app90]_secondary,hostname=company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,high_availability=1,mirror=secondary,cluster=company,autoscale=true,role=app create_time=2017-01-09_23:24:29.428000+00:00,availability_zone=us-east-2b,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121,volume_type=gp2,state=in-use,size=8,iops=100,encrypted=False,snapshot_id=snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn,kms_key_id=None,InstanceId=i-0jjb1boop26f42f50,InstanceVolumeState=attached,DeleteOnTermination=True,Device=/dev/sda1
I'm getting this error:
[vagrant#myvagrant ~] $ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec
2017/03/10 02:34:30 I! Using config file: /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
* Plugin: inputs.exec, Collection 1
2017-03-10T02:34:30Z E! Errors encountered: [ invalid number]
HOW can I get rid of this error and get telegraf to work with exec plugin (which runs the .sh script)?
Other Info:
Python script will run once/twice per day (via cron) and telegraf will run every 1 minute (to run exec plugin - which runs .sh script - which will cat the .csv file so that telegraf can consume it in influx data format).
https://galaxy.ansible.com/wavefrontHQ/wavefront-ansible/
https://github.com/influxdata/telegraf/issues/2525
It seems like the rules are very strict, I should have looked more closely.
Syntax of the output of any program that you can to consume MUST match or follow INFLUX LINE PROTOCOL format shown below and also all the RULES which comes with it.
For ex:
weather,location=us-midwest temperature=82 1465839830100400200
| -------------------- -------------- |
| | | |
| | | |
+-----------+--------+-+---------+-+---------+
|measurement|,tag_set| |field_set| |timestamp|
+-----------+--------+-+---------+-+---------+
You can read more about what's measurement, tag, field and optional(timestamp) here: https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.2/write_protocols/line_protocol_tutorial/
Important rules are:
1) There must be a , and no space between measurement and tag set.
2) There must be a space between tag set and field set.
3) For tag keys, tag values, and field keys always use a backslash character \ to escape if you want to escape any character in measurement name, tag or field set name and their values!
4) You can't escape \ with \
5) Line Protocol handles emojis with no problem :)
6) TAG / TAG set (tags comma separated) in OPTIONAL
7) FIELD / FIELD set (fields, comma separated) - At least ONE is required per line.
8) TIMESTAMP (last value shown in the format) is OPTIONAL.
9) VERY IMPORTANT QUOTING rules are below:
a) Never double or single quote the timestamp. It’s not valid Line Protocol. '123123131312313' or "1231313213131" won't work if that # is valid.
b) Never single quote field values (even if they’re strings!). It’s also not valid Line Protocol. i.e. fieldname='giga' won't work.
c) Do not double or single quote measurement names, tag keys, tag values, and field keys. NOTE: THIS does say !!! tag values !!!! so careful.
d) Do not double quote field values that are ONLY in floats, integers, or booleans format, otherwise InfluxDB will assume that those values are strings.
e) Do double quote field values that are strings.
f) AND the MOST IMPORTANT one (which will save you from getting BALD): If a FIELD value is set without double quote / i.e. you think it's an integer value or float in one line (for ex: anyone will say fields size or iops) and in some other lines (anywhere in the file that telegraf will read/parse using exec plugin) if you have a non-integer value set (i.e. a String), then you'll get the following error message Errors encountered: [ invalid number error.
So to fix it, the RULE is, if any possible FIELD value for a FIELD key is a string, then you MUST make sure to use " to wrap it (in every lines), it doesn't matter whether it has value 1, 200 or 1.5 in some lines (for ex: iops can be 1, 5) and in some other lines that value (iops can be None).
Error message: Errors encountered: [ invalid number
[vagrant#myvagrant ~] $ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec
2017/03/10 11:13:18 I! Using config file: /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
* Plugin: inputs.exec, Collection 1
2017-03-10T11:13:18Z E! Errors encountered: [ invalid number metric parsing error, reason: [invalid field format], buffer: [awsebsvol,host=myvagrant ], index: [25]]
So, after all this learning, it's clear that first I was missing the Influx Line protocol format and ALSO the RULES!!
Now, my output that I want my python script to generate should be like this (acc. to the INFLUX LINE PROTOCOL). You can just change the .sh file and use sed "s/^/awsec2ebs,/" or also do sed "s/^/awsec2ebs,sourcehost=$(hostname) /" (note: the space before the closing sed / character) and then you can have " around any key=value pair. I did change .py file to not use " for size and iops fields.
Anyways, if the output is something like this:
awsec2ebs,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121 create_time="2017-01-09 23:24:29.428000+00:00",availability_zone="us-east-2b",volume_type="gp2",state="in-use",size="8",iops="100",encrypted="False",snapshot_id="snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn",kms_key_id="None",InstanceId="i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",InstanceVolumeState="attached",DeleteOnTermination="True",Device="/dev/sda1",Name="[company-2b-app90] secondary",hostname="company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",high_availability="1",mirror="secondary",cluster="company",autoscale="true",role="app"
In the above final working solution, I created a measurement named awsec2ebs then gave , between this measurement and tag key volume_id and for tag value, I did NOT use any ' or " quotes and then I gave a space character (as I just wanted only one tag for now otherwise you can have more tag using command separated way and following the rules) between tag set and field set.
Finally ran the command:
$ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec which worked like a shenzi!
2017/03/10 03:33:54 I! Using config file: /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
* Plugin: inputs.exec, Collection 1
> awsec2ebs_telegraf_execplugin,volume_id=vol-058e1d47dgh721121,host=myvagrant volume_type="gp2",iops="100",kms_key_id="None",role="app",size="8",encrypted="False",InstanceId="i-0jjb1boop26f42f50",InstanceVolumeState="attached",Name="[company-2b-app90] secondary",snapshot_id="snap-06h1h1b91bh662avn",DeleteOnTermination="True",mirror="secondary",cluster="company",autoscale="true",high_availability="1",create_time="2017-01-09 23:24:29.428000+00:00",availability_zone="us-east-2b",state="in-use",Device="/dev/sda1",hostname="company-2b-app90-i-0jjb1boop26f42f50" 1489116835000000000
[vagrant#myvagrant ~] $ echo $?
0
In the above example, size is the only field which will always be a number/numeric value, so we don't need to wrap it with " but it's up to you. Recall the MOST IMPORTANT rule.. above and the error it generates.
So final python file is:
#!/usr/bin/python
#Do `sudo pip install boto3` first
import boto3
def generate(key, value, qs, qe):
"""
Creates a nicely formatted Key(Value) item for output
"""
return '{}={}{}{}'.format(key, qs, value, qe)
def main():
ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2', region_name="us-west-2")
volumes = ec2.volumes.all()
for vol in volumes:
# You don't need to wrap everything in `str` unless it is not a string
# By default most things will come back as a string
# unless they are very obviously not (complex, date time, etc)
# but since we are printing these (and formatting them into strings)
# the cast to string will be implicit and we don't need to make it
# explicit
# vol is already a fully returned volume you are essentially DOUBLING
# your API calls when you do this
#iv = ec2.Volume(vol.id)
output_parts = [
# Volume level details
generate('volume_id', vol.volume_id, '"', '"'),
generate('create_time', vol.create_time, '"', '"'),
generate('availability_zone', vol.availability_zone, '"', '"'),
generate('volume_type', vol.volume_type, '"', '"'),
generate('state', vol.state, '"', '"'),
generate('size', vol.size, '', ''),
#The following vol.iops variable can be a number or None so you must wrap it with double quotes otherwise "invalid number" error will come.
generate('iops', vol.iops, '"', '"'),
generate('encrypted', vol.encrypted, '"', '"'),
generate('snapshot_id', vol.snapshot_id, '"', '"'),
generate('kms_key_id', vol.kms_key_id, '"', '"'),
]
for _ in vol.attachments:
# Will get any attachments and since it is a list
# we should write this to handle MULTIPLE attachments
output_parts.extend([
generate('InstanceId', _.get('InstanceId'), '"', '"'),
generate('InstanceVolumeState', _.get('State'), '"', '"'),
generate('DeleteOnTermination', _.get('DeleteOnTermination'), '"', '"'),
generate('Device', _.get('Device'), '"', '"'),
])
# only process when there are tags to process
if vol.tags:
for _ in vol.tags:
# Get all of the tags
output_parts.extend([
generate(_.get('Key'), _.get('Value'), '"', '"'),
])
# output everything at once..
print ','.join(output_parts)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Final aws-vol-info.sh is:
#!/bin/bash
cat aws-vol-info.csv | sed "s/^/awsebsvol,host=`hostname|head -1|sed "s/[ \t][ \t]*/_/g"` /"
Final telegraf exec plugin config file is (/etc/telegraf/telegraf.d/exec-plugin-aws-info.conf) give any name with .conf:
#--- https://github.com/influxdata/telegraf/tree/master/plugins/inputs/exec
[[inputs.exec]]
commands = ["/some/valid/path/where/csvfileexists/aws-vol-info.sh"]
## Timeout for each command to complete.
timeout = "5s"
# Data format to consume.
# NOTE json only reads numerical measurements, strings and booleans are ignored.
data_format = "influx"
name_suffix = "_telegraf_exec"
Run: and everything will work now!
$ telegraf --config-directory=/etc/telegraf --test --input-filter=exec
I'm still quite new to Python and I'm currently looking at network scanning for available hosts. With my current code, I can search an IP range to determine if hosts are available or not. However, how can I restrict what information the nmap scan results show me, or is there a function I need to be using to only show the host IP address, scan time and if its available?
#!/usr/bin/env python
import nmap
import sys
nm = nmap.PortScannerAsync()
def callback_result(host, scan_result):
print '------------------'
print host, scan_result
try:
nm.scan('192.168.1.86-87', arguments='-O -v', callback=callback_result)
while nm.still_scanning():
print('<<< Scanning >>>')
nm.wait(2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print 'Cancelling current operation'
sys.exit()
except KeyError as e:
pass
This provides the output which is broad and contains too much information;
192.168.1.87 {'nmap': {'scanstats': {'uphosts': u'0', 'timestr': u'Wed Apr 8 13:28:29 2015', 'downhosts': u'1', 'totalhosts': u'1', 'elapsed': u'3.77'},
'scaninfo': {u'tcp': {'services': u'1,3-4,6-7,9,13,17,19-26,30,32-33,37,42-43,49,53,70,79-85,88-90,99-100,106,109-111,113,119,125,135,139,143-
144,146,161,163,179,199,211-212,222,254-
256,259,264,280,301,306,311,340,366,389,406-407,416-417,425,427,443-445,458,464-
465,481,497,500,512-515,524,541,543-545,548,554-555,563,587,593,616-617,625,631,636,646,648,666-
668,683,687,691,700,705,711,714,720,722,726,749,765,777,783,787,800-
801,808,843,873,880,888,898,900-903,911-912,981,987,990,992-993,995,999-
1002,1007,1009-1011,1021-1100,1102,1104-1108,1110-1114,1117,1119,1121-
1124,1126,1130-1132,1137-1138,1141,1145,1147-1149,1151-1152,1154,1163-
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129,65389', 'method': u'syn'}}, 'command_line': u'nmap -oX - -O -v
192.168.1.87'}, 'scan': {u'192.168.1.87': {'status': {'state': u'down',
'reason': u'no-response'}, 'hostname': '', 'vendor': {}, 'addresses': {u'ipv4':
u'192.168.1.87'}}}}
You can address this from two directions: what actions Nmap takes, and what you do with the output.
The Nmap options in your program (-O -v) instruct Nmap to do the following things:
Increase verbosity (-v). This doesn't matter for python-nmap because it uses the XML output, which doesn't change based on verbosity.
Check if the host is up (default).
Check for a reverse-DNS name for the host (default).
Scan the top 1000 TCP ports on the host (default).
Fingerprint the host's OS based on TCP/IP stack quirks (-O).
If all you want is whether the host is up, you should leave off the -O and use some other options to turn off the other parts of Nmap's default behavior:
-n will turn off reverse-DNS name resolution.
-sn will turn off the port scan.
The scan information like time will always be printed.
Secondly, your callback function currently just prints the string representation of the scan object. If you want less output, then use string formatting to select the object attributes that you want to print.