I'm practicing c++ and I got stuck on the following codes trying to optimize them. I'd like to know if there is something I can do to optimize their method's implementation. Because the methods are the same except for the consts. Thanks in advance.
dominios.h
class HP {
private:
int valor;
static const int LIMITE_INFERIOR = 0;
static const int LIMITE_SUPERIOR = 1000;
public:
void setValor(int);
int getValor() {
return valor;
}
};
class MP {
private:
int valor;
static const int LIMITE_INFERIOR = 0;
static const int LIMITE_SUPERIOR = 500;
public:
void setValor(int);
int getValor() {
return valor;
}
};
dominios.cpp
void HP::setValor(int valor) {
if (valor < LIMITE_INFERIOR) this->valor = LIMITE_INFERIOR;
else if (valor > LIMITE_SUPERIOR) this->valor = LIMITE_SUPERIOR;
else this->valor = valor;
}
void MP::setValor(int valor) {
if (valor < LIMITE_INFERIOR) this->valor = LIMITE_INFERIOR;
else if (valor > LIMITE_SUPERIOR) this->valor = LIMITE_SUPERIOR;
else this->valor = valor;
}
As you can see the setValor of both classes are the same. I tried to do hierarchy using a "template" but that didn't work for me because of the consts.
this->valor = std::clamp(valor, LIMITE_INFERIOR, LIMITE_SUPERIOR);
template <typename Tag, int lo, int hi>
class Metric {
private:
int valor;
public:
void setValor(int v) { valor = std::clamp(v, lo, hi); }
int getValor() { return valor; }
};
struct HPTag;
using HP = Metric<HPTag, 0, 1000>;
struct MPTag;
using MP = Metric<MPTag, 0, 500>;
Related
I have an UserAcount class that has an abstract class ContBancar, and other class Banca which reads some users from a file (with method void Banca::citire_conturi()). When it reads the users, I get an error "Access violation writing location" in ContBancar at void setBal(double bal) { _balanta = bal; }. Thx for help !
PS : The file has only one line : 1CBS Dragos 0 dragos12! Gzpvia01= .
Also, i want to make a bank account system, with an user class that has an bank account class which inherits 3 types of a bank accounts, and a bank class which reads some users from a file or put them on it.
class UserAccount
{
private:
std::string _nume, _user, _pass;
std::string _cod_us;
std::shared_ptr <ContBancar> _cont;
public:
void setUser(std::string user) { _user = user; }
void setPass(std::string pass) { _pass = pass; }
void setNume(std::string nume) { _nume = nume; }
void setCodUs(std::string cod) { _cod_us = cod; }
void setContBal(double balanta) { (*_cont).setBal(balanta); }
std::string getUser() const { return _user; }
std::string getPass() const { return _pass; }
std::string getNume() const { return _nume; }
std::string getCodUs() const { return _cod_us; }
double getContBal() const { return (*_cont).getBal(); }
void setContBancar();
};
void UserAccount::setContBancar()
{
if (_cod_us == "1CBS")
_cont.reset(new ContBancarSilver());
else if (_cod_us == "2CBG")
_cont.reset(new ContBancarGold());
else
_cont.reset(new ContBancarDiamond());
}
class ContBancar
{
protected:
double _balanta;
public:
void setBal(double bal) { _balanta = bal; }
double getBal() { return _balanta; }
virtual bool depozitare(unsigned int) = 0;
virtual bool retragere(unsigned int) = 0;
};
class Banca
{
private:
std::vector<UserAccount> vec;
public:
void citire_conturi();
};
void Banca::citire_conturi()
{
std::ifstream file;
file.open("Baza_Date.txt");
UserAccount temp;
std::string cod, nume, user, pass;
double balanta;
while (file >> cod >> nume >> balanta >> user >> pass)
{
temp.setCodUs(cod);
temp.setNume(nume);
temp.setContBal(balanta);
temp.setUser(user);
temp.setPass(pass);
vec.push_back(temp);
}
file.close();
}
class ContBancarSilver : public ContBancar
{
private:
static constexpr unsigned int max_balanta = 5000;
static constexpr unsigned int max_depozitare = 2500;
static constexpr unsigned int max_retragere = 1000;
static constexpr double tax_retragere = 0.08;
static constexpr double bonus_depunere = 0.03;
static constexpr double bonus_tax_retragere = 0.05;
static constexpr unsigned int max_depozitari = 1;
static constexpr unsigned int max_retrageri = 1;
public:
virtual bool depozitare(unsigned int) override;
virtual bool retragere(unsigned int) override;
};
Based on available informationyou should fix your code like this:
class UserAccount
{
.....
void setCodUs(std::string cod) {
_cod_us = cod;
setContBancar();
}
void setContBal(double balanta) {
if (!_cont) setContBancar(); // lazy initialization
_cont->setBal(balanta);
}
...
};
void UserAccount::setContBancar()
{
if (_cod_us == "1CBS")
_cont = std::make_shared<ContBancarSilver>();
else if (_cod_us == "2CBG")
_cont = std::make_shared<ContBancarGold>();
else
_cont = std::make_shared<ContBancarDiamond>();
}
Note I do not understand what kind of logic you are implementing. This changes just ensured that _cont is initialized and up to date with _cod_us.
Please stop use explicitly new and delete. Everything can be created by std::make_shared and std::make_unique and containers like std::vector.
I'm writing C++98 (sorry), but working with a C library, which has many objects stored in data structures of the form:
struct c_container
{
size_t len;
int data[1];
};
struct c_container *make_container(size_t n)
{
if (n == 0)
return NULL;
struct c_container *rv = (struct c_container *)malloc(sizeof(rv->len) + n*sizeof(rv->data));
rv->len = n;
return rv;
}
I'd like to do C++-style iteration using BOOST_FOREACH, but this doesn't work. (The "old style" of manually calling the range_begin and range_end functions does work).
inline int *range_begin(c_container *c)
{
return c ? &c->data[0] : NULL;
}
inline int *range_end(c_container *c)
{
return c ? &c->data[c->len] : NULL;
}
inline const int *range_begin(const c_container *c)
{
return c ? &c->data[0] : NULL;
}
inline const int *range_end(const c_container *c)
{
return c ? &c->data[c->len] : NULL;
}
namespace boost
{
template<>
struct range_mutable_iterator<c_container *>
{
typedef int *type;
};
template<>
struct range_const_iterator<c_container *>
{
typedef const int *type;
};
}
int main()
{
c_container *coll = make_container(3);
coll->data[0] = 1;
coll->data[1] = 42;
coll->data[2] = -1;
BOOST_FOREACH(int i, coll)
{
std::cout << i << std::endl;
}
}
This is all that should be necessary, according to http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_65_1/doc/html/foreach/extensibility.html (and I've tested it with classes)
However, that example uses a class, whereas I'm using a pointer to a class. Based on my investigation, it appears to be using the codepath that is only intended for const char * and const wchar_t *:
In file included from boost-foreach.cpp:6:0:
/usr/include/boost/foreach.hpp: In function ‘bool boost::foreach_detail_::done(const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base&, const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base&, boost::foreach_detail_::type2type<T*, C>*) [with T = c_container, C = mpl_::bool_<false>, const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base& = const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base&]’:
boost-foreach.cpp:65:5: instantiated from here
/usr/include/boost/foreach.hpp:749:57: error: no match for ‘operator!’ in ‘!* boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_cast [with T = c_container*, C = mpl_::bool_<false>, typename boost::mpl::if_<C, const T, T>::type = c_container*, const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base& = const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base&](((const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base&)((const boost::foreach_detail_::auto_any_base*)cur)))’
/usr/include/boost/foreach.hpp:749:57: note: candidate is: operator!(bool) <built-in>
Is there some additional boost trait to specialize or something?
It seems to be difficult to define the range functions for pointer types. But you can define them for c_container directly. The code looks like this:
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
struct c_container
{
size_t len;
int data[1];
};
struct c_container *make_container(size_t n)
{
if (n == 0)
return NULL;
struct c_container *rv = (struct c_container *)malloc(sizeof(rv->len) + n * sizeof(rv->data));
rv->len = n;
return rv;
}
inline int *range_begin(c_container &c)
{
return c.len > 0 ? &c.data[0] : NULL;
}
inline int *range_end(c_container &c)
{
return c.len > 0 ? &c.data[c.len] : NULL;
}
inline const int *range_begin(const c_container &c)
{
return c.len > 0 ? &c.data[0] : NULL;
}
inline const int *range_end(const c_container &c)
{
return c.len > 0 ? &c.data[c.len] : NULL;
}
namespace boost
{
template<>
struct range_mutable_iterator<c_container>
{
typedef int *type;
};
template<>
struct range_const_iterator<c_container>
{
typedef const int *type;
};
}
#define MY_FOREACH(x, y) BOOST_FOREACH(x, *y)
int main()
{
c_container *coll = make_container(3);
coll->data[0] = 1;
coll->data[1] = 42;
coll->data[2] = -1;
//BOOST_FOREACH(int i, *coll)
MY_FOREACH(int i, coll)
{
std::cout << i << std::endl;
}
}
Note that the BOOST_FOREACH loop does not iterate over a pointer type. As a workaround you may define your own FOREACH that does so as shown in the code above.
Given the following scenario where my data might be of different type based on some condition.
class myClass {
public:
myclass() {
if (condition1) {
bool boolValue = false;
data = boolValue;
} else if (condition2) {
int intValue = 0;
data = intValue;
} else if (condition3) {
unsigned int unsignedIntValue = 0;
data = unsignedIntValue;
} else if (condition4) {
long longValue = 0;
data = longValue;
} else if (condition5) {
double doubleValue = 0.0;
data = doubleValue;
} else if (condition6) {
float floatValue = 0.0;
data = floatValue;
} else if (condition7) {
char *buffer = new char[10];
data = buffer;
}
}
void* getData() const { return data; }
private:
void *data;
}
As it happens the value that my void pointer points to is strictly within each statement. Therefore what is returned with getData() might not be valid. If I do get the data it is simply because the memory location where I point to is not yet written over.
The solution I have come up with is this:
class myClass {
public:
myclass() {
if (condition1) {
boolValue = false;
data = boolValue;
} else if (condition2) {
intValue = 0;
data = intValue;
} else if (condition3) {
unsignedIntValue = 0;
data = unsignedIntValue;
} else if (condition4) {
longValue = 0;
data = longValue;
} else if (condition5) {
doubleValue = 0.0;
data = doubleValue;
} else if (condition6) {
floatValue = 0.0;
data = floatValue;
} else if (condition7) {
buffer = new char[10];
data = buffer;
}
}
void* getData() const { return data; }
private:
void *data;
bool boolValue;
int intValue;
unsigned int unsignedIntValue;
long longValue;
double doubleValue;
float floatValue;
char *buffer;
}
I was thinking there must be a more elegant way to do this. Any suggestions?
You could use a union to save a few bits in memory, and then use pointer casting to get the value from the union:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class myClass {
public:
myClass(char *str){
data.str = str;
}
myClass(double d){
data.d = d;
}
myClass(float f){
data.f = f;
}
void *getData() { return (void*)&data; }
private:
union {
double d;
float f;
char *str;
} data;
};
int main(){
myClass c(2.0);
cout << *(double*)c.getData() << endl;
myClass f(3.0f);
cout << *(float*)f.getData() << endl;
myClass s("test");
cout << *(char**)s.getData() << endl;
system("pause");
}
/* prints
2
3
test
*/
If you don't need to change the type of the data after you create an object, then you could use a template class:
template <typename T>
class myBaseClass {
public:
// Declare common functions here.
T getData()
{ return data; }
protected:
T data;
protected:
// Disallow constructing instances of this class outside the child classes.
myBaseClass(T val) : data(val) { }
};
template <typename T>
class myClass: public myBaseClass<T> {
public:
myClass() : myBaseClass<T>(0) { }
};
You then specialize for char*:
template <>
class myClass<char*>: public myBaseClass<char*> {
public:
myClass() : myBaseClass(new char[10]) { }
};
You then create instances like this:
myClass<int> a;
myClass<float> b;
myClass<char*> c;
// etc.
int i = a.getData();
float f = b.getData();
char* str = c.getData();
I have the following class and corresponding header file:
#ifndef ORDER_H_
#define ORDER_H_
#include "Side.h"
using namespace std;
class Order {
public:
int _id;
Side _side;
int _ackedPrc;
int _ackedQty;
int _requestedPrc;
int _requestedQty;
int _filledQty;
Order(){
_id = -1;
_side = BID;
_ackedPrc = -1;
_ackedQty = 0;
_requestedPrc = 0;
_requestedQty = 0;
_filledQty = 0;
}
void cancel(){
_requestedQty = 0;
}
void amend(int prc, int qty){
_requestedPrc = prc;
_requestedQty = qty;
}
void amended(){
_ackedPrc = _requestedPrc;
_ackedQty = _requestedQty;
}
void acked(){
amended();
}
void onFill(int fillQty){
_filledQty += fillQty;
}
int filledQty(){
return _filledQty;
}
int prc(){
return _requestedQty;
}
int remainingQty(){
return _requestedQty - _filledQty;
}
int id(){
return _id;
}
Side side(){
return _side;
}
bool pendingMod(){
return _ackedPrc != _requestedPrc || _ackedQty != _requestedQty;
}
};
#endif
#ifndef ORDER_H_
#define ORDER_H_
#include "Side.h"
class Order {
public:
int _id;
Side _side;
int _ackedPrc;
int _ackedQty;
int _requestedPrc;
int _requestedQty;
int _filledQty;
Order();
void cancel();
void amend(int prc, int qty);
void amended();
void acked();
void onFill(int fillQty);
int filledQty();
int prc();
int remainingQty();
int id();
Side side();
bool pendingMod();
};
#endif /* ORDER_H_ */
When I try to instantiate this object, I get the symbol(s) not found error in CDT/Eclipse on my Mac. However, I can easily instantiate any other class in the project, so I'm pretty sure my problem lies with the Order class:
int main() {
Order o;//This gives me an error
// OrderBook ob; But this works
// QuoteBook qb; And this works
return 0;
}
Can anyone spot my problem? I keep thinking that somewhere my declaration doesn't match my definition somewhere, but I don't see how. (And yes, I'm a C++ newb. Pardon any best-practices violations.)
Thanks
A Java programmer by any chance? By the look of your code, you've actually declared the Order class twice. In C++ you usually declare a class and then you define the member variables and functions in it. Actually, you can declare and define in one like your first declaration of Order, but it's not normally good practice unless the code is very brief. In any case I'd suggest that your header should look like this:
#ifndef ORDER_H_
#define ORDER_H_
#include "Side.h"
class Order {
public:
int _id;
Side _side;
int _ackedPrc;
int _ackedQty;
int _requestedPrc;
int _requestedQty;
int _filledQty;
Order();
void cancel();
void amend(int prc, int qty);
void amended();
void acked();
void onFill(int fillQty);
int filledQty();
int prc();
int remainingQty();
int id();
Side side();
bool pendingMod();
};
#endif /* ORDER_H_ */
This still has the include guards in so it'll only be included once in any compilation unit. Now your cpp file (with the definitions in it) shoudl probably look something like this:
#include <Order.hpp>
Order::Order(){
_id = -1;
_side = BID;
_ackedPrc = -1;
_ackedQty = 0;
_requestedPrc = 0;
_requestedQty = 0;
_filledQty = 0;
}
void Order::cancel(){
_requestedQty = 0;
}
void Order::amend(int prc, int qty){
_requestedPrc = prc;
_requestedQty = qty;
}
void Order::amended(){
_ackedPrc = _requestedPrc;
_ackedQty = _requestedQty;
}
void Order::acked(){
amended();
}
void Order::onFill(int fillQty){
_filledQty += fillQty;
}
int Order::filledQty(){
return _filledQty;
}
int Order::prc(){
return _requestedQty;
}
int Order::remainingQty(){
return _requestedQty - _filledQty;
}
int Order::id(){
return _id;
}
Side Order::side(){
return _side;
}
bool Order::pendingMod(){
return _ackedPrc != _requestedPrc || _ackedQty != _requestedQty;
}
Please note that I've clearly not tested this at all. The main thing to note is that here are the bodies of your Order class functions. Notice that the names have to be scoped within the Order class. Hope this helps.
I have a big project where I faced a problem, which can be shortly formulated as following:
I had a class which is created temporally and used to process and modify some data (let's call it "worker"). Now I have two workers and two corresponding data formats. The data array can contain mixed data, how to make my programm automatically decide which worker class it should create and use for data processing? How to make this in the best way?
To illustrate this problem I wrote small example programm, which is analogical to my project.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int NInputs = 10;
struct TOutput {
int i;
};
class TProcess {
public:
TProcess( const vector<TInput>& i ){ fInput = i; }
void Run();
void GetOutput( TOutput& o ) { o = fOutput; }
private:
vector<TInput> fInput;
TOutput fOutput;
};
#if 0
struct TInput {
int i;
};
class TWorker{
public:
void Init( int i ) { fResult = i; }
void Add( int i ) { fResult += i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
#else
struct TInput {
int i;
};
class TWorker {
public:
void Init( int i ) { fResult = i; }
void Add( int i ) { fResult ^= i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
#endif
void TProcess::Run() {
TWorker worker;
worker.Init(0);
for( int i = 0; i < fInput.size(); ++i )
worker.Add(fInput[i].i);
fOutput.i = worker.Result();
}
int main() {
vector<TInput> input(NInputs);
for ( int i = 0; i < NInputs; i++ ) {
input[i].i = i;
}
TProcess proc(input);
proc.Run();
TOutput output;
proc.GetOutput(output);
cout << output.i << endl;
}
The example is very simple, but that doesn't means that it's simply possible to transform it to one function --- it corresponds to big project. Therefore it is not possible to:
delete classes or functions, which already exists (but possible to modify them and create new)
make workers static or create only one copy of worker (each workers are temporary in many complicated functions and loops)
So how to modify it such that this will be something like this:
// TODO: TProcess declaration
struct TInput1 {
int i;
};
class TWorker1{
public:
void Init( TInput1 i ) { fResult = i; }
void Add( TInput1 i ) { fResult += i.i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
#else
struct TInput2 {
int i;
};
class TWorker2 {
public:
void Init( TInput2 i ) { fResult = i.i; }
void Add( TInput2 i ) { fResult ^= i.i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
void TProcess::Run() {
for( int i = 0; i < fInput.size(); ++i ) {
// TODO: choose and create a worker
worker.Add(fInput[i].i);
// TODO: get and save result
}
fOutput.i = worker.Result();
}
int main() {
vector<TInputBase> input(NInputs);
// TODO: fill input
TProcess proc(input);
proc.Run();
TOutput output;
proc.GetOutput(output);
cout << output.i << endl;
}
My initial idea was to use basic class and template functions, but there is no template virtual functions...
You've got the right idea with the vector<TInputBase> declaration in your second example -- you need to have a common base class for all inputs, and similarly for all workers:
class TInput {
}
class TInput1 : public TInput { ... }
class TInput2 : public TInput { ... }
class TWorker {
public:
void Init(TInput *input) = 0;
void Add(TInput *input) = 0;
int Result() = 0;
}
class TWorker1 : public TWorker { ... }
class TWorker2 : public TWorker { ... }
Note, however, that this means all workers can only take a TInput * as input and you will need to cast to the correct input class inside each worker class.
The simplest way to decide which worker class to use for a given input is to ask the input itself! You can have a virtual function in the input class that creates the right kind of worker:
class TInput {
virtual TWorker *createWorker() = 0;
}
class TInput1 : public TInput {
TWorker *createWorker() {
return new TWorker1();
}
}
class TInput2 : public TInput {
TWorker *createWorker() {
return new TWorker2();
}
}
If this is not possible for some reason, you can use typeid to determine the type of the input and create a corresponding worker instance.