This is my model:
class Company(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,related_name="Company_Owner",on_delete=models.CASCADE,null=True,blank=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,blank=False)
auditor = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,related_name='main_auditor',blank=True)
I want to perform a query which will display the list of company to which a particular auditor is associated with...
How to do query with settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL in django?
Any idea anyone?
Please help
You can do it like this using get_user_model():
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()
first_user = User.objects.first()
first_user.Company_Owner.all() # will get all companies associated with the User
Your model relationships are badly named, change the related_name parameters, since they need to represent that you're fetching Company objects:
class Company(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,related_name="owned_companies",on_delete=models.CASCADE,null=True,blank=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,blank=False)
auditor = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,related_name='audited_companies',blank=True)
Then you'll be able, once you have a user (e.g. user = self.request.user) to do:
user.owned_companies.all() # companies for which the user is the owner
user.audited_companies.all() # companies for which the user is a main auditor
user.owned_companies.filter(auditor=user) # companies of which the user is both owner and auditor
Related
I'm creating a model in Django with the following syntax. The model has a foreign key of registered users. However, I want to serialize this model that will return a Json file only associated with the logged in user. Can you give your recommendations? Or is there an alternative way to extract the information from the model using different approach?
class Education(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
school = models.CharField(max_length=50)
year = models.CharField(max_length=10)
Sample photo
For instance, it will only show the first field associated with the account
To filter objects related to a user, simply get hold of the user and apply filter based on the user.
user_education_queryset = Education.objects.filter(user=user)
if you are doing this in the view where user objects is available in request context, you could simply do user=request.user Note: the user has to be logged in, else this will return anonymouse user object which will fail to query the database.
Summary:
Get the user object and filter by the user field in education model using the user object obtained.
mike = User.objects.get(id=1) # or mike = User.objects.get(username='mike')
then
mike_education_query = Education.objects.filter(user=mike)
Because of the suggestions, I was able to query the results per user with this code:
class EducationViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
serializer_class = EducationSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
user = self.request.user
account = User.objects.get(id=user.id)
return Education.objects.filter(user=account)
I am writing a django (1.10) website and using allauth for authorisations. I don't want to extend the user model in django - because allauth adds a further layer of complexity to what is already a seemingly convoluted process.
I want to create a model (Custom UserManager?) that will have the following methods:
get_all_subscriptions_for_user(user=specified_user)
get_unexpired_subscriptions_for_user(user=specified_user)
Note: unexpired subscriptions are defined by subscriptions whose end_date > today's date.
This is a snippet of my models.py below
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
#...
class Subscription(models.Model):
token = models.CharKey()
start_date = models.DateTime()
end_date = models.DateTime()
# other attributes
class UserSubscription(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User)
subscription = models.ForeignKey(Subscription)
# In view
def foo(request):
user = User.objects.get(username=request.user)
# how can I implement the following methods:
# get_all_subscriptions_for_user(user=specified_user)
# get_unexpired_subscriptions_for_user(user=specified_user)
Ideally, I would like to have a custom user manager, which can fetch this data in one trip to the database - but I'm not sure if I can have a custom user manager without having a custom user model.
[[Aside]]
I'm trying to avoid using a custom model, because it wreaks havoc on the other applications (in my project) which have User as a FK. makemigrations and migrate always barf with a message about inconsistent migration history
You can go with a custom Manager, don't need a UserManager since you are fetching related models:
class UserSubscriptionManager(models.Manager):
def for_user(self, user):
return super(UserSubscriptionManager, self).get_queryset().filter(user=user)
def unexpired_for(self, user):
return self.for_user(user).filter(
suscription__end_date__gt=datetime.date.today() # import datetime
)
in your models:
class UserSubscription(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User)
subscription = models.ForeignKey(Subscription)
user_objects = UserSubscriptionManager()
this way you can do chain filters in the view, for example:
unexpired_suscriptions = UserSubscription.user_objects().unexpired_for(
user=request.user
).exclude(suscription__token='invalid token')
Try this:
response = []
user_sub = UserSubscription.objects.filter(user=user.pk)
for row in user_sub:
subscription = Subscription.objects.get(pk=row.subscription)
end_date = subscription.end_date
if end_date > timezone.now():
response.append(subscription)
I am currently using django 1.8 and I'd like to create a more intelligent way to display information about users. Say I have something like this:
class User(models.Model):
name = models.CharField()
class Invitation(models.Model):
inviter = models.ForeignKey(User)
invitee = models.ForeignKey(User)
I want to create a field that is the unique number of user's an inviter has invited. I could see how this could be done with something like set("SELECT invitee FROM INVITATIONS WHERE inviter = 'my-user';"), but if I want this displayed in the admin panel, is there a simple way to present this?
Also, I would want this done for every user, so it feels like there is a simple way to make a field generated for every user in the table.
First, let's setup proper related_name- it'll help reduce a lot of confusion in the code.
class Invitation(models.Model):
inviter = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="invitation_sent")
invitee = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="invitation_recv")
With the related_name setup, we can do queries such as
user = User.objects.get(pk=1)
# retrieve all invitation objects sent by this user
user.invitation_sent.all()
# retrieve all invitation objects received by this user
user.invitation_recv.all()
Now we can actually count the number of unique invitations a user has sent out quite easily:
# count number of distinct invitee for user
user.invitation_sent.all().values('invitee').distinct().count()
Next, we can actually count the number of unique users a user has invited in a single database query for all users:
user_list = User.objects.all().annotate(
uniq_inv=Count('invitation_sent__invitee', distinct=True)
)
Each user object returned will have an additional property called uniq_inv which contains the count of unique users the user has invited
for user in user_list:
print(user.name + ' invited ' + user.uniq_inv + ' unique users')
To apply this to the admin interface, you'll need to override get_queryset method:
class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_display = [..., 'uniq_inv']
def uniq_inv(self, obj):
return obj.uniq_inv
uniq_inv.short_description = 'Unique Invitees'
def get_queryset(self, request):
qs = super(MyAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)
qs = qs.annotate(uniq_inv=Count('invitation_sent__invitee', distinct=True))
return qs
You can use annotate, which allows to add calculated fields to a queryset.
Models:
class User(models.Model):
name = models.CharField()
class Invitation(models.Model):
inviter = models.ForeignKey(User,related_name="inviter_user")
invitee = models.ForeignKey(User,related_name="invited_user")
Queryset:
from django.db.models import Count
q = Invitation.objects.annotate(count_invitee=Count('invitee')).all()
Now "count_invitee" field has the number for each invitation object.
If you want to filter invitee from the user side.
For a single user:
User.objects.get(pk=1).invited_user.all.count()
For all users queryset:
User.objects.annotate((count_invitee=Count('invited_user')).all()
I wonder what to do here.
So I have an EmailAddress class which has a ForeignKey relationship to my User class
class EmailAddress(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(allauth_app_settings.USER_MODEL, verbose_name=_('user'))
email = models.EmailField(unique=app_settings.UNIQUE_EMAIL,
verbose_name=_('e-mail address'))
I also have a UserProfile class which has a OneToOneField relationship with the mentioned User like so:
class UserProfile(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, related_name='profile')
attribute= models.CharField("attr", max_length=150, blank=False)
Now in admin.py I want to filter the Users so that the current user who is logged in to admintool can only see emails from users who share some attribute. The catch is that the attribute is saved in UserProfile and I need to get there through the email.
Basically I don't know how to access the 'attribute' which is in the UserProfile. I understand that I want to filter users by taking the email finding the user that this email belongs to and then compare his 'attribute' to the user who send the request to decide whether to show it to him or not.
def get_queryset(self, request):
user = [User whos email is in the list]
qs = [the queryset]
[and then]
return qs.filter([filter so the user attribute = the request.user attribute])
Im using allauth btw. in case you wonder what
allauth_app_settings.USER_Model
stands for.
Have a nice day!
You need to use the double-underscore syntax to follow the relationships.
qs.filter(user__userprofile__attribute=request.user.attribute)
I want to model the following application: an Owner has different Shops and each Shop has some Customers and some Employees working for that Shop; the same Employee can work in different Shops belonging to the same Owner, but also in Shops belonging to different Owners.
Only Owner and Employee can login into the system, Customer can't login.
I created the following models and added users to different Groups (using Django Auth system and version 1.6.2 which allows custom user models), but I'm concerned with the number of query that the application is doing and I'm really not sure about the modeling.
The big difficulty is that, if the Owner has various Shops, when the Owner login into the system he needs to choose which Shop is working with, also to be able to add the related Employees and Customers (only the Owner of the Shop can add Employees and Customers)
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin
class CustomUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
email = models.CharField(max_length=254,
unique=True)
firstname = models.CharField(max_length=64)
lastname = models.CharField(max_length=64)
...
objects = CustomUserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
...
class Shop(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(...)
city = ...
address = ...
class Customer(models.Model):
shop = models.ForeignKey(Shop)
...
class Employee(CustomUser):
shops = models.ManyToManyField(Shop)
...
class Owner(CustomUser):
shops = models.ManyToManyField(Shop)
...
Now, when the Employee or the Owner login into the system with his email, the app needs to show a select box with the available shops, and the choice of the user need to pass to every view of the application: how do I do that? I suppose can't be a POST since I'll have other forms in the app, should be a GET request, but on every request I need to verify is the Shop belongs to the Owner or to the Employee (increasing number of queries). I already developed a big part of the application (order form for example) but I'm coming back to the beginning; I don't know if all the models I've done should be related to the Shop or to the Owner.
Any advice is appreciated. Thanks.
I have solved a similar problem using sessions and custom middleware based on Django's authentication middleware:
shop/middleware.py
from django.utils.functional import SimpleLazyObject
from <appname> import shop
def get_shop(request):
if not hasattr(request, '_cached_shop'):
request._cached_shop = shop.get_shop(request)
return request._cached_shop
class ShopMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request):
assert hasattr(request, 'session'), "The Shop middleware requires session middleware to be installed. Edit your MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES setting to insert 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'."
request.shop = SimpleLazyObject(lambda: get_shop(request))
shop/__init__.py
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
from <appname>.shop.models import Shop
SHOP_SESSION_KEY = '_session_shop_id'
def get_shop(request):
try:
shop_id = request.session[SHOP_SESSION_KEY]
shop = Shop.objects.get(id=shop_id)
return shop
except (KeyError, ObjectDoesNotExist):
return None
def switch_shop(request, shop):
if not isinstance(request.user, CustomUser):
request.session[SHOP_SESSION_KEY] = None
if request.user.shops.filter(id=shop.id).exists():
request.session[SHOP_SESSION_KEY] = shop.id
Then just add ShopMiddleware to your middleware classes, and request.shop will always point to the current shop if one is selected.
In my case I have also written a view wrapper similar to login_required that redirects to a page that allows selection of a shop whenever one is required and not selected. Take a look at login_required's source code for a good pointer in the right direction.
EDIT: You still need to select a shop, so write a view that presents the user with the right options, and let it call switch_shop(request, shop). If the shop is a valid shop for the current user, the session will be set to that shop until it is changed or the user logs out.
I now my example can be unperfect but i think it will clarify how you should use Django for this.
(Also read this: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/db/managers/)
class ShopsUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
email = models.CharField(max_length=254,
unique=True)
firstname = models.CharField(max_length=64)
lastname = models.CharField(max_length=64)
...
objects = CustomUserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
...
priviledge_flag = models.CharField(choices=(('o', 'owner'), ('e', 'employe'), ('c', 'customer'))
class Customer(models.Model):
shop = models.ForeignKey(Shop)
class Shop(models.Model):
customers = models.ForeignKey(Customer, related_name='shops')
admins = models.ManyToMany(ShopsUser, related_name='managed_shops')
Now you can find all data by using you logged in user (use sessions) in view:
class SomeView(View):
def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
admin = self.request.user
all_singed_in_admin_shops = admin.managed_shops.all()
first_shop = all_singed_in_admin_shops[0]
first_shop_customers = first_shop.customers.all()