After few hours of disappointed searching I can't figure this out.
I am piping to grep input, what I want to get is first occurrence of any digit.
Example:
nmcli --version
nmcli tool, version 1.1.93
Pipe to grep with regex
nmcli --version |grep -o '[[:digit:]]'
Output:
1
1
9
3
What I want:
1
Yeah there is a way to do that with another pipe, but is there "pure" single regex to do that?
With GNU grep:
nmcli --version | grep -Po ' \K[[:digit:]]'
Output:
1
See: Support of \K in regex
Although you want to avoid another process, it seems simplest just to add a head to your existing command...
grep -o [[:digit:]] | head -n1
echo "nmcli tool, version 1.1.93" |sed "s/[^0-9]//g" |cut -c1
1
echo "nmcli tool, version 1.1.93" |grep -o '[0-9]' |head -1
1
This can be seen as a stream editing task: reduce that one line to the first digit. Basic regex register-based referencing achieves the task:
$ echo "junk 1.2.3.4" | sed -e 's/.* \([0-9]\).*/\1/'
1
Traditionally, Grep is best for searching for files and lines which match a pattern. This is why the grep solution requires the use of Perl regex; Perl regex has features that, in combination with -o, allow grep to escape "out of the box" and be used in ways it wasn't really intended: match X, but then output a substring of X. The solution is terse, but not portable to grep implementations that don't have PCRE.
Use [0-9] to match ASCII digits, by the way. The purpose of [[:digit:]] is to bring in locale-specific behavior: to be able to match digits other than just the ASCII 0x30 through 0x39.
It's fairly safe to say that nmcli isn't going to put outs its --version using, say, Devangari numerals, like १.२.३.४.
You could use standard awk instead:
nmcli --version | awk 'match($0, /[[:digit:]]/) {print substr($0, RSTART, RLENGTH); exit}'
For example:
$ seq 11111 33333 | awk 'match($0, /[[:digit:]]/) {print substr($0, RSTART, RLENGTH); exit}'
1
I am looking to extract a basedir from the output of ps -ef | grep classpath myprog.jar
root 20925 20886 1 17:41 pts/0 00:01:07 /opt/myprog/java/jre/bin -classpath myprog.jar
java is always a sub-dir under the basedir but the install path can vary from server to server e.g.
/usr/local/myprog/java/jre/bin
/opt/test/testing/myprog/java/jre/bin
So once i have my string how do I extract everything from before java until the beginning of the path?
That is, /usr/local/myprog or /opt/test/testing/myprog/
Using sed:
$ echo "root 20925 20886 1 17:41 pts/0 00:01:07 /opt/myprog/java/jre/bin -classpath myprog.jar" | sed 's/.*\ \(.*\)\/java.*/\1/'
/opt/myprog
Using grep -P:
ps -ef | grep -oP '\S+(?=/java)'
/opt/myprog
If your grep doesn't support -P then use:
s='root 20925 20886 1 17:41 pts/0 00:01:07 /opt/myprog/java/jre/bin -classpath myprog.jar'
[[ "$s" =~ (/[^[:blank:]]+)/java ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
/opt/myprog
echo "root 20925 20886 1 17:41 pts/0 00:01:07 /opt/myprog/java/jre/bin -classpath myprog.jar" | awk '{split($8,a,"/java"); print a[1]}'
Use pgrep to find all of the Java processes instead of using ps -ef | grep .... This way, you don't have to worry about your grep command showing up as one of your items.
Instead of running ps -ef, you can use the -o option to only pull up the desired fields, and most ps commands take --no-header to eliminate the header fields. This way, your script doesn't have to worry about header lines.
Finally, I am using Shell Parameter Expansion which is sometimes way easier than using sed to change a variable:
$ ps -o pid,args --no-headers $(pgrep -f "java .* myproj.jar") | while read pid command arguments
do
directory=${command%/java*}
echo "The directory for Process ID $pid is $directory"
done
By the way, you could be running multiple commands, so I loop through the ps command.
ps axo args | awk '/classpath myprog.jar/{print substr($0, 0,index($0, "java")-1)}'
For example:
$ echo '/opt/myprog/java/jre/bin -classpath myprog.jar' \
| awk '/classpath myprog.jar/{print substr($0, 0,index($0, "java")-1)}'
/opt/myprog/
You can (and probably should) switch both of the $0's to $1's if you know for sure that your path will not contain spaces. Or add additional fields to the ps -o list using commas (as in, o pid,args) and use $2 rather than $1.
You can match the following regex:
'((\/\w+)+)\/java'
and the first captured group \1 or $1 will contain the wanted string
Demo: http://regex101.com/r/zU2vV4
I want a pair of numbers after a pattern in a line, the pattern is 'mt=' and its position is variable in the line, so if I have mt=83, I only want 83.
I have the next code with an example of the line:
LINE=(10)un=5518666915/(34)ni=vvaummas03.me/ty=12/it=4/et=13/(8)id=ead57a5c/pt=7/to=20130408T155959Z/ot=2/(15)ed=ChangedGreeting/(16)ms=session_11218671/mt=81/
echo "$(expr substr $LINE $(($(echo $LINE | grep -b -o 'mt=' | cut -d: -f1)+4)) 2)"
I know the instruction can be improved, but it worked for me in CentOS, Cygwin and OpenSUSE, but when I run it in Solaris, the terminal show me that grep option -o and the -f1 instruction are invalid. I'm also having trouble with the instruction awk and another options like -c with cut; its very limited so I am searching for common commands on Solaris. I am not allowed to change or install anything on the system.
Any suggestions?
Since you have only a limited set of options it would be possible to do this using only Bash 3 or newer versions with regex matching:
if [[ "$LINE" =~ ^.*mt=([0-9]+).*$ ]]; then
printf "%s\n" "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
fi
This will capture any number with a least one digit, following the pattern mt= in the string.
How about this:
~]$ LINE="(10)un=5518666915/(34)ni=vvaummas03.me/ty=12/it=4/et=13/(8)id=ead57a5c/pt=7/to=20130408T155959Z/ot=2/(15)ed=ChangedGreeting/(16)ms=session_11218671/mt=81/"
~]$ echo $LINE | sed -e "s/.*mt=\([0-9]\+\).*/\1/"
81
I want to find files that have "abc" AND "efg" in that order, and those two strings are on different lines in that file. Eg: a file with content:
blah blah..
blah blah..
blah abc blah
blah blah..
blah blah..
blah blah..
blah efg blah blah
blah blah..
blah blah..
Should be matched.
Grep is an awkward tool for this operation.
pcregrep which is found in most of the modern Linux systems can be used as
pcregrep -M 'abc.*(\n|.)*efg' test.txt
where -M, --multiline allow patterns to match more than one line
There is a newer pcre2grep also. Both are provided by the PCRE project.
pcre2grep is available for Mac OS X via Mac Ports as part of port pcre2:
% sudo port install pcre2
and via Homebrew as:
% brew install pcre
or for pcre2
% brew install pcre2
pcre2grep is also available on Linux (Ubuntu 18.04+)
$ sudo apt install pcre2-utils # PCRE2
$ sudo apt install pcregrep # Older PCRE
Here is a solution inspired by this answer:
if 'abc' and 'efg' can be on the same line:
grep -zl 'abc.*efg' <your list of files>
if 'abc' and 'efg' must be on different lines:
grep -Pzl '(?s)abc.*\n.*efg' <your list of files>
Params:
-P Use perl compatible regular expressions (PCRE).
-z Treat the input as a set of lines, each terminated by a zero byte instead of a newline. i.e. grep treats the input as a one big line. Note that if you don't use -l it will display matches followed by a NUL char, see comments.
-l list matching filenames only.
(?s) activate PCRE_DOTALL, which means that '.' finds any character or newline.
I'm not sure if it is possible with grep, but sed makes it very easy:
sed -e '/abc/,/efg/!d' [file-with-content]
sed should suffice as poster LJ stated above,
instead of !d you can simply use p to print:
sed -n '/abc/,/efg/p' file
I relied heavily on pcregrep, but with newer grep you do not need to install pcregrep for many of its features. Just use grep -P.
In the example of the OP's question, I think the following options work nicely, with the second best matching how I understand the question:
grep -Pzo "abc(.|\n)*efg" /tmp/tes*
grep -Pzl "abc(.|\n)*efg" /tmp/tes*
I copied the text as /tmp/test1 and deleted the 'g' and saved as /tmp/test2. Here is the output showing that the first shows the matched string and the second shows only the filename (typical -o is to show match and typical -l is to show only filename). Note that the 'z' is necessary for multiline and the '(.|\n)' means to match either 'anything other than newline' or 'newline' - i.e. anything:
user#host:~$ grep -Pzo "abc(.|\n)*efg" /tmp/tes*
/tmp/test1:abc blah
blah blah..
blah blah..
blah blah..
blah efg
user#host:~$ grep -Pzl "abc(.|\n)*efg" /tmp/tes*
/tmp/test1
To determine if your version is new enough, run man grep and see if something similar to this appears near the top:
-P, --perl-regexp
Interpret PATTERN as a Perl regular expression (PCRE, see
below). This is highly experimental and grep -P may warn of
unimplemented features.
That is from GNU grep 2.10.
This can be done easily by first using tr to replace the newlines with some other character:
tr '\n' '\a' | grep -o 'abc.*def' | tr '\a' '\n'
Here, I am using the alarm character, \a (ASCII 7) in place of a newline.
This is almost never found in your text, and grep can match it with a ., or match it specifically with \a.
awk one-liner:
awk '/abc/,/efg/' [file-with-content]
If you are willing to use contexts, this could be achieved by typing
grep -A 500 abc test.txt | grep -B 500 efg
This will display everything between "abc" and "efg", as long as they are within 500 lines of each other.
You can do that very easily if you can use Perl.
perl -ne 'if (/abc/) { $abc = 1; next }; print "Found in $ARGV\n" if ($abc && /efg/); }' yourfilename.txt
You can do that with a single regular expression too, but that involves taking the entire contents of the file into a single string, which might end up taking up too much memory with large files.
For completeness, here is that method:
perl -e '#lines = <>; $content = join("", #lines); print "Found in $ARGV\n" if ($content =~ /abc.*efg/s);' yourfilename.txt
I don't know how I would do that with grep, but I would do something like this with awk:
awk '/abc/{ln1=NR} /efg/{ln2=NR} END{if(ln1 && ln2 && ln1 < ln2){print "found"}else{print "not found"}}' foo
You need to be careful how you do this, though. Do you want the regex to match the substring or the entire word? add \w tags as appropriate. Also, while this strictly conforms to how you stated the example, it doesn't quite work when abc appears a second time after efg. If you want to handle that, add an if as appropriate in the /abc/ case etc.
If you need both words are close each other, for example no more than 3 lines, you can do this:
find . -exec grep -Hn -C 3 "abc" {} \; | grep -C 3 "efg"
Same example but filtering only *.txt files:
find . -name *.txt -exec grep -Hn -C 3 "abc" {} \; | grep -C 3 "efg"
And also you can replace grep command with egrep command if you want also find with regular expressions.
I released a grep alternative a few days ago that does support this directly, either via multiline matching or using conditions - hopefully it is useful for some people searching here. This is what the commands for the example would look like:
Multiline:
sift -lm 'abc.*efg' testfile
Conditions:
sift -l 'abc' testfile --followed-by 'efg'
You could also specify that 'efg' has to follow 'abc' within a certain number of lines:
sift -l 'abc' testfile --followed-within 5:'efg'
You can find more information on sift-tool.org.
Possible with ripgrep:
$ rg --multiline 'abc(\n|.)+?efg' test.txt
3:blah abc blah
4:blah abc blah
5:blah blah..
6:blah blah..
7:blah blah..
8:blah efg blah blah
Or some other incantations.
If you want . to count as a newline:
$ rg --multiline '(?s)abc.+?efg' test.txt
3:blah abc blah
4:blah abc blah
5:blah blah..
6:blah blah..
7:blah blah..
8:blah efg blah blah
Or equivalent to having the (?s) would be rg --multiline --multiline-dotall
And to answer the original question, where they have to be on separate lines:
$ rg --multiline 'abc.*[\n](\n|.)*efg' test.txt
And if you want it "non greedy" so you don't just get the first abc with the last efg (separate them into pairs):
$ rg --multiline 'abc.*[\n](\n|.)*?efg' test.txt
https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/9zneks2cbv-multiline-matches-with-ripgrep-rg
Sadly, you can't. From the grep docs:
grep searches the named input FILEs (or standard input if no files are named, or if a single hyphen-minus (-) is given as file name) for lines containing a match to the given PATTERN.
While the sed option is the simplest and easiest, LJ's one-liner is sadly not the most portable. Those stuck with a version of the C Shell (instead of bash) will need to escape their bangs:
sed -e '/abc/,/efg/\!d' [file]
Which line unfortunately does not work in bash et al.
With silver searcher:
ag 'abc.*(\n|.)*efg' your_filename
similar to ring bearer's answer, but with ag instead. Speed advantages of silver searcher could possibly shine here.
#!/bin/bash
shopt -s nullglob
for file in *
do
r=$(awk '/abc/{f=1}/efg/{g=1;exit}END{print g&&f ?1:0}' file)
if [ "$r" -eq 1 ];then
echo "Found pattern in $file"
else
echo "not found"
fi
done
you can use grep incase you are not keen in the sequence of the pattern.
grep -l "pattern1" filepattern*.* | xargs grep "pattern2"
example
grep -l "vector" *.cpp | xargs grep "map"
grep -l will find all the files which matches the first pattern, and xargs will grep for the second pattern. Hope this helps.
If you have some estimation about the distance between the 2 strings 'abc' and 'efg' you are looking for, you might use:
grep -r . -e 'abc' -A num1 -B num2 | grep 'efg'
That way, the first grep will return the line with the 'abc' plus #num1 lines after it, and #num2 lines after it, and the second grep will sift through all of those to get the 'efg'.
Then you'll know at which files they appear together.
With ugrep released a few months ago:
ugrep 'abc(\n|.)+?efg'
This tool is highly optimized for speed. It's also GNU/BSD/PCRE-grep compatible.
Note that we should use a lazy repetition +?, unless you want to match all lines with efg together until the last efg in the file.
You have at least a couple options --
DOTALL method
use (?s) to DOTALL the . character to include \n
you can also use a lookahead (?=\n) -- won't be captured in match
example-text:
true
match me
false
match me one
false
match me two
true
match me three
third line!!
{BLANK_LINE}
command:
grep -Pozi '(?s)true.+?\n(?=\n)' example-text
-p for perl regular expressions
-o to only match pattern, not whole line
-z to allow line breaks
-i makes case-insensitive
output:
true
match me
true
match me three
third line!!
notes:
- +? makes modifier non-greedy so matches shortest string instead of largest (prevents from returning one match containing entire text)
you can use the oldschool O.G. manual method using \n
command:
grep -Pozi 'true(.|\n)+?\n(?=\n)'
output:
true
match me
true
match me three
third line!!
I used this to extract a fasta sequence from a multi fasta file using the -P option for grep:
grep -Pzo ">tig00000034[^>]+" file.fasta > desired_sequence.fasta
P for perl based searches
z for making a line end in 0 bytes rather than newline char
o to just capture what matched since grep returns the whole line (which in this case since you did -z is the whole file).
The core of the regexp is the [^>] which translates to "not the greater than symbol"
As an alternative to Balu Mohan's answer, it is possible to enforce the order of the patterns using only grep, head and tail:
for f in FILEGLOB; do tail $f -n +$(grep -n "pattern1" $f | head -n1 | cut -d : -f 1) 2>/dev/null | grep "pattern2" &>/dev/null && echo $f; done
This one isn't very pretty, though. Formatted more readably:
for f in FILEGLOB; do
tail $f -n +$(grep -n "pattern1" $f | head -n1 | cut -d : -f 1) 2>/dev/null \
| grep -q "pattern2" \
&& echo $f
done
This will print the names of all files where "pattern2" appears after "pattern1", or where both appear on the same line:
$ echo "abc
def" > a.txt
$ echo "def
abc" > b.txt
$ echo "abcdef" > c.txt; echo "defabc" > d.txt
$ for f in *.txt; do tail $f -n +$(grep -n "abc" $f | head -n1 | cut -d : -f 1) 2>/dev/null | grep -q "def" && echo $f; done
a.txt
c.txt
d.txt
Explanation
tail -n +i - print all lines after the ith, inclusive
grep -n - prepend matching lines with their line numbers
head -n1 - print only the first row
cut -d : -f 1 - print the first cut column using : as the delimiter
2>/dev/null - silence tail error output that occurs if the $() expression returns empty
grep -q - silence grep and return immediately if a match is found, since we are only interested in the exit code
This should work too?!
perl -lpne 'print $ARGV if /abc.*?efg/s' file_list
$ARGV contains the name of the current file when reading from file_list
/s modifier searches across newline.
The filepattern *.sh is important to prevent directories to be inspected. Of course some test could prevent that too.
for f in *.sh
do
a=$( grep -n -m1 abc $f )
test -n "${a}" && z=$( grep -n efg $f | tail -n 1) || continue
(( ((${z/:*/}-${a/:*/})) > 0 )) && echo $f
done
The
grep -n -m1 abc $f
searches maximum 1 matching and returns (-n) the linenumber.
If a match was found (test -n ...) find the last match of efg (find all and take the last with tail -n 1).
z=$( grep -n efg $f | tail -n 1)
else continue.
Since the result is something like 18:foofile.sh String alf="abc"; we need to cut away from ":" till end of line.
((${z/:*/}-${a/:*/}))
Should return a positive result if the last match of the 2nd expression is past the first match of the first.
Then we report the filename echo $f.
To search recursively across all files (across multiple lines within each file) with BOTH strings present (i.e. string1 and string2 on different lines and both present in same file):
grep -r -l 'string1' * > tmp; while read p; do grep -l 'string2' $p; done < tmp; rm tmp
To search recursively across all files (across multiple lines within each file) with EITHER string present (i.e. string1 and string2 on different lines and either present in same file):
grep -r -l 'string1\|string2' *
Here's a way by using two greps in a row:
egrep -o 'abc|efg' $file | grep -A1 abc | grep efg | wc -l
returns 0 or a positive integer.
egrep -o (Only shows matches, trick: multiple matches on the same line produce multi-line output as if they are on different lines)
grep -A1 abc (print abc and the line after it)
grep efg | wc -l (0-n count of efg lines found after abc on the same or following lines, result can be used in an 'if")
grep can be changed to egrep etc. if pattern matching is needed
This should work:
cat FILE | egrep 'abc|efg'
If there is more than one match you can filter out using grep -v