I'am working on a group project with ROS and C++ on Ubuntu 16.04. Everything is working fine until two weeks ago I got this error
message out of the blue:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/cstring:42:0,
from /usr/include/boost/math/special_functions/detail/fp_traits.hpp:23,
from /usr/include/boost/math/special_functions/fpclassify.hpp:20,
from /usr/include/boost/math/special_functions/round.hpp:16,
from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/time.h:58,
from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/ros.h:38,
from /home/benjamin/Documents/bob_ws/src/tutorial/hello_world/src/hello_world.cpp:1:
/usr/include/string.h: In function ‘size_t strlen(const char*)’:
/usr/include/string.h:395:6: error: ‘cout’ was not declared in this scope
cout << *__s;
^
/usr/include/string.h:395:6: note: suggested alternative:
In file included from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/time.h:54:0,
from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/ros.h:38,
from /home/benjamin/Documents/bob_ws/src/tutorial/hello_world/src/hello_world.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/5/iostream:61:18: note: ‘std::cout’
extern ostream cout; /// Linked to standard output
^
In file included from /usr/include/features.h:367:0,
from /usr/include/stdlib.h:24,
from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/platform.h:53,
from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/time.h:53,
from /opt/ros/kinetic/include/ros/ros.h:38,
from /home/benjamin/Documents/bob_ws/src/tutorial/hello_world/src/hello_world.cpp:1:
/usr/include/string.h:396:6: error: expected primary-expression before ‘)’ token
__THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1));
As a newbie to C++ and ROS my first thought was that I messed up by installing / removing some packages. So I tried reinstalling the whole ros framework. Didn't work, so I wrote a little programs
which (I think) shows what my problem is. I cannot include <cstring>:
#include <cstring>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
return 0;
}
When compiling that with g++ -Wall a.cpp -o atest I got a 2500 row error message.
Now I think there could be a little problem with cstring, but I have sadly no idea how to solve it.
My googling suggests that locate cstring | grep include might be of interest:
/usr/include/boost/compatibility/cpp_c_headers/cstring
/usr/include/boost/python/docstring_options.hpp
/usr/include/boost/test/utils/basic_cstring
/usr/include/boost/test/utils/basic_cstring/basic_cstring.hpp
/usr/include/boost/test/utils/basic_cstring/basic_cstring_fwd.hpp
/usr/include/boost/test/utils/basic_cstring/bcs_char_traits.hpp
/usr/include/boost/test/utils/basic_cstring/compare.hpp
/usr/include/boost/test/utils/basic_cstring/io.hpp
/usr/include/c++/4.8/cstring
/usr/include/c++/5/cstring
/usr/include/qt4/Qt/q3cstring.h
/usr/include/qt4/Qt3Support/q3cstring.h
Maybe it is a problem that there are two versions of C++ installed?
I'am pretty close to setting my system up
from scratch so you guys are my last hope.
Thanks to #molbdnilo and #Konrad Rudolph I figured that somehow my /usr/include/string.h (which is a C Header file) tried to import /usr/include/c++/5/iostream (which is a c++ lib).
After a vim diff with a working string.h I deleted the divergent lines wich was only the include statement for iostream.
As #digitalarbeiter recommended it is in general a bad idea to manualy change some code in this kind of files so I reinstalled libc6-dev with
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev --reinstall
and it still works.
I still have no idea how this could happen. The file was edited in april and the error occured in october. Anyway thanks to all the helpers!
Related
I am running a fresh install of Linux Mint 20.1 and I'n trying to compile a program for a GPS tracker, but it won't compile:
In file included from /usr/include/c++/9/bits/stl_algo.h:59,
from /usr/include/c++/9/algorithm:62,
from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtCore/qglobal.h:142,
from /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/qt5/QtCore/QtCore:4,
from pch.h:27:
/usr/include/c++/9/cstdlib:75:15: fatal error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory
75 | #include_next <stdlib.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
I have installed a number of additional libraries (libusb, libmarble and a few others) and qmake.
Of course, stdlib.h is present on the system:
$ find /usr -name stdlib.h
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdlib.h
/usr/include/bsd/stdlib.h
/usr/include/stdlib.h
/usr/include/c++/9/tr1/stdlib.h
/usr/include/c++/9/stdlib.h
/usr/include/tcl8.6/tcl-private/compat/stdlib.h
After looking at the other questions about this, I re-installed build-essential, which didn't help.
I re-installed the g++ compiler, no luck either.
I copied /usr/include/c++/9/stdlib.h to /usr/local/include, but it still complains about a missing stdlib.h
I changed the
#include_next <stdlib.h>
in cstdlib into
#include <stdlib.h>
only to find that the next include cannot find stdlib.h; changing that one produced the third include and so on. So that does not work either.
The program compiles and works on Slackware 14.2 by the way.
What am I missing?
Hello-world compiles normally; a simple program that does a malloc also compiles and runs.
I used to #anastaciu 's solution.
As it was a fresh install without much customization, I resorted to the option of a complete re-install. Bizarre that that works a bit, as it was already a fresh install. I still had to copy stdlib.h and a few others (math.h etc.) to /usr/local/lib` to get to the point where it would at least compile.
So I am looking to compile this project https://github.com/MMquant/bfx-cpp-api using the example code. I have included the cryptopp file that was suggested in the read me. It is found here: https://github.com/weidai11/cryptopp.
I am using Ubutnu version 17.10 and the GNU compiler.
Here's how I am compiling:
g++ example.cpp BitfinexAPI.cpp BitfinexAPI.hpp -Icryptopp -I. -o a -w -std=c++17
It seems strange that BitFinex would support broken code so I am fairly sure that the issue must be something that I am doing.
The errors I am getting are related to line 936 where the datatype 'byte' is not declared. My prediction is that I am missing a header file somewhere but any help would be appreciated.
$ g++ example.cpp BitfinexAPI.cpp BitfinexAPI.hpp -Icryptopp -I. -o a -w -std=c++17
BitfinexAPI.cpp: In static member function ‘static int BitfinexAPI::getBase64(const string&, std::__cxx11::string&)’:
BitfinexAPI.cpp:936:5: error: ‘byte’ was not declared in this scope
byte buffer[1024] = {};
^~~~
BitfinexAPI.cpp:936:5: note: suggested alternative:
In file included from ../cryptopp/seckey.h:9:0,
from ../cryptopp/hmac.h:9,
from BitfinexAPI.cpp:37:
../cryptopp/config.h:222:23: note: ‘CryptoPP::byte’
typedef unsigned char byte;
^~~~
BitfinexAPI.cpp:940:9: error: ‘buffer’ was not declared in this scope
buffer[i] = content[i];
^~~~~~
BitfinexAPI.cpp:940:9: note: suggested alternative: ‘setbuffer’
buffer[i] = content[i];
^~~~~~
setbuffer
BitfinexAPI.cpp:943:21: error: ‘buffer’ was not declared in this scope
StringSource ss(buffer, content.length(), true, new Base64Encoder( new StringSink(encoded), false));
^~~~~~
BitfinexAPI.cpp:943:21: note: suggested alternative: ‘setbuffer’
StringSource ss(buffer, content.length(), true, new Base64Encoder( new StringSink(encoded), false));
^~~~~~
setbuffer
BitfinexAPI.cpp: In static member function ‘static int BitfinexAPI::getHmacSha384(const string&, const string&, std::__cxx11::string&)’:
BitfinexAPI.cpp:963:33: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘type name’ with no type [-fpermissive]
SecByteBlock byteKey((const byte*)key.data(), key.size());
^~~~
BitfinexAPI.cpp:963:27: error: expected primary-expression before ‘const’
SecByteBlock byteKey((const byte*)key.data(), key.size());
^~~~~
BitfinexAPI.cpp:963:27: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘const’
Here's how I am compiling:
g++ example.cpp BitfinexAPI.cpp BitfinexAPI.hpp -Icryptopp -I. -o a -w -std=c++17
It seems strange that BitFinex would support broken code so I am
fairly sure that the issue must be something that I am doing.
The errors I am getting are related to line 936 where the datatype
'byte' is not declared. My prediction is that I am missing a header
file somewhere but any help would be appreciated.
#kabanus identified the problem.
Crypto++ used to provide a byte in the global C++ namespace. It was there for two reasons. First, it was a convenience item on Linux. You could use byte instead of CryptoPP::byte. Second, it avoided compiler errors on Windows. Microsoft SDK's provide a byte in the global namespace, and if we put a byte at CryptoPP::byte then compile errors resulted from ambiguous definitions.
C++17 came along and offered a std::byte; see P0298R0, A byte type definition. The global Crypto++ byte broke Linux when folks used a using namespace std. And it completely broke Microsoft because Microsoft SDK's provides a global byte. Ironically, the authors of P0298R0 work for Microsoft.
Crypto++ placing a byte in the global namespace was a C++ No-No. We got away with it for years, but it jumped up and bit us in C++17. We moved it into our namespace where it belongs. The check-in occurred at Commit 00f9818b5d8e, which happened after 5.6.5 was released and prior to 6.0 release.
Looking at the source for BitfinexAPI.cpp, this is probably the solution... open BitfinexAPI.cpp, and add the following at the top of the file:
// CRYPTOPP_NO_GLOBAL_BYTE signals byte is at CryptoPP::byte
#if defined(CRYPTOPP_NO_GLOBAL_BYTE)
using CryptoPP::byte;
#endif
Also see std::byte on the Crypto++ wiki. We took the time to document it because of all the problems std::byte, Microsoft's global byte and our byte definitions are going to cause.
Related, you don't need to specify the C++ header on the command line. The compile error is due to the changes detailed above. All you need is:
g++ -std=c++17 example.cpp BitfinexAPI.cpp -I. ./cryptopp/libcryptopp.a -o example.exe
This assumes a directory structure of:
- bfx-api/
|
+- cryptopp/
The cryptopp/libcryptopp.a is a convenient way to sidestep those stupid Linux path problems that have existed for years. You link against the static archive which means you don't need a library at runtime.
Now open in the BFX issue tracker: Crypto++ byte change at Crypto++ 6.0. It should help the project engineer around the changes.
A bit tricky but I (think?) found it. byte is defined in the cryptopp code at:
https://github.com/weidai11/cryptopp/blob/master/config.h
line 222. So I'm guessing the config.h on your system is non-existent, probably because you didn't properly install the header. A common problem is having the library
sudo apt-get install libcrypto++
but missing the developer files (specifically the headers)
sudo apt-get install libcrypto++-dev
I'm not 100% about the package names (Debian user), should be close though.
Good catch from JTejedor:
Seems like the crypto guys placed a namespace around their definitions so as to not conflict with std::byte. You may want to add a CryptoPP:: to the byte definition in bfx (line 936), and if that works open a bug to the guys over there (or request a pull).
I’m trying to install the Nsis on Linux,
I found a great guide to install from: http://www.xdevsoftware.com/blog/post/How-to-Install-the-Nullsoft-Installer---NSIS-on-Linux-.aspx
The problem is that its failing in the final step:
scons SKIPSTUBS=all SKIPPLUGINS=all SKIPUTILS=all SKIPMISC=all NSIS_CONFIG_CONST_DATA=no PREFIX=/usr/local/nsis/nsis-2.46 install-compiler
this is the output that i get:
Source/script.cpp:6460:1: required from here
Source/util.h:145:1: error: 'close' was not declared in this scope,
and no declarations were found by argument-dependent lookup at the point of instantiation [-fpermissive]
The error is : ‘close’ was not declared in this scope….
I tried to run it a few times, and look up solution in the internet but I think there is a problem with that this a 64bit machine and not 32.
any idea?
Try adding #include <unistd.h> to util.h
There is a recent bug report about close() but that is on OSX and related to compiler/c++ library changes so I'm not sure if it applies but it might be worth looking into...
My profile is updated to point to what i think is the right location:
PATH=${PATH}:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin:${PATH}
Compilers are found
[11:39:32] ~: $ which g++
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin//g++
[11:39:35] ~: $ which gcc
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin//gcc
Hello world looks as follows
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
Fails to execute both from command line and TextMate with
[11:40:15] Desktop: $ g++ untitled.cpp
untitled.cpp:1:20: error: iostream: No such file or directory
untitled.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
untitled.cpp:6: error: ‘cout’ was not declared in this scope
What else should i have in my path and am missing please?
The answer is, as always, obvious
Install Xcode Command Line Tools
Check your /usr/bin and find there:
Try again .. Everything works automagically
On a side note, it is odd that upgrade from OSX10.7 to OSX10.8 removed these links
This answer is for GCC, but other non-vcc compilers may be the same. When I used GCC iostream was non existent, however iostream.h was, I suggest you try iostream.h and if you run into this problem again with STL headers add the .h.
I'm looking for an implementation of Hybrid Tree(not important), and find an "old" one here.
The author said they have tried this code on the SUN Sparc platform (running Solaris 2.6) and with gcc-2.8.1 compiler. And my environment is gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 10.10).
The problem is:
I run "make" with the makefile he provides, but it gives me lots of error message as follows:
g++ -c Node.C
g++ -c DataNode.C
In file included from DataNode.h:18,
from DataNode.C:17:
Query.h:9:20: error: vector.h: No such file or directory
Query.h:10:19: error: stack.h: No such file or directory
Query.h:13:22: error: function.h: No such file or directory
Query.h:14:22: error: iostream.h: No such file or directory
DataNode.C:283:8: warning: extra tokens at end of #endif directive
In file included from DataNode.h:18,
from DataNode.C:17:
Query.h:29: warning: ‘typedef’ was ignored in this declaration
Query.h:44: warning: ‘typedef’ was ignored in this declaration
Query.h:86: error: expected initializer before ‘<’ token
Query.h:118: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘PQ’ with no type
Query.h:118: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Query.h:122: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘PQ’ with no type
Query.h:122: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Query.h:126: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘PQ’ with no type
Query.h:126: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Query.h:135: error: expected initializer before ‘<’ token
DataNode.C: In member function ‘void DataNode::DisconnectBranch(int)’:
DataNode.C:80: error: ‘memmove’ was not declared in this scope
make: *** [DataNode.o] Error 1
I know I need to modify the souce code so as to agree with the morden compiler, such as change vector.h to vector. But I find it's just endless.
So my question is: is there any convienent method to run this program, no matter automatically converting this code to "modern-style" or using a standalone "old-style" compiler ?
Any suggestions?
===Update:===
Thank you all, I installed gcc2.8.1 in a different dir using --prefix=/usr/local/gcc-2.8.1 and modify the "makefile" to use this old-version gcc(/usr/local/gcc-2.8.1/bin/gcc). But when I run "make", it still gives me errors of not finding the headers:
/usr/local/gcc-2.8.1/bin/gcc -c DataNode.C
In file included from DataNode.h:18,
from DataNode.C:17:
Query.h:9: vector.h: No such file or directory
Query.h:10: stack.h: No such file or directory
Query.h:11: deque: No such file or directory
Query.h:12: algorithm: No such file or directory
Query.h:13: function.h: No such file or directory
Query.h:14: iostream.h: No such file or directory
make: *** [DataNode.o] Error 1
Then I tried to find these heads in /usr/local/gcc-2.8.1 using find /usr/local/gcc-2.8.1 -name "*vector*", but got nothing.
So where are these heads for the old-version gcc?
You can make a vertor.h yourself which includes vector. This way you can fix the incompatibilities noninvasively.
Edit:
You may also need to add a
using namespace std;
in the header file(s). This is
generally a bad idea but this is one situation where i'd do it anyway.
Once you get it working i would reccomend rewriting it to use the new style header files and namespaces.
Debian Lenny (oldstable) has gcc 3.4. This might have a better backward compatibility. Try to make compatibility headers for the rest of the issues and include them via an extra -I directory, e.g. a vector.h header file that includes vector.
Do yourself the favor and try not to touch the old code. It is easy to break legacy code in unforeseen ways.
You could try running the program on QEMU which supports Solaris 2.6. The only problem might be hunting for the install disc/image. Also, there are people that sells old Solaris boxes on eBay for cheap, you might be able to grab one.
GCC provides download for very old versions, you might be able to get better chance if you try older version of the compiler.
gcc has -fpermissive option: try it and see whether at least some errors disappear. Also: try making a single header file that will include all requisite headers with using directives. For example, make stdinc.h containing:
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
...
using std::vector;
using std::fstream;
...
Replace all mentions of legacy C++ header files with a single include of stdinc.h. Old C++ didn't have namespaces, so even if you replace individual directives with just using namespace std;, clashes are unlikely.
If the only thing is
#include <vector.h>
to
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
Why not try sed?
grep for all includes to see if there are other includes than the c++ headers. If not your lucky.
Another thing that is more tricky is that there is old code that relies on accessing data through iterators in a non-standard way. I saw that in a Doom map editor for linux. Then you may need to do manual stuff.