I am porting a simple program from Ruby to Crystal. I've written a spec test for it. The program being tested needs to do some http so I tried using the http library and as an alternative the crest library. In both cases trying to run gives me this error. It looks like some library is missing but hard to see which one or what the right way to fix it is.
ld: library not found for -lssl [33;1m(this usually means you need to
install the development package for libssl)[0m
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
Error: execution of command failed with code: 1: cc "${#}" -o '/Users/pitosalas/.cache/crystal/crystal-run-hue.tmp' -rdynamiccommand -v pkg-config > /dev/null && pkg-config --libs --silence-errors libssl || printf %s '-lssl -lcrypto'`command -v pkg-config > /dev/null && pkg-config --libs --silence-errors libcrypto || printf %s '-lcrypto' -lpcre -lgc -lpthread /usr/local/Cellar/crystal/0.26.1_1/src/ext/libcrystal.a -levent -liconv -ldl -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib`"
(I'm porting a small program from ruby to crystal)
it does away when I remove the line "require "http/client
What OS/distro are you using? It says you need the libssl development package.
If you are on Debian/Ubuntu:
sudo apt install libssl-dev
Or for others it should be listed here or maybe here
Related
I'd like to learn how to write PNG images pixel-by-pixel using both RGB and HSV color models with C++. I read that this should be fairly easy using PNGwriter (https://github.com/pngwriter/pngwriter), but I've spent many hours struggling with installing it (on Ubuntu) and compiling my code with it. Any help would be much appreciated.
Disclaimer: I have a weird background in the sense that I have many years of experience in using Unix-like operating systems, doing stuff in the terminal, and writing code, but I know little/nothing about installing software from the source code or compiling programs manually or with makefiles from multiple source code files.
The installation instructions on GitHub advise to do one of the following:
Spack:
spack install pngwriter
spack load pngwriter
From Source:
First install the dependencies zlib, libpng, and (optional for text support) freetype. PNGwriter >can then be installed using CMake:
git clone https://github.com/pngwriter/pngwriter.git
mkdir -p pngwriter-build
cd pngwriter-build
# for own install prefix append: -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/somepath
cmake ../pngwriter
make -j
# optional
make test
# sudo is only required for system paths
sudo make install
I managed to install Spack and then PNGwriter, but couldn't compile the simplest program with it and wasn't able to figure out why. I then installed PNGwriter manually, but still couldn't compile anything with it. This was many hours of struggling ago so I, unfortunately, don't remember what kind of errors or problems I was encountering at this point.
The instructions on GitHub say the following about linking:
First set the following environment hint if PNGwriter was not installed in a system path:
# optional: only needed if installed outside of system paths
export CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/somepath:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
Use the following lines in your projects CMakeLists.txt:
find_package(PNGwriter 0.7.0)
if(PNGwriter_FOUND)
target_link_libraries(YourTarget PRIVATE PNGwriter::PNGwriter)
endif(PNGwriter_FOUND)
Questions: How do I know if PNGwriter was or wasn't installed in a system path? I have libPNGwriter.a in /usr/local/lib and pngwriter.h in /usr/local/include --- does this mean that it was installed in a system path? When installing I simply tried to follow the instructions above. Do I just type the environment hint to the terminal or add it to some file? If the former then does it need to be given every time I open a new terminal session? Is "somepath" /usr/local/lib, /usr/local/include or something else?
Questions: Does the second part regarding "CMakeLists.txt" depend on whether PNGwriter was installed in a system path? What is "CMakeLists.txt"? I assume it's some file one's IDE creates, but my NetBeans projects don't seem to contain such files. What if I have a single source file and compile it manually in the terminal?
Now, let's say I'd like to compile the PNGwriter quickstart example:
#include <pngwriter.h>
int main()
{
int i;
int y;
pngwriter png(300, 300, 0, "test.png");
for(i = 1; i ≤ 300; i++)
{
y = 150 + 100*sin((double)i*9/300.0);
png.plot(i, y, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
png.close();
return 0;
}
The PNGwriter manual instructs to compile as
g++ myprogram.cc -o my_program `freetype-config --cflags` -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lpng -lpngwriter -lz -lfreetype
but I get errors
$ g++ example.cpp -o example `freetype-config --cflags` -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lpng -lpngwriter -lz -lfreetype
Package freetype2 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `freetype2.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
Package 'freetype2', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package freetype2 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `freetype2.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
Package 'freetype2', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package freetype2 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `freetype2.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
Package 'freetype2', required by 'virtual:world', not found
Package freetype2 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `freetype2.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
Package 'freetype2', required by 'virtual:world', not found
sed: -e expression #1, char 0: no previous regular expression
sed: -e expression #1, char 0: no previous regular expression
In file included from example.cpp:1:0:
/usr/local/include/pngwriter.h:66:22: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
The answer to this Stack Overflow question (Trying to install pygame on ubuntu which gives error) suggests to install libfreetype6-dev, but I apparently have the latest version already whereby the errors remain unchanged. If I instead actually add the directory containing freetype2.pc (I found it by going to / and using find -name "freetype2.pc") to the environment variable (added export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig/:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH to ~/.bashrc and did source ~/.bashrc) then I get new errors
$ g++ example.cpp -o example `freetype-config --cflags` -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lpng -lpngwriter -lz -lfreetype
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpngwriter
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Here I figured out that I needed to replace -lpngwriter with -lPNGwriter (i.e., the manual is erroneous). Then I get:
$ g++ example.cpp -o example `freetype-config --cflags` -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lpng -lPNGwriter -lz -lfreetype
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libPNGwriter.a(pngwriter.cc.o): undefined reference to symbol 'png_set_sig_bytes##PNG12_0'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
This is where I'm currently stuck. I can't seem to find a solution by googling (at least one that I'd understand).
Question: How do I get this working? How do I get it working in NetBeans? Do I get these problems because I effed up the linking step above?
Edit1: As per john's comment, I tried swapping -lpng and -lPNGwriter and I again get new errors:
$ g++ example.cpp -o example `freetype-config --cflags` -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lPNGwriter -lpng -lz -lfreetype
/usr/local/lib/libPNGwriter.a(pngwriter.cc.o): In function `pngwriter::close()':
pngwriter.cc:(.text+0x41c2): undefined reference to `png_convert_to_rfc1123_buffer'
/usr/local/lib/libPNGwriter.a(pngwriter.cc.o): In function `pngwriter::read_png_info(_IO_FILE*, png_struct_def**, png_info_def**)':
pngwriter.cc:(.text+0x4fdf): undefined reference to `png_set_longjmp_fn'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I'm still left clueless.
Thanks to john, I think I got it figured out. My guess is that the installation from the source (after the Spack installation) messed things up somehow. I reinstalled PNGwriter using Spack and, now apparently having all the pieces for the compilation command, was finally able to compile the example code.
Summary:
Source Spack
# For bash/zsh/sh
$ . spack/share/spack/setup-env.sh
# For tcsh/csh
$ source spack/share/spack/setup-env.csh
# For fish
$ . spack/share/spack/setup-env.fish
Install using Spack (skip if already installed)
spack install pngwriter
Load PNGwriter (I guess one needs to do this in every new terminal session)
spack load pngwriter
Compile (note that this isn't quite what the PNGwriter manual suggests)
g++ example.cpp -o example `freetype-config --cflags` -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lPNGwriter -lpng -lz -lfreetype
I want to develop a small program that checks which polygons from a shapefile intersect a given rectangle. This program is to be used in a website (with PHP's exec() command). The problem is, my webserver cannot install GDAL, for reasons unknown to me. So I can't link to the shared libraries. Instead, I must link to static libraries, but these aren't given.
I've downloaded the GDAL source code from here (2.3.2 Latest Stable Release - September 2018), and followed the build instructions from here. Since I already have GDAL working on my Debian, and don't want to mess with it, I followed the "Install in non-root directory" instructions, with some adjusts from the last item in the "Some caveats" section:
cd /home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2
mkdir build
./configure --prefix=/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/ --without-ld-shared --disable-shared --enable-static
make
make install
export PATH=/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export GDAL_DATA=/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/share/gdal
/usr/bin/gdalinfo --version
build/bin/gdalinfo --version
The first /usr/bin/gdalinfo --version gives 2.1.2 (the previous installed version). The second, build/bin/gdalinfo --version, gives 2.3.2 (the version just built).
By now, my program only uses the ogrsf_frmts.h header, which is in /usr/include/gdal/ or /home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/include/ directory, depending on the build. There's no ogrsf_frmts.a file, but only a libgdal.a. Is this the file I should be linking against? If so, how? I've tried so far:
gcc geofragc.cpp -l:libgdal.a
gcc geofragc.cpp -Wl,-Bstatic -l:libgdal.a
gcc geofragc.cpp -Wl,-Bstatic -l:/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/lib/libgdal.a
gcc geofragc.cpp -Wl,-Bstatic -l/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/lib/libgdal.a
gcc geofragc.cpp /home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/lib/libgdal.a
gcc geofragc.cpp -l/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/lib/libgdal.a
gcc geofragc.cpp -l:/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/build/lib/libgdal.a
but nothing works. What am I missing?
EDIT
The second trial (gcc geofragc.cpp -Wl,-Bstatic -l:libgdal.a) is giving the following error:
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/6/../../../../lib/libgdal.a(gdalclientserver.o): In function `GDALServerSpawnAsync()':
(.text+0x1f5e): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
You can use the gdal-config program to get correct options for compilation and linking. This program is a part of the GDAL library and it has its own options:
hekto#ubuntu:~$ gdal-config --help
Usage: gdal-config [OPTIONS]
Options:
[--prefix[=DIR]]
[--libs]
[--dep-libs]
[--cflags]
[--datadir]
[--version]
[--ogr-enabled]
[--gnm-enabled]
[--formats]
You have to make sure this program is on your search path, or you can create an alias - for example:
alias gdal-config='/home/rodrigo/Downloads/gdal232/gdal-2.3.2/bin/gdal-config'
Now your compilation and linking command becomes the following one:
g++ `gdal-config --cflags` geofragc.cpp `gdal-config --libs` `gdal-config --dep-libs`
You have to use the g++ compiler to link with C++-built libraries.
Another option is to create a Makefile with these lines:
CXXFLAGS += ${shell gdal-config --cflags}
LDLIBS += ${shell gdal-config --libs}
LDLIBS += ${shell gdal-config --dep-libs}
geofragc: geofragc.cpp
and just call make with this Makefile.
I hope, it'll help.
I'm testing a CNN implementation provided here. I run the command:
make cifar10 && ./cifar10
But I got the following messages:
g++ -o cifar10 BatchProducer.o ConvolutionalLayer.o ConvolutionalTriangularLayer.o IndexLearnerLayer.o MaxPoolingLayer.o MaxPoolingTriangularLayer.o NetworkArchitectures.o NetworkInNetworkLayer.o Picture.o Regions.o Rng.o SigmoidLayer.o SoftmaxClassifier.o SparseConvNet.o SparseConvNetCUDA.o SpatiallySparseBatch.o SpatiallySparseBatchInterface.o SpatiallySparseDataset.o SpatiallySparseLayer.o TerminalPoolingLayer.o cudaUtilities.o readImageToMat.o types.o utilities.o vectorCUDA.o vectorHash.o OpenCVPicture.o SpatiallySparseDatasetCIFAR10.o cifar10.o -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lrt -larmadillo -lopenblas -lz --std=c++11 -O3
/usr/bin/ld: BatchProducer.o: undefined reference to symbol 'pthread_create##GLIBC_2.2.5'
//lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [cifar10] Error 1
What's wrong with this? I installed all the dependencies listed in the webpage. I did not install CUDA because I tested the CPU version here. Therefore I don't think the error is due to missing CUDA.
I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 and gcc 5.3.0.
Thank you all for helping me!!!
Solution: add '-lz' to your makefile / GCC flags. In other words, your simply missing a library in your make steps, and check if you installled all dependencies
sudo apt-get install libarmadillo-dev libopencv-core-dev libopencv-highgui-dev sparsehash
I have written a C++ program (mainPixelDet1.C that uses a class defined in PixelDet1.C), that works in root's interactive mode.
But now I want to compile it outside root, using g++.
Here's what I write on the Terminal:
g++ -o main mainPixelDet1.C PixelDet1.C `root-config --cflags --glibs`
And here's what I get:
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lGraf3d
usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lPostscript
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lPhysics
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
You'll have to also include --ldflags to root-config, so that root-config will supply the necessary library flag arguments.
I had the same problem and I just solved it installing these libraries: "libroot-*", "root-plugin-*","ttf-root-installer".`
I find the answer on ROOT forum if you interested, here is the link:
https://root.cern.ch/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=16352.
To install the library, you can write on terminal the follow command line:
sudo apt-get install nameoflibrary
I would like to install boost with specified compilers, such as the gcc-4.9.1 that I have installed in <gcc_49_root>. The current OS is Mac OS X 10.9.4, but I would like this installation process to work on other OS. The documentation of boost is quite opaque about this scenario. What I have tried is as following:
$ ./bootstrap.sh
-n Building Boost.Build engine with toolset darwin...
tools/build/src/engine/bin.macosxx86_64/b2
-n Detecting Python version...
2.7
-n Detecting Python root...
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7
-n Unicode/ICU support for Boost.Regex?...
not found.
Generating Boost.Build configuration in project-config.jam...
Insert using gcc : 4.9.1 : <gcc_49_root>/bin/g++-4.9 : ; into project-config.jam.
$ ./b2 --prefix=<...> toolset=gcc-4.9.1 install
But encountered the errors:
Jamfile</Users/dongli/Shares/works/packman/test/packages/Boost/boost_1_56_0/libs/context/build>.gas64 bin.v2/libs/context/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/address-model-64/architecture-x86/threading-multi/asm/make_x86_64_sysv_macho_gas.o
FATAL:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../libexec/as/x86_64/as: I don't understand '-' flag!
clang: error: no input files
cpp -x assembler-with-cpp "libs/context/src/asm/make_x86_64_sysv_macho_gas.S" | as --64 -o "bin.v2/libs/context/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/address-model-64/architecture-x86/threading-multi/asm/make_x86_64_sysv_macho_gas.o"
...failed Jamfile</Users/dongli/Shares/works/packman/test/packages/Boost/boost_1_56_0/libs/context/build>.gas64 bin.v2/libs/context/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/address-model-64/architecture-x86/threading-multi/asm/make_x86_64_sysv_macho_gas.o...
gcc.link.dll bin.v2/libs/atomic/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/threading-multi/libboost_atomic.dylib
ld: unknown option: -h
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
"/usr/local/opt/gcc/bin/g++-4.9" -o "bin.v2/libs/atomic/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/threading-multi/libboost_atomic.dylib" -Wl,-h -Wl,libboost_atomic.dylib -shared -Wl,--start-group "bin.v2/libs/atomic/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/threading-multi/lockpool.o" -Wl,-Bstatic -Wl,-Bdynamic -Wl,--end-group
...failed gcc.link.dll bin.v2/libs/atomic/build/gcc-4.9.1/release/threading-multi/libboost_atomic.dylib...
What should I do with these errors? Thanks in advance!
Apple's linker ld(ld64) is different from other UNIX/GNU linkers and does not support some options, such as -h(soname), --start-group, --end-group, etc,. Those errors you got("unknown option") were the results of trying to pass non-supported flags to Apple's ld when you specify the gcc toolset.
The way I hacked mine was to first include "darwin" in the project config file:
using gcc : 4.9.1 : <gcc_49_root>/bin/g++-4.9 : <linker-type>darwin ;
Next removing the non-supported flags from {BOOST_DIR}/tools/build/src/tools/gcc.jam, from the long command in the "actions link.dll bind LIBRARIES" block:
remove/comment out this portion:
... $(HAVE_SONAME)-Wl,$(SONAME_OPTION)$(SPACE)-Wl,$(<[-1]:D=) ...
Afterwards the Boost libraries built without errors and worked fine in other gcc4.9 compiled codes.
$ ./bootstrap.sh --with-toolset=gcc
$ ./b2 --toolset=gcc-4.9.1
UPDATE (May 2015): I recently did a new built of gcc 5.1.0 and Boost 1.58.0 on Yosemite (10.10.1). Same fix worked for me.
I am using Mac Yosemite and this worked for me.
Open "tools/build/example/user-config.jam" and change
# Configure gcc (default version).
# using gcc ;
# Configure specific gcc version, giving alternative name to use.
using darwin : 5 : g++-5 ;
Then open "tools/build/src/tools/darwin.jam" then delete below line (this step may not be required. just try both way);
"$(CONFIG_COMMAND)" -dynamiclib -Wl,-single_module -install_name "$(<:B)$(<:S)" -L"$(LINKPATH)" -o "$(<)" "$(>)" "$(LIBRARIES)" -l$(FINDLIBS-SA) -l$(FINDLIBS-ST) $(FRAMEWORK_PATH) -framework$(_)$(FRAMEWORK:D=:S=) $(OPTIONS) $(USER_OPTIONS)
As last step, compile and install
$ ./bootstrap.sh --with-libraries=all --with-toolset=darwin --prefix=/usr/local/boost_for_gcc
$ ./b2
$ ./b2 install
Now you can compile your code like below
$ g++ -o main main.cpp -L/usr/local/boost_for_gcc/lib -I/usr/local/boost_for_gcc/include -lboost_regex
Reference:
http://qiita.com/misho/items/0c0b3ca25bb8f62aa681