I'm learning Python through Codeacademy, and I'm having trouble with their Madlibs exercise. I've viewed the walkthrough after I began having trouble, but I can't see any differences between their code and mode. This is my code:
STORY = "This morning % woke up feeling %. 'It is going to be a % day!' Outside, a bunch of %s were protesting to keep % in stores. They began to % to the rhythm of the %, which made all the %s very %. Concerned, % texted %, who flew % to % and dropped % in a puddle of frozen %. % woke up in the year %, in a world where %s ruled the world."
print "Let the Madlibs begin!"
name = raw_input("Enter a name: ")
print "Please provide three adjectives: "
adj_1 = raw_input("1: ")
adj_2 = raw_input("2: ")
adj_3 = raw_input("3: ")
verb = raw_input("Enter a verb: ")
print "Now, input two nouns:"
noun_1 = raw_input("1: ")
noun_2 = raw_input("2: ")
print "Please provide a word for:"
animal = raw_input("An animal: ")
food = raw_input("A food: ")
fruit = raw_input("A fruit: ")
superhero = raw_input("A superhero: ")
country = raw_input("A country: ")
dessert = raw_input("A dessert: ")
year = raw_input("A year: ")
print STORY % (name, adj_1, adj_2, animal, food, verb, noun_1, noun_2, adj_3, name, superhero, name, country, name, dessert, name, year, noun_2)
When I run the program, I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "Madlibs.py", line 34, in
print STORY % (name, adj_1, adj_2, animal, food, v erb, noun_1, noun_2, adj_3, name, superhero, name, cou ntry, name, dessert, name,
year, noun_2) ValueError: unsupported format character 'w' (0x77) at
index 15
Please help me see what I'm missing. Thank you!
Your format string (STORY) has some invalid placeholders in it. When you're formatting a string, you have to specify what type of data will be put at each placeholder. You do this by putting a letter after the % sign. In this case, since you're always putting in a string, that should be an s. So, STORY should start like this:
STORY = "This morning %s woke up feeling %s. [...]"
There are more details about this syntax in the Python documentation, which explains how to do things like format numbers in a certain way.
(However, it's worth bearing in mind that in modern Python we normally use a newer syntax using str.format(), which looks like this:
STORY = "This morning {name} woke up feeling {adj_1}. [...]"
print STORY.format(name="James", adj_1="terrible")
)
Related
I have 10 different lists, like:
greetings = ["hello", "hi"]
wishes = ["happy bday", "merry Xmas"]
pets = ["dog", "cat"]
I want to have, as output, a standard string with the name of the list + the content of the list (also between brackets). Something like:
"Content of greetings: hello, hi"
"Content of wishes: happy bday, merry Xmas"
"Content of pets: dog, cat"
Is there a way to do it without writing every time the same block of code? Like:
print ("Content of = %s" %(greetings))
print ("Content of = %s" %(wishes))
print ("Content of = %s" %(pets))
I'm learning how to code using Codecademy and I am really stuck on a question, and would love to be pointed in the right direction!
The code for the most part works, I just cannot get it to respond to the .match_reply function correctly. The idea is that the chatbot should identify the regex in self.alienbabble and respond with the appropriate answer. However, it is bugging out with an infinite recursion of all the responses of that function.
# importing regex and random libraries
import re
import random
class AlienBot:
# potential negative responses
negative_responses = ("no", "nope", "nah", "naw", "not a chance", "sorry")
# keywords for exiting the conversation
exit_commands = ("quit", "pause", "exit", "goodbye", "bye", "later")
# random starter questions
random_questions = (
"Why are you here? ",
"Are there many humans like you? ",
"What do you consume for sustenance? ",
"Is there intelligent life on this planet? ",
"Does Earth have a leader? ",
"What planets have you visited? ",
"What technology do you have on this planet? "
)
def __init__(self):
self.alienbabble = {'describe_planet_intent': '.*\s*your planet.*','answer_why_intent': 'why\sare.*', 'cubed_intent': '.*cube.*(\d+)'}
# Define .greet() below:
def greet(self):
self.name = input("Hello. What is your name?")
will_help = input(f"Hi {self.name}, I'm Etcetera. I'm not from this planet. Will you help me learn about your planet? ")
if will_help in self.negative_responses:
print ("Ok, have a nice Earth day!")
return
self.chat()
# Define .make_exit() here:
def make_exit(self, reply):
for word in self.exit_commands:
if word in reply:
print ("Ok, have a nice Earth day!")
return True
# Define .chat() next:
def chat(self):
reply = input(random.choice(self.random_questions)).lower()
while not self.make_exit(reply):
reply = input(self.match_reply(reply))
# Define .match_reply() below:
def match_reply(self, reply):
for key, value in self.alienbabble.items():
intent = key
regex = value
#regex = 'describe_planet_intent'
#reply = input(random.choice(self.random_questions)).lower()
found_match = re.match(regex, reply)
if found_match and intent == 'describe_planet_intent':
return self.describe_planet_intent()
elif found_match and intent == 'answer_why_intent':
return self.answer_why_intent()
elif found_match and intent == 'cubed_intent':
return self.cubed_intent(found_match.groups()[0])
else:
return self.no_match_intent()
# Define .describe_planet_intent():
def describe_planet_intent(self):
responses = ("My planet is a utopia of diverse organisms and species. ", "I am from Opidipus, the capital of the Wayward Galaxies. ")
return random.choice(responses)
# Define .answer_why_intent():
def answer_why_intent(self):
responses = ("I come in peace. ", "I am here to collect data on your planet and its inhabitants. ", "I heard the coffee is good. ")
return random.choice(responses)
# Define .cubed_intent():
def cubed_intent(self, number):
number = int(number)
cubed_number = number * number * number
return (f"The cube of {number} is {cubed_number}. Isn't that cool? ")
# Define .no_match_intent():
def no_match_intent(self):
responses = ("Please tell me more. ", "Tell me more! ", "Why do you say that? ", "I see. Can you elaborate? ", "Interesting. Can you tell me more? ", "I see. How do you think? ", "Why? ", "How do you think I feel when you say that? ")
return random.choice(responses)
# Create an instance of AlienBot below:
my_bot = AlienBot()
my_bot.greet()
I feel like there is a really simple solution to this, I've only been coding for 1 week so this is really new to me, and I appreciate your help :)
The answer is indeed simple. Let's reduce your code to a minimally reproducible one:
def match_reply(self, reply):
for key, value in self.alienbabble.items():
# I omitted the 3 lines that were here - defining 'intent', 'regex_pattern' and 'regex' -
# since at this point they're yet not used
reply = input(self.match_reply(reply)) # oops! self.match_reply is called again!
As you can see, you recursively call self.match_reply without anything to stop it.
EDIT:
There are another 2 things you need to fix:
Let's change match_reply:
a. Let's give it the more appropriate name match_alien_response.
b. Let's make it do what it should: just match a reply. Thus, we don't need it to get another input from the user.
c. Let's make sure it iterates all the keys in alienbabble and doesn't return immediately.
d. We need to use re.findall to get all matches in a string
All these changes give us the following code:
def match_alien_response(self, userReply):
found = False
for intent, regPattern in self.alienbabble.items():
found_match = re.findall(regPattern, userReply)
if found_match and intent == 'describe_planet_intent':
return self.describe_planet_intent()
elif found_match and intent == 'answer_why_intent':
return self.answer_why_intent()
elif found_match and intent == 'cubed_intent':
return self.cubed_intent(found_match[0])
if not found:
return self.no_match_intent()
Inside no_match_intent, it should be responses = instead of responses:
I'm working on LPTHW ex 41, where we modify a bunch of print statements to use a docstring style and then use a runner to print them.
The code originally was like this:
Function()
Print "Several lines of printed material"
Revised, the functions begin:
Function()
"""doc comment"""
A runner connects all the functions ("rooms") like so, with the goal being to print doc comments instead of print commands.
ROOMS = {
'death': death,
'central_corridor': central_corridor,
'laser_weapon_armory': laser_weapon_armory,
'the_bridge': the_bridge,
'escape_pod': escape_pod
}
def runner(map, start):
next = start
while True:
room = map[next]
print "\n----------------"
print room._doc_
next = room()
runner(ROOMS, 'central_corridor')
But I keep getting the error
'function" object has no attribute '_doc_'
Example room:
def central_corridor():
"""You wanna blow thing up.
You running toward place for to get bomb.
Emeny approach!
1 = shoot at enemy
2 = avoid emenemeny
3 = use bad pick up line on emenie
4 = hint"""
#print(_doc_)
action = int(raw_input("> "))
if action == 1:
print "He shoot you first."
return 'death'
elif action == 2:
print "No he still gots you."
return 'death'
elif action == 3:
print "Oh yeah sexy boy."
print "You get past laughing enemy."
return 'laser_weapon_armory'
elif action == 4:
print "Emeny like good joke."
return 'central_corridor'
else:
print "You enter wrong input"
return 'central_corridor'
Can anyone tell me how to get the doc comments to print? Thanks!
Noticed doc needs two underscores. Fixed
_doc_
__doc__
I'm creating a program that takes in the users grade(A-F), health(0-100) and economic output(0-100). I need a while loop for when the user inputs a value wrong e.g A for health. why does the loop keep repeating? how do I do this for the grade as well?
name = raw_input(' Enter your name: ')
grade = raw_input(' Enter your grade: ')
string_two = raw_input(' Enter your economic out put: ')
while string_two not in range (0,100):
print 'please enter a value between 0 and 100.'
string_two = raw_input(' Enter your economic out put: ')
string_one = raw_input(' Enter your health: ')
while string_one not in range (0,100):
print 'please enter a value between 0 and 100.'
string_one = raw_input(' Enter your health: ')
health == int(string_one)
economic_output == int(string_two)
if economic_output > 85:
print name + ' you are exceptional! Welcome aboard!'
elif grade == 'A':
print name + ' you are exceptional! Welcome aboard!'
elif economic_output > 60:
if health > 60:
if grade == 'B' or 'C':
print 'Congatulations ' + name +'!' + ' Come aboard!'
else:
print 'Sorry, ' + name + ' but you dont meet the criteria and cammot be permitted to board. '
The while loop keeps repeating because raw_input always returns a string object, regardless if you typed digits only or something else. string_two not in range (0,100) is always true because a string cannot be in any range of ints.
So what you can do. If I were you, I would define a function which would ask the user to enter something in a while loop until his input satisfies some pattern (just as you are trying to do in your code) and convert it to a specific type if necessary. There is a very useful tool to check a string for matching some pattern, it is called regular expressions (RE).
import re
def inputAndValidate(prompt, pattern, convertFunc=str):
result = raw_input(prompt)
while re.match(pattern, result) is None:
print 'Input pattern is "' + pattern + '". Please enter a string matching to it.'
result = raw_input(prompt)
return convertFunc(result)
Putting a piece of code being used several times to a function is a good practice. So here I defined a function called inputAndValidate with 2 mandatory parameters - a prompt to be displayed for user to let him understand what do you want from him, and the pattern to check his input. The third parameter is optional - it's a function which will be applied to the user input. By default, it's str, a function converting something to a string. User input is already a string, so this function will do nothing, but if we need an int, we'll pass int as the third parameter and get an int from the inputAndValidate function, and so on.
re.match(pattern, string) returns a match object if the string did match the pattern, and None if it didn't. See official re documentation for more information.
Usage of the function
name = inputAndValidate('Enter your name: ', r'.+')
# This pattern means any string except empty one. Thus we ensure user will not enter an empty name.
grade = inputAndValidate('Enter your grade (A-F): ', r'[A-F]')
# This pattern means a string containing only one symbol in the A-F range (in the ASCII table).
economic_output = inputAndValidate('Enter your economic output (0-100): ', r'\d{1,3}', int)
# This pattern means a string containing from one to three digits. `int` passed to the third parameter means the result will be an int.
health = inputAndValidate('Enter your health (0-100): ', r'\d{1,3}', int)
# Same as the previous one.
re module documentation also contains information about the regular expressions language, it can help you understand the patterns I used.
I want to make a program where fraction values can be operated mathematically.
I've made a code but it show me an error.
TypeError: both arguments should be Rational instances.
print "We'll ask you for two fraction values."
print "After taking values from you, we'll use python built in operaters to make it happen."
from fractions import *
value_1_one = raw_input("Please enter 1st value : ")
value_1_two = raw_input("Please enter 1st two value : ")
value_2_one = raw_input("Please enter 2nd one value.")
value_2_two = raw_input("Please enter 2nd two value.")
vaule_1 = Fraction(value_1_one, value_1_two)
value_2 = Fraction(value_2_one, value_2_two)
print "We have %i and %i as values." % (value_one, value_two)
print "What kind of operation you would like to make."
print "Like Add, Sub, Multi, Devide"
op_kind = raw_input(">>>")
if "Add" in op_kind:
print (value_1 + value_2)
elif "Sub" in op_kind:
print (value_1 - value_2)
elif "Multi" in op_kind:
print (value_1 * value_2)
elif "Devide" in op_kind:
print (value_1 / value_2)
else:
print "Ask Mr. Ramanuj for further details."