Undefined references to GLFW / Vulkan although libraries seem to be linked - c++

Question

I'm a C++ beginner with some experience in Java trying to set up a project using GLM, GLFW, and Vulkan on Windows. This is going to be my first time getting my hands dirty in a lower-level language like C++. I'm having a lot of trouble getting the compiler to link the Vulkan and GLFW libraries to my project. I'm following the tutorial here at vulkan-tutorial.org to get started. Here's the code in main.cpp:
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "Vulkan window", nullptr, nullptr);
uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
std::cout << extensionCount << " extensions supported\n";
glm::mat4 matrix;
glm::vec4 vec;
auto test = matrix * vec;
while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
glfwPollEvents();
}
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
Here are the commands being used to compile it:
g++ -std=c++11 -fexceptions -g -IC:/glfw-3.2.1/include -IC:/glm-0.9.9.1/glm -IC:/VulkanSDK/1.1.82.1/Include -IC:/glfw-3.2.1/include -c "src/main.cpp"
g++ -LC:/glfw-3.2.1/lib-mingw-w64 -LC:/VulkanSDK/1.1.82.1/Lib -o VulkanTest.exe main.o -lglfw3 -lvulkan-1
The first command compiles the .cpp into a .o successfully, but the second command gives me errors from the linker. Every single reference I made to a member from Vulkan or GLFW is undefined. (Path has been shortened for easier reading)
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:12: undefined reference to `glfwInit'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:14: undefined reference to `glfwWindowHint'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:15: undefined reference to `glfwCreateWindow'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:18: undefined reference to `vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties#12'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:26: undefined reference to `glfwWindowShouldClose'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `glfwPollEvents'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `glfwDestroyWindow'
[omitted]/src/main.cpp:32: undefined reference to `glfwTerminate'
It seems like the linker can't find the library files I provided with -L and -l, but if I change -lglfw3 to -llibglfw3.a or -lglwf3.dll, I get this:
[omitted]/mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -llibglfw3.a
or
[omitted]/mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lglfw3.dll
Leading me to think that the linker DID find the libraries at first, since it didn't complain about being unable to find the library - but why can't it find sources for the references to GLFW / Vulkan functions? I have no idea what's happening. Is it finding the library files?
I'm using GLFW 3.2.1, Vulkan SDK 1.1.82.1, MingW GCC version 6.3.0, and I'm running on Windows 10 Pro 64-bit.

Answer 1

Turns out my problem was rooted in using an old version of MingW. Originally I downloaded MingW from here, which was recommended by the guide on MingW's wiki. I updated to 8.1.0 from this site and the linker began throwing errors about undefined references to different functions, such as "__imp_CreateDCW" and "__imp_SwapBuffers".
I happened to recognize these as GDI functions from some other research I did. I added GDI32 to the libraries option in the linker and the build went through successfully.
Now my build commands are as follows:
g++ -std=c++11 -fexceptions -g -IC:/glfw-3.2.1/include -IC:/glm-0.9.9.1/glm -IC:/VulkanSDK/1.1.82.1/Include -c "src/main.cpp"
g++ -LC:/glfw-3.2.1/lib-mingw-w64 -LC:/VulkanSDK/1.1.82.1/Lib -o VulkanTest.exe main.o -lglfw3 -lvulkan-1 -lgdi32