I am wondering how to convert comma-delimited values into rows in Redshift. I am afraid that my own solution isn't optimal. Please advise. I have table with one of the columns with coma-separated values. For example:
I have:
user_id|user_name|user_action
-----------------------------
1 | Shone | start,stop,cancell...
I would like to see
user_id|user_name|parsed_action
-------------------------------
1 | Shone | start
1 | Shone | stop
1 | Shone | cancell
....
A slight improvement over the existing answer is to use a second "numbers" table that enumerates all of the possible list lengths and then use a cross join to make the query more compact.
Redshift does not have a straightforward method for creating a numbers table that I am aware of, but we can use a bit of a hack from https://www.periscope.io/blog/generate-series-in-redshift-and-mysql.html to create one using row numbers.
Specifically, if we assume the number of rows in cmd_logs is larger than the maximum number of commas in the user_action column, we can create a numbers table by counting rows. To start, let's assume there are at most 99 commas in the user_action column:
select
(row_number() over (order by true))::int as n
into numbers
from cmd_logs
limit 100;
If we want to get fancy, we can compute the number of commas from the cmd_logs table to create a more precise set of rows in numbers:
select
n::int
into numbers
from
(select
row_number() over (order by true) as n
from cmd_logs)
cross join
(select
max(regexp_count(user_action, '[,]')) as max_num
from cmd_logs)
where
n <= max_num + 1;
Once there is a numbers table, we can do:
select
user_id,
user_name,
split_part(user_action,',',n) as parsed_action
from
cmd_logs
cross join
numbers
where
split_part(user_action,',',n) is not null
and split_part(user_action,',',n) != '';
Another idea is to transform your CSV string into JSON first, followed by JSON extract, along the following lines:
... '["' || replace( user_action, '.', '", "' ) || '"]' AS replaced
... JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY_ELEMENT_TEXT(replaced, numbers.i) AS parsed_action
Where "numbers" is the table from the first answer. The advantage of this approach is the ability to use built-in JSON functionality.
If you know that there are not many actions in your user_action column, you use recursive sub-querying with union all and therefore avoiding the aux numbers table.
But it requires you to know the number of actions for each user, either adjust initial table or make a view or a temporary table for it.
Data preparation
Assuming you have something like this as a table:
create temporary table actions
(
user_id varchar,
user_name varchar,
user_action varchar
);
I'll insert some values in it:
insert into actions
values (1, 'Shone', 'start,stop,cancel'),
(2, 'Gregory', 'find,diagnose,taunt'),
(3, 'Robot', 'kill,destroy');
Here's an additional table with temporary count
create temporary table actions_with_counts
(
id varchar,
name varchar,
num_actions integer,
actions varchar
);
insert into actions_with_counts (
select user_id,
user_name,
regexp_count(user_action, ',') + 1 as num_actions,
user_action
from actions
);
This would be our "input table" and it looks just as you expected
select * from actions_with_counts;
id
name
num_actions
actions
2
Gregory
3
find,diagnose,taunt
3
Robot
2
kill,destroy
1
Shone
3
start,stop,cancel
Again, you can adjust initial table and therefore skipping adding counts as a separate table.
Sub-query to flatten the actions
Here's the unnesting query:
with recursive tmp (user_id, user_name, idx, user_action) as
(
select id,
name,
1 as idx,
split_part(actions, ',', 1) as user_action
from actions_with_counts
union all
select user_id,
user_name,
idx + 1 as idx,
split_part(actions, ',', idx + 1)
from actions_with_counts
join tmp on actions_with_counts.id = tmp.user_id
where idx < num_actions
)
select user_id, user_name, user_action as parsed_action
from tmp
order by user_id;
This will create a new row for each action, and the output would look like this:
user_id
user_name
parsed_action
1
Shone
start
1
Shone
stop
1
Shone
cancel
2
Gregory
find
2
Gregory
diagnose
2
Gregory
taunt
3
Robot
kill
3
Robot
destroy
Here are two ways to achieve this.
In my example, I'm assuming that I am accepting a comma separated list of values. My values look like schema.table.column.
The first involves using a recursive CTE.
drop table if exists #dep_tbl;
create table #dep_tbl as
select 'schema.foobar.insert_ts,schema.baz.load_ts' as dep
;
with recursive tmp (level, dep_split, to_split) as
(
select 1 as level
, split_part(dep, ',', 1) as dep_split
, regexp_count(dep, ',') as to_split
from #dep_tbl
union all
select tmp.level + 1 as level
, split_part(a.dep, ',', tmp.level + 1) as dep_split_u
, tmp.to_split
from #dep_tbl a
inner join tmp on tmp.dep_split is not null
and tmp.level <= tmp.to_split
)
select dep_split from tmp;
the above yields:
|dep_split|
|schema.foobar.insert_ts|
|schema.baz.load_ts|
The second involves a stored procedure.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE so_test(dependencies_csv varchar(max))
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$
DECLARE
dependencies_csv_vals varchar(max);
BEGIN
drop table if exists #dep_holder;
create table #dep_holder
(
avoid varchar(60000)
);
IF dependencies_csv is not null THEN
dependencies_csv_vals:='('||replace(quote_literal(regexp_replace(dependencies_csv,'\\s','')),',', '\'),(\'') ||')';
execute 'insert into #dep_holder values '||dependencies_csv_vals||';';
END IF;
END;
$$
;
call so_test('schema.foobar.insert_ts,schema.baz.load_ts')
select
*
from
#dep_holder;
the above yields:
|dep_split|
|schema.foobar.insert_ts|
|schema.baz.load_ts|
in conclusion
If you only care about one single column in your input (the X delimited values), then I think the stored procedure is easier/faster.
However, if you have other columns you care about and want to keep those columns along with your comma separated value column now transformed to rows, OR, if you want to know the argument (original list of delimited values), I think the stored procedure is the way to go. In that case, you can just add those other columns to your columns selected in the recursive query.
You can get the expected result with the following query. I'm using "UNION ALL" to convert a column to row.
select user_id, user_name, split_part(user_action,',',1) as parsed_action from cmd_logs
union all
select user_id, user_name, split_part(user_action,',',2) as parsed_action from cmd_logs
union all
select user_id, user_name, split_part(user_action,',',3) as parsed_action from cmd_logs
Here's my equally-terrible answer.
I have a users table, and then an events table with a column that is just a comma-delimited string of users at said event. eg
event_id | user_ids
1 | 5,18,25,99,105
In this case, I used the LIKE and wildcard functions to build a new table that represents each event-user edge.
SELECT e.event_id, u.id as user_id
FROM events e
LEFT JOIN users u ON e.user_ids like '%' || u.id || '%'
It's not pretty, but I throw it in a WITH clause so that I don't have to run it more than once per query. I'll likely just build an ETL to create that table every night anyway.
Also, this only works if you have a second table that does have one row per unique possibility. If not, you could do LISTAGG to get a single cell with all your values, export that to a CSV and reupload that as a table to help.
Like I said: a terrible, no-good solution.
Late to the party but I got something working (albeit very slow though)
with nums as (select n::int n
from
(select
row_number() over (order by true) as n
from table_with_enough_rows_to_cover_range)
cross join
(select
max(json_array_length(json_column)) as max_num
from table_with_json_column )
where
n <= max_num + 1)
select *, json_extract_array_element_text(json_column,nums.n-1) parsed_json
from nums, table_with_json_column
where json_extract_array_element_text(json_column,nums.n-1) != ''
and nums.n <= json_array_length(json_column)
Thanks to answer by Bob Baxley for inspiration
Just improvement for the answer above https://stackoverflow.com/a/31998832/1265306
Is generating numbers table using the following SQL
https://discourse.looker.com/t/generating-a-numbers-table-in-mysql-and-redshift/482
SELECT
p0.n
+ p1.n*2
+ p2.n * POWER(2,2)
+ p3.n * POWER(2,3)
+ p4.n * POWER(2,4)
+ p5.n * POWER(2,5)
+ p6.n * POWER(2,6)
+ p7.n * POWER(2,7)
as number
INTO numbers
FROM
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p0,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p1,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p2,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p3,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p4,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p5,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p6,
(SELECT 0 as n UNION SELECT 1) p7
ORDER BY 1
LIMIT 100
"ORDER BY" is there only in case you want paste it without the INTO clause and see the results
create a stored procedure that will parse string dynamically and populatetemp table, select from temp table.
here is the magic code:-
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE public.sp_string_split( "string" character varying )
AS $$
DECLARE
cnt INTEGER := 1;
no_of_parts INTEGER := (select REGEXP_COUNT ( string , ',' ));
sql VARCHAR(MAX) := '';
item character varying := '';
BEGIN
-- Create table
sql := 'CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS split_table (part VARCHAR(255)) ';
RAISE NOTICE 'executing sql %', sql ;
EXECUTE sql;
<<simple_loop_exit_continue>>
LOOP
item = (select split_part("string",',',cnt));
RAISE NOTICE 'item %', item ;
sql := 'INSERT INTO split_table SELECT '''||item||''' ';
EXECUTE sql;
cnt = cnt + 1;
EXIT simple_loop_exit_continue WHEN (cnt >= no_of_parts + 2);
END LOOP;
END ;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Usage example:-
call public.sp_string_split('john,smith,jones');
select *
from split_table
You can try copy command to copy your file into redshift tables
copy table_name from 's3://mybucket/myfolder/my.csv' CREDENTIALS 'aws_access_key_id=my_aws_acc_key;aws_secret_access_key=my_aws_sec_key' delimiter ','
You can use delimiter ',' option.
For more details of copy command options you can visit this page
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_COPY.html
How would I compare two tables (Table1 and Table2) and find all the new entries or changes in Table2.
Using SQL Server I can use
Select * from Table1
Except
Select * from Table2
Here a sample of what I want
Table1
A | 1
B | 2
C | 3
Table2
A | 1
B | 2
C | 2
D | 4
So, if I comparing the two tables I want my results to show me the following
C | 2
D | 4
I tried a few statements with no luck.
Now that I have your actual sample dataset, I can write a query that finds every domain in one table that is not on the other table:
https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/table/inbound-acolyte-377:demo.1024 has 24,729,816 rows. https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/table/inbound-acolyte-377:demo.1025 has 24,732,640 rows.
Let's look at everything in 1025 that is not in 1024:
SELECT a.domain
FROM [inbound-acolyte-377:demo.1025] a
LEFT OUTER JOIN EACH [inbound-acolyte-377:demo.1024] b
ON a.domain = b.domain
WHERE b.domain IS NULL
Result: 39,629 rows.
(8.1s elapsed, 2.04 GB processed)
To get the differences (given that tkey is your unique row identifier):
SELECT a.tkey, a.name, b.name
FROM [your.tableold] a
JOIN EACH [your.tablenew] b
ON a.tkey = b.tkey
WHERE a.name != b.name
LIMIT 100
For the new rows, one way is the one you proposed:
SELECT col1, col2
FROM table2
WHERE col1 NOT IN
(SELECT col1 FROM Table1)
(you'll have to switch to a JOIN EACH when Table1 gets too large)