So Im working on opengl project from learnopengl and I am a beginner in C++ so I have little problem with it. It is a VS2017 project.
I have problem with main.cpp, when I compile it it shows this error:
name followed by '::' must be a class or namespace
it is in (FileSystem::getPath) so when i include filesystem.h in main.cpp it shows another error but in filesystem.h : cannot open
source file "root_directory.h"
so I downloaded root_directory.h from https://github.com/alifradityar/LastOrder same for entry.h. Now I have 10 warnings and 3 errors :-) just this is what happens when one wants to repair one error.
logl_root undeclared identifier from filesystem.h 23 next 'getenv': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using _dupenv_s instead. To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. Every help is welcome.
I know I am only beginner but how am I supposed to learn it without trying to deal with problems ? And I know how stupid this question is :D...
Here if full project in 7z.:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vNTkh9HEcMKvM8Yzm0iCTJtx1d2xqvlR
filesystem.h, root_directory.h and entry.h are in /includes/learnopengl
lib-s and includes are linked in VS.
line: 24 - logl_root undefined 23 - 'getenv': This function or
variable may be unsafe. Consider using _dupenv_s instead. To disable
deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. Every help is welcome.
**filesystem.h**
#ifndef FILESYSTEM_H
#define FILESYSTEM_H
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "root_directory.h" // This is a configuration file generated by CMake.
class FileSystem
{
private:
typedef std::string (*Builder) (const std::string& path);
public:
static std::string getPath(const std::string& path)
{
static std::string(*pathBuilder)(std::string const &) = getPathBuilder();
return (*pathBuilder)(path);
}
private:
static std::string const & getRoot()
{
static char const * envRoot = getenv("LOGL_ROOT_PATH");
static char const * givenRoot = (envRoot != nullptr ? envRoot : logl_root);
static std::string root = (givenRoot != nullptr ? givenRoot : "");
return root;
}
//static std::string(*foo (std::string const &)) getPathBuilder()
static Builder getPathBuilder()
{
if (getRoot() != "")
return &FileSystem::getPathRelativeRoot;
else
return &FileSystem::getPathRelativeBinary;
}
static std::string getPathRelativeRoot(const std::string& path)
{
return getRoot() + std::string("/") + path;
}
static std::string getPathRelativeBinary(const std::string& path)
{
return "../../../" + path;
}
};
// FILESYSTEM_H
#endif
**root_directory.h**
#ifndef __ROOT
#define __ROOT
#include "entry.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
class RootDirectory {
public:
vector <Entry> data;
RootDirectory();
string toString();
void load(string);
};
#endif#ifndef __ROOT
#define __ROOT
#include "entry.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
class RootDirectory {
public:
vector <Entry> data;
RootDirectory();
string toString();
void load(string);
};
#endif
**main.cpp**
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <stb_image.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <learnopengl/shader_m.h>
#include <learnopengl/camera.h>
#include <learnopengl/filesystem.h>
#include <iostream>
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
unsigned int loadTexture(const char *path);
// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
// camera
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
bool firstMouse = true;
// timing
float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;
int main()
{
// glfw: initialize and configure
// ------------------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
// glfw window creation
// --------------------
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
if (window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
// tell GLFW to capture our mouse
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
// ---------------------------------------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// configure global opengl state
// -----------------------------
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// build and compile our shader zprogram
// ------------------------------------
Shader lightingShader("5.4.light_casters.vs", "5.4.light_casters.fs");
Shader lampShader("5.4.lamp.vs", "5.4.lamp.fs");
// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
float vertices[] = {
// positions // normals // texture coords
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
// positions all containers
glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(2.0f, 5.0f, -15.0f),
glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.7f, 3.0f, -7.5f),
glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(1.5f, 2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(1.5f, 0.2f, -1.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.3f, 1.0f, -1.5f)
};
// first, configure the cube's VAO (and VBO)
unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
// second, configure the light's VAO (VBO stays the same; the vertices are the same for the light object which is also a 3D cube)
unsigned int lightVAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
// note that we update the lamp's position attribute's stride to reflect the updated buffer data
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
// load textures (we now use a utility function to keep the code more organized)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture(FileSystem::getPath("resources/textures/container2.png").c_str());
unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture(FileSystem::getPath("resources/textures/container2_specular.png").c_str());
// shader configuration
// --------------------
lightingShader.use();
lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// per-frame time logic
// --------------------
float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
lastFrame = currentFrame;
// input
// -----
processInput(window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
lightingShader.use();
lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", camera.Position);
lightingShader.setVec3("light.direction", camera.Front);
lightingShader.setFloat("light.cutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
lightingShader.setFloat("light.outerCutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(17.5f)));
lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
// light properties
lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
// we configure the diffuse intensity slightly higher; the right lighting conditions differ with each lighting method and environment.
// each environment and lighting type requires some tweaking to get the best out of your environment.
lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("light.constant", 1.0f);
lightingShader.setFloat("light.linear", 0.09f);
lightingShader.setFloat("light.quadratic", 0.032f);
// material properties
lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
// view/projection transformations
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);
// world transformation
glm::mat4 model;
lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
// bind diffuse map
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
// bind specular map
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);
// render containers
glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
// calculate the model matrix for each object and pass it to shader before drawing
glm::mat4 model;
model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
float angle = 20.0f * i;
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
// again, a lamp object is weird when we only have a spot light, don't render the light object
// lampShader.use();
// lampShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
// lampShader.setMat4("view", view);
// model = glm::mat4();
// model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
// model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cube
// lampShader.setMat4("model", model);
// glBindVertexArray(lightVAO);
// glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
// glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
// -------------------------------------------------------
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
if (firstMouse)
{
lastX = xpos;
lastY = ypos;
firstMouse = false;
}
float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
lastX = xpos;
lastY = ypos;
camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}
// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
// utility function for loading a 2D texture from file
// ---------------------------------------------------
unsigned int loadTexture(char const * path)
{
unsigned int textureID;
glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
int width, height, nrComponents;
unsigned char *data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
if (data)
{
GLenum format;
if (nrComponents == 1)
format = GL_RED;
else if (nrComponents == 3)
format = GL_RGB;
else if (nrComponents == 4)
format = GL_RGBA;
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
stbi_image_free(data);
}
else
{
std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
stbi_image_free(data);
}
return textureID;
}
If anyone is still searching for an answer...
// The FileSystem::getPath(...) is part of the GitHub repository so we can find files on any IDE/platform; replace it with your own image path.
I make this an answer instead of a comment (although I probably should be a comment). As you told yourself you want to learn. So instead of telling you a "solution", I'll try to show you the ropes how to properly deal with this kind of problems.
First and foremost, the most important part when dealing with compilation errors is to actually read the error message and then to understand it! Don't jump to conclusions, download arbitrary files from unrelated sources and mash things together! This approach won't work!
Let's break this down. You have a compiler error. It reads like the following:
(…) name followed by '::' must be a class or namespace (…)
Your quote, unfortunately is missing some information, namely in what file at which line the problem occoured. There's a certain logic behind how compilers report errors; older versions of GCC spat out rather arcane error logs, often several pages long; the culprit usually hides somewhere in the very first 5 lines or so of the whole error log. Usually you can safely ignore all the rest.
Anyway, it tells you what is wrong. Namely, that in C++ if you write something like a::b then a must be the name of a class or a namespace (which is exactly what the error tells you). However usually classes and namespaces are pulled in by a header include. If a include directive fails the preprocessor does bail out though, so it's unlikely that this has anything to do with a missing include at all.
But what can happen as well is, that before an include something is not how it should be. Usually a missing semicolon (;). which might cause a class declaration to be mangled up with something else.
So here's what you should do: Carefully reread the compiler log from the beginning. Look at all the warnings and errors on top, then work your way down.
If you get stuck again, edit your question, and if I can help you, I'll append to this answer.
Related
I'm trying to create a toggle to change between ortho and perspective views. I have successfully coded buttons to initiate camera movement but can't figure out how to code a button to perform this change.
How I would toggle the projection modes here?
My code so far:
#include <iostream> // cout, cerr
#include <cstdlib> // EXIT_FAILURE
#include <GL/glew.h> // GLEW library
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h> // GLFW library
// GLM Math Header inclusions
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtx/transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
//Camera class
#include <learnOpengl/camera.h>
using namespace std; // Standard namespace
/*Shader program Macro*/
#ifndef GLSL
#define GLSL(Version, Source) "#version " #Version " core \n" #Source
#endif
// Unnamed namespace
namespace
{
const char* const WINDOW_TITLE = "Milestone 4-5"; // Macro for window title
// Variables for window width and height
const int WINDOW_WIDTH = 800;
const int WINDOW_HEIGHT = 600;
// Stores the GL data relative to a given mesh
struct GLMesh
{
GLuint vao; // Handle for the vertex array object
GLuint vbo; // Handles for the vertex buffer objects
GLuint nVertices; // Number of indices of the mesh
};
// Main GLFW window
GLFWwindow* gWindow = nullptr;
// Triangle mesh data
GLMesh gMesh;
// Shader program
GLuint gProgramId;
// camera
Camera gCamera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float gLastX = WINDOW_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float gLastY = WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
bool gFirstMouse = true;
glm::vec3 gCameraPos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f);
glm::vec3 gCameraFront = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glm::vec3 gCameraUp = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// timing
float gDeltaTime = 0.0f; // time between current frame and last frame
float gLastFrame = 0.0f;
}
/* User-defined Function prototypes to:
* initialize the program, set the window size,
* redraw graphics on the window when resized,
* and render graphics on the screen
*/
bool UInitialize(int, char* [], GLFWwindow** window);
void UResizeWindow(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void UProcessInput(GLFWwindow* window);
void UMousePositionCallback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void UMouseScrollCallback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void UMouseButtonCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int button, int action, int mods);
void UCreateMesh(GLMesh& mesh);
void UDestroyMesh(GLMesh& mesh);
void URender();
bool UCreateShaderProgram(const char* vtxShaderSource, const char* fragShaderSource, GLuint& programId);
void UDestroyShaderProgram(GLuint programId);
/* Vertex Shader Source Code*/
const GLchar* vertexShaderSource = GLSL(440,
layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; // Vertex data from Vertex Attrib Pointer 0
layout(location = 1) in vec4 color; // Color data from Vertex Attrib Pointer 1
out vec4 vertexColor; // variable to transfer color data to the fragment shader
//Global variables for the transform matrices
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f); // transforms vertices to clip coordinates
vertexColor = color; // references incoming color data
}
);
/* Fragment Shader Source Code*/
const GLchar* fragmentShaderSource = GLSL(440,
in vec4 vertexColor; // Variable to hold incoming color data from vertex shader
out vec4 fragmentColor;
void main()
{
fragmentColor = vec4(vertexColor);
}
);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (!UInitialize(argc, argv, &gWindow))
return EXIT_FAILURE;
// Create the mesh
UCreateMesh(gMesh); // Calls the function to create the Vertex Buffer Object
// Create the shader program
if (!UCreateShaderProgram(vertexShaderSource, fragmentShaderSource, gProgramId))
return EXIT_FAILURE;
// Sets the background color of the window to black (it will be implicitly used by glClear)
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(gWindow))
{
// per-frame timing
// --------------------
float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
gDeltaTime = currentFrame - gLastFrame;
gLastFrame = currentFrame;
// input
// -----
UProcessInput(gWindow);
// Render this frame
URender();
glfwPollEvents();
}
// Release mesh data
UDestroyMesh(gMesh);
// Release shader program
UDestroyShaderProgram(gProgramId);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); // Terminates the program successfully
}
// Initialize GLFW, GLEW, and create a window
bool UInitialize(int argc, char* argv[], GLFWwindow** window)
{
// GLFW: initialize and configure
// ------------------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 4);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif
// GLFW: window creation
// ---------------------
* window = glfwCreateWindow(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, WINDOW_TITLE, NULL, NULL);
if (*window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return false;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(*window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(*window, UResizeWindow);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(*window, UMousePositionCallback);
glfwSetScrollCallback(*window, UMouseScrollCallback);
glfwSetMouseButtonCallback(*window, UMouseButtonCallback);
// tell GLFW to capture our mouse
glfwSetInputMode(*window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
// GLEW: initialize
// ----------------
// Note: if using GLEW version 1.13 or earlier
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
GLenum GlewInitResult = glewInit();
if (GLEW_OK != GlewInitResult)
{
std::cerr << glewGetErrorString(GlewInitResult) << std::endl;
return false;
}
// Displays GPU OpenGL version
cout << "INFO: OpenGL Version: " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << endl;
return true;
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
void UProcessInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
static const float cameraSpeed = 2.5f;
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
gCamera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, gDeltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
gCamera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, gDeltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
gCamera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, gDeltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
gCamera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, gDeltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_Q) == GLFW_PRESS)
gCamera.ProcessKeyboard(UP, gDeltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_E) == GLFW_PRESS)
gCamera.ProcessKeyboard(DOWN, gDeltaTime);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
void UResizeWindow(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
// -------------------------------------------------------
void UMousePositionCallback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
if (gFirstMouse)
{
gLastX = xpos;
gLastY = ypos;
gFirstMouse = false;
}
float xoffset = xpos - gLastX;
float yoffset = gLastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
gLastX = xpos;
gLastY = ypos;
gCamera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}
// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void UMouseScrollCallback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
gCamera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset);
}
// glfw: handle mouse button events
// --------------------------------
void UMouseButtonCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int button, int action, int mods)
{
switch (button)
{
case GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT:
{
if (action == GLFW_PRESS)
cout << "Left mouse button pressed" << endl;
else
cout << "Left mouse button released" << endl;
}
break;
case GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_MIDDLE:
{
if (action == GLFW_PRESS)
cout << "Middle mouse button pressed" << endl;
else
cout << "Middle mouse button released" << endl;
}
break;
case GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_RIGHT:
{
if (action == GLFW_PRESS)
cout << "Right mouse button pressed" << endl;
else
cout << "Right mouse button released" << endl;
}
break;
default:
cout << "Unhandled mouse button event" << endl;
break;
}
}
// Functioned called to render a frame
void URender()
{
// Enable z-depth
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// Clear the frame and z buffers
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// 1. Scales the object by 0.5
glm::mat4 scale = glm::scale(glm::vec3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f));
// 2. Rotates shape by 37 degrees
glm::mat4 rotation = glm::rotate(37.0f, glm::vec3(1.0, 0.4f, 1.0f));
// 3. Place object at the origin
glm::mat4 translation = glm::translate(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
// Model matrix: transformations are applied right-to-left order
glm::mat4 model = translation * rotation * scale;
// camera/view transformation
glm::mat4 view = gCamera.GetViewMatrix();
// Creates a perspective projection
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(gCamera.Zoom), (GLfloat)WINDOW_WIDTH / (GLfloat)WINDOW_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
// Set the shader to be used
glUseProgram(gProgramId);
// Retrieves and passes transform matrices to the Shader program
GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(gProgramId, "model");
GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(gProgramId, "view");
GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(gProgramId, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
// Activate the VBOs contained within the mesh's VAO
glBindVertexArray(gMesh.vao);
// Draws the triangles
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, gMesh.nVertices);
// Deactivate the Vertex Array Object
glBindVertexArray(0);
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
glfwSwapBuffers(gWindow); // Flips the the back buffer with the front buffer every frame.
}
// Implements the UCreateMesh function
void UCreateMesh(GLMesh& mesh)
{
// Position and Color data
GLfloat verts[] = {
// Vertex Positions // Colors (r,g,b,a)
2.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top right 0
2.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom right 1
-0.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top left 3
2.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom right 1
-0.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom left 2
-0.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top left 3
2.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 4 back top right
2.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 5 back bot right
-0.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 7 back top left
2.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 5 back bot right
-0.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.5f, 1.0f, // 6 back bot left
-0.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 7 back top left
2.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top right 0
2.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 4 back top right
-0.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 7 back top left
2.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top right 0
-0.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top left 3
-0.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 7 back top left
2.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom right 1
2.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 5 back bot right
-0.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.5f, 1.0f, // 6 back bot left
2.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom right 1
-0.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom left 2
-0.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.5f, 1.0f, // 6 back bot left
-0.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom left 2
-0.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // top left 3
-0.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 7 back top left
-0.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom left 2
-0.8f, 0.2f, -1.0, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.5f, 1.0f, // 6 back bot left
-0.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 7 back top left
2.8f, 2.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // top right 0
2.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom right 1
2.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 4 back top right
2.8f, 0.2f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // bottom right 1
2.8f, 2.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 4 back top right
2.8f, 0.2f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 5 back bot right
1.6f, 1.8f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 8 top of vent pyramid
2.2f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 9 right side of vent pyramid
1.5f, 1.2f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 11 center apex
1.6f, 0.2f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 10 bottom of vent pyramid
2.2f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 9 right side of vent pyramid
1.5f, 1.2f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 11 center apex
1.6f, 0.2f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 10 bottom of vent pyramid
1.1f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 12 left side of vent pyramid
1.5f, 1.2f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 11 center apex
1.1f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // 12 left side of vent pyramid
1.5f, 1.2f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 11 center apex
1.6f, 1.8f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // 8 top of vent pyramid
-4.0f, 4.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f,
4.0f, 4.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f,
-4.0f, -4.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f,
4.0f, 4.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f,
4.0f, -4.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f,
-4.0f, -4.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f,
};
const GLuint floatsPerVertex = 3;
const GLuint floatsPerColor = 4;
mesh.nVertices = sizeof(verts) / (sizeof(verts[0]) * (floatsPerVertex + floatsPerColor));
glGenVertexArrays(1, &mesh.vao); // we can also generate multiple VAOs or buffers at the same time
glBindVertexArray(mesh.vao);
// Create VBO
glGenBuffers(1, &mesh.vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh.vbo); // Activates the buffer
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(verts), verts, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // Sends vertex or coordinate data to the GPU
// Strides between vertex coordinates
GLint stride = sizeof(float) * (floatsPerVertex + floatsPerColor);
// Create Vertex Attribute Pointers
glVertexAttribPointer(0, floatsPerVertex, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, stride, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, floatsPerColor, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, stride, (char*)(sizeof(float) * floatsPerVertex));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
}
void UDestroyMesh(GLMesh& mesh)
{
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &mesh.vao);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &mesh.vbo);
}
// Implements the UCreateShaders function
bool UCreateShaderProgram(const char* vtxShaderSource, const char* fragShaderSource, GLuint& programId)
{
// Compilation and linkage error reporting
int success = 0;
char infoLog[512];
// Create a Shader program object.
programId = glCreateProgram();
// Create the vertex and fragment shader objects
GLuint vertexShaderId = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
GLuint fragmentShaderId = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
// Retrive the shader source
glShaderSource(vertexShaderId, 1, &vtxShaderSource, NULL);
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderId, 1, &fragShaderSource, NULL);
// Compile the vertex shader, and print compilation errors (if any)
glCompileShader(vertexShaderId); // compile the vertex shader
// check for shader compile errors
glGetShaderiv(vertexShaderId, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShaderId, 512, NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
return false;
}
// compile the fragment shader
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderId);
// check for shader compile errors
glGetShaderiv(fragmentShaderId, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShaderId, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
return false;
}
// Attached compiled shaders to the shader program
glAttachShader(programId, vertexShaderId);
glAttachShader(programId, fragmentShaderId);
glLinkProgram(programId); // links the shader program
// check for linking errors
glGetProgramiv(programId, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
if (!success)
{
glGetProgramInfoLog(programId, sizeof(infoLog), NULL, infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
return false;
}
glUseProgram(programId); // Uses the shader program
return true;
}
void UDestroyShaderProgram(GLuint programId)
{
glDeleteProgram(programId);
}
Simply change your
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(gCamera.Zoom), (GLfloat)WINDOW_WIDTH / (GLfloat)WINDOW_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
to use glm::ortho depending on your game state.
You'll likely have to tinker a bit with the view projection as well.
I have a problem. I'm working on a OpenGL project and I need to access a class variable by the class method. I got it done, but then changed some code and now it's not working and i cannot get it done. It's all about Yaw and Pitch variables. If i change them in their class method (e.g. ProccesMouseInput) they don't change their values, but I had already tried it in main function and then they do... Here's my code.
Camera.h
#pragma once
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
enum class movement_direction{
FORWARD,
BACKWARD,
LEFT,
RIGHT,
UP,
DOWN
};
class Camera {
private:
glm::vec3 m_Position;
glm::vec3 m_Front;
glm::vec3 m_Up;
glm::vec3 m_Right;
glm::vec3 m_WorldUp;
float m_MouseSensitivity;
float MovementSpeed = 2.5f;
float MouseSensitivity = 0.1f;
float FOV = 45.0f;
float Yaw;
float Pitch;
public:
Camera(glm::vec3 pos, glm::vec3 up, float yaw, float pitch);
Camera(float PosX, float PosY, float PosZ, float UpX, float UpY, float UpZ, float yaw, float pitch);
void ProcessMouseInput(float offsetX, float offsetY, bool constrainPitch);
void ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction direction, float deltaTime);
void ProcessScrollInput(float offsetX, float offsetY);
void UpdateCameraVectors();
glm::mat4 GetViewMatrix();
};
Camera.cpp
#include "Camera.h"
#include <iostream>
Camera::Camera(glm::vec3 pos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3 up = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), float yaw = -90.0f, float pitch = 0.0f)
: m_Position(pos), m_Up(up), m_WorldUp(up), Yaw(yaw), Pitch(pitch), m_MouseSensitivity(MouseSensitivity)
{
UpdateCameraVectors();
}
Camera::Camera(float PosX, float PosY, float PosZ, float UpX, float UpY, float UpZ, float yaw, float pitch)
: m_Position(glm::vec3(PosX, PosY, PosZ)), m_Up(glm::vec3(UpX, UpY, UpZ)), m_WorldUp(glm::vec3(UpX, UpY, UpZ)), Yaw(yaw), Pitch(pitch), m_MouseSensitivity(MouseSensitivity)
{
UpdateCameraVectors();
}
void Camera::ProcessMouseInput(float offsetX, float offsetY, bool constrainPitch = true)
{
Yaw += offsetX * m_MouseSensitivity;
Pitch += offsetY * m_MouseSensitivity;
if (constrainPitch)
{
if (Pitch < -89.0f)
Pitch = -89.0f;
if (Pitch > 89.0f)
Pitch = 89.0f;
}
UpdateCameraVectors();
}
void Camera::ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction direction, float deltaTime)
{
float velocity = MovementSpeed * deltaTime;
if (direction == movement_direction::FORWARD)
m_Position += m_Front * velocity;
if (direction == movement_direction::BACKWARD)
m_Position -= m_Front * velocity;
if (direction == movement_direction::LEFT)
m_Position -= m_Right * velocity;
if (direction == movement_direction::RIGHT)
m_Position += m_Right * velocity;
if (direction == movement_direction::UP)
m_Position += m_WorldUp * velocity;
if (direction == movement_direction::DOWN)
m_Position -= m_WorldUp * velocity;
}
void Camera::ProcessScrollInput(float offsetX, float offsetY)
{
}
void Camera::UpdateCameraVectors()
{
glm::vec3 direction;
direction.x = cos(glm::radians(Yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(Pitch));
direction.y = sin(glm::radians(Pitch));
direction.z = sin(glm::radians(Yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(Pitch));
m_Front = glm::normalize(direction);
m_Right = glm::normalize(glm::cross(m_Front, m_WorldUp));
m_Up = glm::normalize(glm::cross(m_Right, m_Front));
}
glm::mat4 Camera::GetViewMatrix()
{
return glm::lookAt(m_Position, m_Position + m_Front, m_Up);
}
Application.cpp
/* Including GLEW */
#include <GL/glew.h>
/* Including GLFW */
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "vendor/stb_image/stb_image.h"
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <conio.h>
#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double offsetX, double offsetY);
const int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float currentFrame = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2;
bool firstMouse = true;
float fov = 45.0f;
Camera main_camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -3.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), -90.0f, 0.0f);
int main(void)
{
GLFWwindow* window;
/* Initializing the library */
if (!glfwInit())
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLFW.\n";
return -1;
}
/* Creating a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
if (!window)
{
std::cout << "Failed to open GLFW window.\n";
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
/* Making the window's context current */
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW\n";
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
/* Getting the version of GL */
std::cout << "Using GL Version: " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;
float vertices[] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
glm::vec3 cubes_positions[]{
glm::vec3( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3( 2.0f, 5.0f, -15.0f),
glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
glm::vec3( 2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.7f, 3.0f, -7.5f),
glm::vec3( 1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3( 1.5f, 2.0f, -2.5f),
glm::vec3( 1.5f, 0.2f, -1.5f),
glm::vec3(-1.3f, 1.0f, -1.5f)
};
/* VERTEX ARRAY */
unsigned int VAO;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
/* VERTEX BUFFER */
unsigned int VBO;
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
/* VERTEX LAYOUT */
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
/* LOADING TEXTURES */
// --- first texture object ---
unsigned int texture1;
glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
float borderColor1[]{
0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
glTexParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, borderColor1);
int width, height, channelsNr;
unsigned char* data = stbi_load("res/textures/container.jpg", &width, &height, &channelsNr, 0);
if (data)
{
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
}
else
{
std::cout << "Failed to load texture\n";
}
stbi_image_free(data);
// --- second texture object ---
unsigned int texture2;
glGenTextures(1, &texture2);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
float borderColor2[]{
0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
glTexParameterfv(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, borderColor2);
stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(true);
data = stbi_load("res/textures/awesomeface.png", &width, &height, &channelsNr, 0);
if (data)
{
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
}
else
{
std::cout << "Failed to load texture\n";
}
stbi_image_free(data);
/* BINDING BEFORE THE DRAW CALL */
// --- shader ---
Shader basic("res/shaders/Basic.glsl");
basic.Bind();
basic.SetUniform1i("texture1", 0);
basic.SetUniform1i("texture2", 1);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// --- texture ---
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
// --- vertex array object ---
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
float value = 0.5f;
basic.SetUniform1f("mix_value", 0.2f);
/* Loop until the user closes the window */
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
currentFrame = (float)glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
lastFrame = currentFrame;
processInput(window);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glClearColor(0.f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.f);
/* Render here */
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
basic.SetUniformMatrix4fv("proj", 1, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glm::mat4 view = main_camera.GetViewMatrix();
basic.SetUniformMatrix4fv("view", 1, glm::value_ptr(view));
for (int i = 0; i < (sizeof(cubes_positions) / sizeof(glm::vec3)); i++)
{
float angle = 20.0f * i;
glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
model = glm::translate(model, cubes_positions[i]);
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
basic.SetUniformMatrix4fv("model", 1, glm::value_ptr(model));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
}
/* Swap front and back buffers */
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
/* Poll for and process events */
glfwPollEvents();
}
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
main_camera.ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction::FORWARD, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
main_camera.ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction::BACKWARD, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
main_camera.ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction::LEFT, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
main_camera.ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction::RIGHT, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_SPACE) == GLFW_PRESS)
main_camera.ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction::UP, deltaTime);
if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_LEFT_CONTROL) == GLFW_PRESS)
main_camera.ProcessKeyboardInput(movement_direction::DOWN, deltaTime);
}
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
if (firstMouse)
{
lastX = (float)xpos;
lastY = (float)ypos;
firstMouse = false;
}
float offsetX = (float)xpos - lastX;
float offsetY = lastY - (float)ypos;
lastX = (float)xpos;
lastY = (float)ypos;
main_camera.ProcessMouseInput(offsetX, offsetY, true);
}
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double offsetX, double offsetY)
{
fov -= (float)offsetY;
if (fov < 1.0f)
fov = 1.0f;
if (fov > 90.0f)
fov = 90.0f;
}
I finally fixed it! It was something to do with multiplication of offsetX and offsetY by m_MouseSensitivity. For some reason it wasn't initializing right and thus was assigned to 0. By multiplying by zero you get zero so Yaw and Pitch didn't change. Thank you for the help <3
I think am missing something when drawing the textured pyramid. I can't get it to work properly since I am not good with 3d modern OpenGL. Somehow, I managed to draw a cube but seems am going wrong with the pyramid. I want the four sides to have 0.5(top), 0.0(left), 1,0 (right). and the bottom to be 0,1 (top left), 1,1 (top right), 0,0 (bottom left) and 1,0 (bottom right). I need these coordinates since am only getting flunky images with my coordinate. Any help would be appreciated.
here is my code with the vertices of a cube that I had created earlier and was running well.
/*Header Inclusions*/
#include <iostream>
#include <GL/Glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
// GLM Math inclusions
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include<glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
//include soil
#include "SOIL2/SOIL2.h"
using namespace std; // Uses the standard namespace
#define WINDOW_TITLE "Modern OpenGL" // Macro for window title
//Vertex and fragment shader
#ifndef GLSL
#define GLSL(Version, source) "#version " #Version "\n" #source
#endif
// Variables for window width and height
GLint ShaderProgram, WindowWidth = 800, WindowHeight = 600;
GLuint VBO, VAO, texture;
GLfloat degrees = glm::radians(-45.0f);
/* User-defined Function prototypes to:*/
void UResizeWindow(int,int);
void URenderGraphics(void);
void UCreateShader(void);
void UCreateBuffers(void);
void UGenerateTexture(void);
/*Vertex shader source code*/
const GLchar * vertexShaderSource = GLSL(330,
layout(location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout(location = 2) in vec2 textureCoordinate;
out vec2 mobileTextureCoordinate; //declare a vec 4 variable
//Global variables for the transform matrices
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main(){
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f);//transform vertices
mobileTextureCoordinate = vec2(textureCoordinate.x, 1.0f - textureCoordinate.y);
}
);
/*Fragment shader program source code*/
const GLchar * fragmentShaderSource = GLSL(330,
in vec2 mobileTextureCoordinate;
out vec4 gpuTexture;//out vertex_Color;
uniform sampler2D uTexture;
void main(){
gpuTexture = texture(uTexture, mobileTextureCoordinate);
}
);
//main program
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE);
glutReshapeFunc(UResizeWindow);
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
if (glewInit()!= GLEW_OK)
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
UCreateShader();
UCreateBuffers();
UGenerateTexture();
// Use the Shader program
glUseProgram(ShaderProgram);
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set background color
glutDisplayFunc(URenderGraphics);
glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION);
glutMainLoop();
// Destroys Buffer objects once used
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
return 0;
}
/* Resizes the window*/
void UResizeWindow(int w, int h)
{
WindowWidth = w;
WindowHeight = h;
glViewport(0, 0, WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
}
/* Renders graphics */
void URenderGraphics(void)
{
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable z-depth
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clears the screen
glBindVertexArray(VAO); // Activate the Vertex Array Object before rendering and transforming them
// Transforms the object
glm::mat4 model;
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0f, 0.0f)); // Place the object at the center of the 7i,p9rA
model = glm::rotate(model, degrees, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f)); // Rotate the object 45 degrees on the XYZ
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f)); // Increase the object size by a scale of 2
// Transforms the camera
glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::translate(view, glm::vec3(0.0f,0.0f,-5.0f)); //Moves the world 0.5 units on X and -5 units in Z
// Creates a perspective projection
glm::mat4 projection;
projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)WindowWidth / (GLfloat)WindowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
// Retrieves and passes transform matrices to the Shader program
GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "model");
GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "view");
GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(ShaderProgram, "projection");
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
glutPostRedisplay();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
// Draws the triangles
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0, 36);
glBindVertexArray(0); // Deactivate the Vertex Array Object
glutSwapBuffers(); // Flips the the back buffer with the front buffer every frame. Similar to GL FLush
}
/*Creates the Shader program*/
void UCreateShader()
{
// Vertex shader
GLint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); // Creates the Vertex Shader
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL); // Attaches the Vertex Shader to the source code
glCompileShader(vertexShader); // Compiles the Vertex Shader
// Fragment Shader
GLint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); // Creates the Fragment Shader
glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);// Attaches the Fragment Shader to the source code
glCompileShader(fragmentShader); // Compiles the Fragment Shader
// Shader program
ShaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); // Creates the Shader program and returns an id
glAttachShader(ShaderProgram, vertexShader); // Attach Vertex Shader to the Shader program
glAttachShader(ShaderProgram, fragmentShader);; // Attach Fragment Shader to the Shader program
glLinkProgram(ShaderProgram); //Link Vertex and Fragment shader, to Shader program
// Delete the Vertex and Fragment shaders once linked
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
}
/*creates the buffer and array object*/
void UCreateBuffers()
{
//position and color data
GLfloat vertices[] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
//Generate buffer id,
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glGenBuffers(1,&VBO);
// Activate the Vertex Array Object before binding and setting any VB0s and Vertex Attribute Pointers.
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
// Activate the VBO
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Copy vertices to VBO
// Set attribute pointer 0 to hold Position data
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // Enables vertex attribute
// Set attribute pointer 2 to hold Color data
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2); // Enables vertex attribute
glBindVertexArray(0); // Deactivates the VAC, which is good practice
}
/*Generate and load the texture*/
void UGenerateTexture(){
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
int width,height;
unsigned char* image = SOIL_load_image("snhu.jpg", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
}
I recommend to define a structure type for the attribute tuples:
struct TAttributeTuple
{
glm::vec3 v;
glm::vec2 uv;
};
Define the 5 corner points of the pyramid:
(Your explanation of the points is a bit unclear, so I am not sure if the points are according to your specification. Possibly you've modify them.)
glm::vec3 top( 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f );
glm::vec3 p01( -0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
glm::vec3 p11( 1.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
glm::vec3 p00( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
glm::vec3 p10( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
Setup the array of vertex attributes:
TAttributeTuple vertices[]
{
{ p00, glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p10, glm::vec2(1.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p11, glm::vec2(1.0f, 1.0f) },
{ p00, glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p11, glm::vec2(1.0f, 1.0f) },
{ p01, glm::vec2(0.0f, 1.0f) },
{ p00, glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p10, glm::vec2(1.0f, 0.0f) },
{ top, glm::vec2(0.5f, 1.0f) },
{ p10, glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p11, glm::vec2(1.0f, 0.0f) },
{ top, glm::vec2(0.5f, 1.0f) },
{ p11, glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p01, glm::vec2(1.0f, 0.0f) },
{ top, glm::vec2(0.5f, 1.0f) },
{ p01, glm::vec2(0.0f, 0.0f) },
{ p00, glm::vec2(1.0f, 0.0f) },
{ top, glm::vec2(0.5f, 1.0f) }
};
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I have been trying to fix this for days, but haven't come anywhere other then replacing sfml with glfw.
I tried using sfml first with OpenGL, but it didn't draw. That's why I tried using glfw instead.
There is no errors from the glsl files nor the main.cpp file.
This code (but less modified, because of replacing sfml with glfw) actually works on my other Windows PC.
Now I'm using Linux because my other PC needs a motherboard replacement.
Changing the color of the "background" works with glClearColor but drawing doesn't.
This program is supposed to have a cube that rotates and have textures.
I'm actually learning OpenGL atm.
I compiled and ran the program within the terminal instead of codeblocks.
Not that it would really help but just giving out the info.
Thank you for any help :)
main file
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <chrono>
#include <SOIL.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
void bindBufferData(GLfloat* vertices, GLuint& vbo);
GLuint createShaderProgam(const GLchar* vertexShaderText, const
GLchar* fragmentShaderText);
std::string loadFileContent(const std::string filepath);
static void glfwerror(int id, const char* description);
int main()
{
int width = 600, height = 600;
if(!glfwInit())
{
std::cout << "Initialization failed" << std::endl;
}
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 5);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_DEPTH_BITS, 24);
glfwSetErrorCallback(&glfwerror);
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, "OpenGL",
NULL, NULL);
if(!window)
{
glfwTerminate();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSwapInterval(1);
glewExperimental = true;
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
{
std::cout << "failed to initialize: " <<
glewGetErrorString(glewInit()) << std::endl;
}
std::cout << "OpenGL ver: " << glGetString(GL_VERSION) <<
std::endl;
std::cout << "GLSL ver: " <<
glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION) << std::endl;
float vertices[] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
std::string vertexShaderText =
loadFileContent("shader.vert.glsl");
std::string fragmentShaderText =
loadFileContent("shader.frag.glsl");
GLuint shaderProgram =
createShaderProgam(vertexShaderText.c_str(),
fragmentShaderText.c_str());
glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
GLuint ebo;
GLuint vbo;
GLuint vao;
GLuint tex;
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glGenBuffers(1, &ebo);
GLuint elements[]{
0, 1, 2,
2, 3, 0
};
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ebo);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(elements), elements,
GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
glGenVertexArrays(0, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8*sizeof(float),
(GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8*sizeof(float),
(GLvoid*)(3*sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
GLint texAttrib = glGetAttribLocation(shaderProgram, "texcoord");
glEnableVertexAttribArray(texAttrib);
glVertexAttribPointer(texAttrib, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 *
sizeof(float), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
glGenTextures(1, &tex);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
int S_width, S_height;
unsigned char* image = SOIL_load_image("unity_preview_02-.jpeg",
&S_width, &S_height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, S_width, S_height, 0,
GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,
GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,
GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glm::mat4 view = glm::lookAt(
glm::vec3(2.2f, 2.2f, 1.5f),
glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)
);
GLint uniView = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "view");
glUniformMatrix4fv(uniView, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glm::mat4 proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), 800.0f /
600.0f, 1.0f, 20.0f);
GLuint uniProj = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "proj");
glUniformMatrix4fv(uniProj, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(proj));
glm::mat4 transf = glm::mat4(1.0f);
GLint unitransf = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "transf");
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glm::vec4 resultRot = transf * glm::vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
printf("%f, %f, %f\n", resultRot.x, resultRot.y, resultRot.z);
auto t_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
GLfloat angle = -60.0f;
GLfloat speed = 0.0f;
GLfloat y = 0.5f;
GLfloat x = 0.5f;
GLfloat z = 1.5f;
while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glLoadIdentity();
glClearColor(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.7f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//Setup view
float Ratio;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
Ratio = width / (float)height;
glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
auto t_now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
float time =
std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<float>>(t_now
- t_start).count();
t_start = t_now;
transf = glm::rotate(transf, time * glm::radians(angle),
glm::vec3(x, y, z));
glUniformMatrix4fv(unitransf, 1, GL_FALSE,
glm::value_ptr(transf));
z += 10 * time;
x += 5 * time;
y -= 5 * time;
//std::cout << x << ", " << y << ", " << z << std::endl;
glColor4f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
//swap buffer and check for events
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
//sf::sleep(sf::milliseconds(2));
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate();
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static void glfwerror(int id, const char* description)
{
std::cout << description << std::endl;
}
void bindBufferData(GLfloat* vertices, GLuint& vbo)
{
glGenBuffers(1, &vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
}
GLuint createShaderProgam(const GLchar* vertexShaderText, const
GLchar* fragmentShaderText)
{
GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
GLuint shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderText, nullptr);
glCompileShader(vertexShader);
GLint succes;
GLchar infoLog[512];
glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &succes);
if(!succes)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
std::cout << "failed to compile vertex shader: " << infoLog <<
std::endl;
}
glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderText, nullptr);
glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &succes);
if (!succes)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
std::cout << "failed to compile fragment shader: " << infoLog
<< std::endl;
}
glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &succes);
if(!succes)
{
glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
std::cout << "failed to link program: " << infoLog <<
std::endl;
}
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
return shaderProgram;
}
std::string loadFileContent(const std::string filepath)
{
std::ifstream file(filepath);
std::stringstream sstream;
if(!file.is_open())
{
std::cout << "could not find file: " << filepath << std::endl;
}
sstream << file.rdbuf();
return sstream.str();
}
fragment shader
#version 450 core
in vec3 vertexColor;
in vec2 Texcoord;
out vec4 outcolor;
uniform sampler2D tex;
void main()
{
outcolor = texture(tex, Texcoord) * vec4(vertexColor, 1.0);
}
vertex shader
#version 450 core
layout (location = 0)
in vec3 pos;
layout (location = 1)
in vec3 col;
in vec2 texcoord;
out vec3 vertexColor;
out vec2 Texcoord;
uniform mat4 transf;
uniform mat4 proj;
uniform mat4 view;
void main()
{
Texcoord = texcoord;
vertexColor = col;
gl_Position = proj * view * transf * vec4(pos, 1.0);
}
typing glxinfo | grep 'version' in Linux terminal
Output:
server glx version string: 1.4
client glx version string: 1.4
GLX version: 1.4
Max core profile version: 4.
Max compat profile version: 3.0
Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.1
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 17.2.4
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 17.2.4
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.1 Mesa 17.2.4
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES
3.10
Ubuntu version
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
Your code shouldn't really work on a conforming GL implementation. Adding glGetError() as #HolyBlackCat sugggested will result in a couple of errors, for example, you are using deprecated GL calls like glEnableClientState(), glLoadIdentity(), and so on - which all are not available in a core profile.
Actually I would not recommend adding glGetError() calls. Since you use GL 4.5, you can directly use a debug context. You will get human-readbale text messages for every error that occurs (and some more or less helpful hints beyond that).
One of the main issues I'm seeing in your code is this one:
glGenVertexArrays(0, &vao);
You are actually rendering without VAOs - which are mandatory in core profiles. Asking the GL to create zero VAOs won't get you anything, and then just binding some uninitialized variable as VAO isn't a good idea either.
I have an issue updating the old matrix with the new one, as I am transitioning from WebGL to OpenGL, it started to get daunting when I wanted to translate the object with keys actions, the issue is that when I want to do the new translation, the new matrix should be updated and the data supplied to the vertex shader(uniform u_matrix) should be changed too, but it doesn't.
To showcase the problem, I made it simpler, I'm drawing once with a translation matrix and after sleep(2), I'm drawing once again but with a different translation matrix and sleep another 2 seconds to see the result, the problem is that the matrix is not updated at all at the second phase and there is no change at all.
The matC.translate(nb1, nb2, nb2) works well by returning a pointer to the first value of 16' value 1D array stored on stack.
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "./../Matrix/main.cpp";
using namespace std;
GLuint prog_hdlr;
GLint a_position;
const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 1024;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = 1024;
// float * translation = matC.translation(0.2, 0, 0);
// float * rotationX;
// float * rotationY;
// float * rotationZ;
// float translate = 0.01;
// float * tab4 = matC.multiplyMatrices(tab1, tab2);
static unsigned int CompileShader(unsigned int type, const string& source) {
unsigned int id = glCreateShader(type);
cout << source.c_str() << endl;
const char * src = source.c_str();
glShaderSource(id, 1, &src, NULL);
glCompileShader(id);
int result;
glGetShaderiv(id, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &result);
if(result == GL_FALSE) {
std::cout << "failed to compile shader" << std::endl;
GLint maxLength = 0;
glGetShaderiv(id, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &maxLength);
vector<GLchar> errorLog(maxLength);
glGetShaderInfoLog(id, maxLength, &maxLength, &errorLog[0]);
int iter;
for (vector<GLchar>::const_iterator iter = errorLog.begin(); iter != errorLog.end(); ++iter)
cout << *iter;
glDeleteShader(id);
}
return id;
}
static int CreateProgram(const string& vertexShader, const string& fragmentShader) {
unsigned int program = glCreateProgram();
unsigned int vs = CompileShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShader);
unsigned int fs = CompileShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShader);
glAttachShader(program, vs);
glAttachShader(program, fs);
glLinkProgram(program);
glValidateProgram(program);
glDetachShader(program,vs);
glDetachShader(program,fs);
glDeleteShader(vs);
glDeleteShader(fs);
return program;
}
void input(GLFWwindow * window, int key, int action, int u, int i) {
// switch(key) {
// case GLFW_KEY_W : {
// translate += 0.1;
// translation = matC.translation(translate, 0, 0);
// };
// case GLFW_KEY_A : {
// };
// case GLFW_KEY_S : {
// translate -= 0.1;
// translation = matC.translation(translate, 0, 0);
// };
// case GLFW_KEY_D : {
// };
// };
}
int main(int argc, char * argv) {
glutInit(&argc, &argv);
GLFWwindow * window;
cout << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << endl;
if(!glfwInit())
return -1;
window = glfwCreateWindow(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, "Triangle rendering", NULL, NULL);
if(!window) {
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
if(glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
std::cout << "error..!!" << std::endl;
}
float positions[108] = {
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f
};
float colors[108] = {
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
};
string vertexShader = R"(
#version 130
attribute vec4 a_position;
attribute vec3 a_color;
varying vec3 v_color;
uniform mat4 u_matrix;
void main() {
mat4 a_matrix;
a_matrix = mat4(1.0f);
vec4 pos = u_matrix*a_position;
gl_Position = vec4(pos.xyz, 1.0);
v_color = a_color;
}
)";
string fragmentShader = R"(
#version 130
varying vec3 v_color;
void main() {
gl_FragColor = vec4(v_color, 1.0);
}
)";
unsigned int program = CreateProgram(vertexShader, fragmentShader);
glUseProgram(program);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
GLint attributePositionLocation = glGetAttribLocation(program, "a_position");
GLint uniformMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(program, "u_matrix");
GLint attributeColorLocation = glGetAttribLocation(program, "a_color");
unsigned int buffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &buffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 108*sizeof(float), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(attributePositionLocation);
glVertexAttribPointer(attributePositionLocation, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL);
unsigned int bufferColor;
glGenBuffers(1, &bufferColor);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferColor);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 108*sizeof(float), colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(attributeColorLocation);
glVertexAttribPointer(attributeColorLocation, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL);
glfwSetKeyCallback(window, input);
// while(!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
// glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// glUniformMatrix4fv(uniformMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, translation);
// glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
// glfwSwapBuffers(window);
// glfwPollEvents();
// }
Matrix matC = Matrix();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glUniformMatrix4fv(uniformMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, matC.translation(0.5, 0.5, 0));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
sleep(2);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glUniformMatrix4fv(uniformMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, matC.translation(-0.5, -0.5, 0));
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
sleep(2);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
In WebGL it works perfectly:
function drawScene(gl) {
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(whateverMatrixLocation, false, whateverMatrix);
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, whateverNumber);
requestAnimationFrame(drawScene.bind(this, gl));
}
What I am doing wrong? I'm using GLSL version 1.3...?
EDIT:
class Matrix {
public:
Matrix() {};
static float * translation(float x, float y, float z) {
static float tab[16] = {
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0,
x, y, z, 1
};
return tab;
}
}
The static initializer only runs once, not each time through the function. You can switch to std::array & assign new values each time through:
class Matrix
{
public:
float* translation( float x, float y, float z )
{
static std::array< float, 16 > tab;
tab =
{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0,
x, y, z, 1
};
return tab.data();
}
};
Or use GLM :)