I am just start to learn python, and want to decode the url info into japanese word.
>>> s1 = '\u4e2d\u99ac\u8fbc\u30cf\u30a4\u30c4'
>>> print s1
\u4e2d\u99ac\u8fbc\u30cf\u30a4\u30c4
>>> print u'\u4e2d\u99ac\u8fbc\u30cf\u30a4\u30c4'
中馬込ハイツ
I think it is a really basic problem, and I have search for utf-16, but it didn't work out. How can I print s1 and get the japanese words?
UPDATE: An even better way:
import codecs
s1 = '\u4e2d\u99ac\u8fbc\u30cf\u30a4\u30c4'
print (codecs.decode(s1,'unicode-escape'))
(from here)
Original answer:
What about adding u before your string? like this:
s1 = u'\u4e2d\u99ac\u8fbc\u30cf\u30a4\u30c4'
print s1
if you already have the string, like on your question, I would do this:
s1 = '\u4e2d\u99ac\u8fbc\u30cf\u30a4\u30c4'
string = eval ("u'"+s1+"'")
print (string)
# or you can do this:
print (eval ("u'"+s1+"'"))
There might be a better way, but this works.
Note that some terminals won't display unicode characters like this. It works for me under Ubuntu, but not under Windows 10.
try:
print(eval ("u'"+s1+"'"))
except:
print(eval(s1))
Will work for sure, I was stuck in similar issue
Please do vote if it works..
Related
How to convert formal Unicode notation like 'U+1F600' into something like this: '\U0001F600', which I saw represented as 'Python Src' at websites online?
My end-goal is to use Unicode for emojis in Python(2.x) and I am able to achieve it in this way:
unicode_string = '\U0001F600'
unicode_string.decode('unicode-escape')
I would appreciate if you could mention the different character sets involved in the above problem.
The simplest way to do it is to just treat the notation as a string:
>>> s = 'U+1F600'
>>> s[2:] # chop off the U+
'1F600'
>>> s[2:].rjust(8, '0') # pad it to 8 characters with 0s
'0001F600'
>>> r'\U' + s[2:].rjust(8, '0') # prepend the `\U`
'\\U0001F600'
It might be a bit cleaner to parse the string as hex and then format the resulting number back out:
>>> int(s[2:], 16)
128512
>>> n = int(s[2:], 16)
>>> rf'\U{n:08X}'
'\\U0001F600'
… but I'm not sure it's really any easier to understand that way.
If you need to extract these from a larger string, you probably want a regular expression.
We want to match a literal U+ followed by 1 to 8 hex digits, right? So, that's U\+[0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}. Except we really don't need to include the U+ just to pull it off with [2:], so let's group the rest of it: U\+([0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}).
>>> s = 'Hello U+1F600 world'
>>> re.search(r'U\+([0-9a-fA-F]{1,8})', s)
<_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(6, 13), match='U+1F600'>
>>> re.search(r'U\+([0-9a-fA-F]{1,8})', s).group(1)
'1F600'
Now, we can use re.sub with a function to apply the \U prepending and rjust padding:
>>> re.sub(r'U\+([0-9a-fA-F]{1,8})', lambda match: r'\U' + match.group(1).rjust(8, '0'), s)
'Hello \\U0001F600 world'
That's probably more readable if you define the function out-of-line:
>>> def padunimatch(match):
... return r'\U' + match.group(1).rjust(8, '0')
>>> re.sub(r'U\+([0-9a-fA-F]{1,8})', padunimatch, s)
'Hello \\U0001F600 world'
Or, if you prefer to do it numerically:
>>> def padunimatch(match):
... n = int(match.group(1), 16)
... return rf'\U{n:08X}'
>>> re.sub(r'U\+([0-9a-fA-F]{1,8})', padunimatch, s)
'Hello \\U0001F600 world'
And of course you already know how to do the last part, because it's in your question, right? Well, not quite: you can't call decode on a string, only on a bytes. The simplest way around this is to use the codec directly:
>>> x = 'Hello \\U0001F600 world'
>>> codecs.decode(x, 'unicode_escape')
'Hello 😀 world'
… unless you're using Python 2. In that case, the str type isn't a Unicode string, it's a byte-string, so decode actually works fine. But in Python 2, you'll run into other problems, unless all of your text is pure ASCII (with any non-ASCII characters encoded as U+xxxx sequences).
For example, let's say your input was:
>>> s = 'Hej U+1F600 världen'
In Python 3, that's fine. That s is a Unicode string. Under the covers, my console is sending Python UTF-8-encoded bytes to standard input and expecting to get UTF-8-encoded bytes back from standard output, but that just works like magic. (Well, not quite magic—you can print(sys.stdin.encoding, sys.stdout.encoding) to see that Python knows my console is UTF-8 and uses that to decode and encode on my behalf.)
In Python 2, it's not. If my console is UTF-8, what I've actually done is equivalent to:
>>> s = 'Hej U+1F600 v\xc3\xa4rlden'
… and if I try to decode that as unicode-escape, Python 2 will treat those \xc3 and \xa4 bytes as Latin-1 bytes, rather than UTF-8:
>>> s = 'Hej \U0001F600 v\xc3\xa4rlden'
… so what you end up with is:
>>> s.decode('unicode_escape')
u'Hej \U0001f600 v\xc3\xa4rlden'
>>> print(s.decode('unicode_escape'))
Hej 😀 världen
But what if you try to decode it as UTF-8 first, and then decode that as unicode_escape?
>>> s.decode('utf-8')
u'Hej \\U0001F600 v\xe4rlden'
>>> print(s.decode('utf-8'))
Hej \U0001F600 världen
>>> s.decode('utf-8').decode('unicode-escape')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe4' in position 16: ordinal not in range(128)
Unlike Python 3, which just won't let you call decode on a Unicode string, Python 2 lets you do it—but it handles it by trying to encode to ASCII first, so it has something to decode, and that obviously fails here.
And you can't just use the codec directly, the way you can in Python 3:
>>> codecs.decode(s.decode('utf-8'), 'unicode_escape')
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe4' in position 16: ordinal not in range(128)
You could decode the UTF-8, then unicode-escape the result, then un-unicode-escape everything, but even that isn't quite right:
>>> print(s.decode('utf-8').encode('unicode_escape').decode('unicode_escape'))
Hej \U0001F600 världen
Why? Because unicode-escape, while fixing our existing Unicode character, also escaped our backslash!
If you know you definitely have no \U escapes in the original source that you didn't want parsed, there's a quick fix for this: just replace the escaped backslash:
>>> print(s.decode('utf-8').encode('unicode_escape').replace(r'\\U', r'\U').decode('unicode_escape'))
Hej 😀 världen
If this all seems like a huge pain… well, yeah, that's why Python 3 exists, because dealing with Unicode properly in Python 2 (and notice that I didn't even really deal with it properly…) is a huge pain.
The words of the "wordslist" and the text I'm searching are in Cyrillic. The text is coded in UTF-8 (as set in Notepad++). I need Python to match a word in the text and get everything after the word until a full-stop followed by new line.
EDIT
with open('C:\....txt', 'rb') as f:
wordslist = []
for line in f:
wordslist.append(line)
wordslist = map(str.strip, wordslist)
/EDIT
for i in wordslist:
print i #so far, so good, I get Cyrillic
wantedtext = re.findall(i+".*\.\r\n", open('C:\....txt', 'rb').read())
wantedtext = str(wantedtext)
print wantedtext
"Wantedtext" shows and saves as "\xd0\xb2" (etc.).
What I tried:
This question is different, because there is no variable involved:
Convert bytes to a python string. Also, the solution from the chosen answer
wantedtext.decode('utf-8')
didn't work, the result was the same. The solution from here didn't help either.
EDIT: Revised code, returning "[]".
with io.open('C:....txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
wordslist = f.read().splitlines()
for i in wordslist:
print i
with io.open('C:....txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as my_file:
my_file_test = my_file.read()
print my_file_test #works, prints cyrillic characters, but...
wantedtext = re.findall(i+".*\.\r\n", my_file_test)
wantedtext = str(wantedtext)
print wantedtext #returns []
(Added after a comment below: This code works if you erase \r from the regular expression.)
Python 2.x only
Your find is probably not working because you're mixing strs and Unicodes strs, or strs containing different encodings. If you don't know what the difference between Unicode str and str, see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/35444608/1554386
Don't start decoding stuff unless you know what you're doing. It's not voodoo :)
You need to get all your text into Unicode objects first.
Split your read into a separate line - it's easier to read
Decode your text file. Use io.open() which support Python 3 decoding. I'm going assume your text file is UTF-8 (We'll soon find out if it's not):
with io.open('C:\....txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as my_file:
my_file_test = my_file.read()
my_file_test is now a Unicode str
Now you can do:
# finds lines beginning with i, ending in .
regex = u'^{i}*?\.$'.format(i=i)
wantedtext = re.findall(regex, my_file_test, re.M)
Look at wordslist. You don't say what you do with it but you need to make sure it's a Unicode str too. If you read from a file, use the same io.open from above.
Edit:
For wordslist, you can decode and read the file into a list while removing line feeds in one go:
with io.open('C:\....txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
wordslist = f.read().splitlines()
I have tried the following in Python 2.7 shell:
>>> from nltk.stem.isri import ISRIStemmer
>>> st = ISRIStemmer()
>>> string = u'\u062D\u064E\u062F\u0651\u064E\u062B\u064E\u0646\u064E\u0627'
>>> st.stem(string)
u'\u062d\u062f\u062b'
So basically, I am trying to obtain:
u'\u062d\u062f\u062b'
from
u'\u062D\u064E\u062F\u0651\u064E\u062B\u064E\u0646\u064E\u0627'
using nltk's arabic stemmer, which works!
However, when I try to accomplish the exact thing through a python script, it fails to stem any of the words in the list, tokens :
#!/c/Python27/python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
import nltk
import nltk.data
from nltk.stem.isri import ISRIStemmer
#In my script, I tokenize the following string
commasection = '\u0623\u064E\u062E\u0652\u0628\u064E\u0631\u064E\u0646\u064E\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064F \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064F \u0647\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064E\u0644\u064D'
#The tokenizing works
tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(commasection)
st = ISRIStemmer()
for word in tokens:
#But the stemming of each word in tokens doesn't work????
print st.stem(word)
#Should display
#u'u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631'
#u'\u0628\u0634\u0631'
#u'\u0628\u0646'
#u'\u0647\u0644\u0644'
#But it just shows whatever is in commasection
I need my python code to stem all words in tokens. But I don't get how the simpler example running in python shell works but not this script.
I have noticed that in the shell scenario, there is that 'u' in front of the sequence of unicode, so I tried all sorts of encodings/decodings and read a lot about it all night long (pulled an all-nighter on this one), but this python script is just not stemming word from tokens like the python shell!!!
If anyone can please help me make my script display the correct result I would be super super appreciative
Unicode escapes only work in unicode literals.
commasection = u'\u0623\u064E\u062E\u0652\u0628\u064E\u0631\u064E\u0646\u064E\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064F \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064F \u0647\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064E\u0644\u064D'
Ignacio is correct that I have to have unicode literals in order for the stemming to work, but since I am grabbing this string dynamically, I had to find a way to convert what I get dynamically
i.e. '\u0623\u064E\u062E\u0652\u0628\u064E\u0631\u064E\u0646\u064E\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064F \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064F \u0647\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064E\u0644\u064D'
into a string literal with a unicode escapes i.e.
u'\u0623\u064E\u062E\u0652\u0628\u064E\u0631\u064E\u0646\u064E\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064F \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064F \u0647\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064E\u0644\u064D'
(notice the u in front)
This can be done with the following unichr() http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/python/web/unichr-function.html:
word = "".join([unichr(int(x, 16)) for x in word.split("\\u") if x !=""])
So basically I grab the numeric codes and form the unicode character while maintaining the unicode escape. And my stemmer works!
I'm using a variable to store data that gets sent by a socket. When I assign it in my program it works but when I read it from a file it is treated as a string.
Example:
data = '\x31\x32\x33'
print data
Outputs
123 # <--- this is the result I want when I read from a file to assign data
f = open('datafile') <--- datafile contains \x31\x32\x33 on one line
data = f.readline()
print data
Outputs
\x31\x32\x33 # <--- wanted it to print 123, not \x31\x32\x33.
In Python the string '\x31\x32\x33' is actually only three characters '\x31' is the character with ordinal 0x31 (49), so '\x31' is equivalent to '1'. It sounds like your file actually contains the 12 characters \x31\x32\x33, which is equivalent to the Python string '\\x31\\x32\\x33', where the escaped backslashes represent a single backslash character (this can also be represented with the raw string literal r'\x31\x32\x33').
If you really are sure that this data should be '123', then you need to look at how that file is being written. If that is something you can control then you should address it there so that you don't end up with data consisting of several bytes representing hex escapes.
It is also possible that whatever is writing this data is already using some data-interchange format (similar to JSON), in which case you don't need to change how it is written, you just need to use a decoder for that data-interchange format (like json.loads(), but this isn't JSON).
If somehow neither of the above are really what you want, and you just want to figure out how to convert a string like r'\x31\x32\x33' to '123' in Python, here is how you can do that:
>>> r'\x31\x32\x33'.decode('string_escape')
'123'
Or in Python 3.x:
>>> br'\x31\x32\x33'.decode('unicode_escape')
'123'
edit: Based on comments it looks like you are actually getting hex strings like '313233', to convert a string like that to '123' you can decode using hex:
>>> '313233'.decode('hex')
'123'
Or on Python 3.x:
>>> bytes.fromhex('313233').decode('utf-8')
'123'
I might have violated many programming standards here, but the following code works for the given situation
with open('datafile') as f:
data=f.read()
data=data.lstrip('\\x') #strips the leftmost '\x' so that now string 'data' contains numbers saperated by '\x'
data=data.strip().split('\\x') #now data contains list of numbers
s=''
for d in data:
s+=chr(int(d,16)) #this converts hex ascii values to respective characters and concatenate to 's'
print s
As stated you are doing post processing, it would be easier to handle if the text was "313233"
you would then be able to use
data = "313233"
print data.decode("hex") # this will print '123'
As stated in comments this is for python 2.7, and is deprecated in 3.3. However unless this question is mis-tagged, this will work.
Yes, when you do a conversion from a string to an int, you can specify the base of the numbers in the string:
>>> print int("31", 16)
49
>>> chr(49)
'1'
So you should be able to just parse the hex values out of your file and individually convert them to chars.
I'd like your opinion as you might be more experienced on Python as I do.
I came from C++ and I'm still not used to the Pythonic way to do things.
I want to loop under a string, between 2 capital letters. For example, I could do that this way:
i = 0
str = "PythonIsFun"
for i, z in enumerate(str):
if(z.isupper()):
small = ''
x = i + 1
while(not str[x].isupper()):
small += str[x]
I wrote this on my phone, so I don't know if this even works but you caught the idea, I presume.
I need you to help me get the best results on this, not just in a non-forced way to the cpu but clean code too. Thank you very much
This is one of those times when regexes are the best bet.
(And don't call a string str, by the way: it shadows the built-in function.)
s = 'PythonIsFun'
result = re.search('[A-Z]([a-z]+)[A-Z]', s)
if result is not None:
print result.groups()[0]
you could use regular expressions:
import re
re.findall ( r'[A-Z]([^A-Z]+)[A-Z]', txt )
outputs ['ython'], and
re.findall ( r'(?=[A-Z]([^A-Z]+)[A-Z])', txt )
outputs ['ython', 's']; and if you just need the first match,
re.search ( r'[A-Z]([^A-Z]+)[A-Z]', txt ).group( 1 )
You can use a list comprehension to do this easily.
>>> s = "PythonIsFun"
>>> u = [i for i,x in enumerate(s) if x.isupper()]
>>> s[u[0]+1:u[1]]
'ython'
If you can't guarantee that there are two upper case characters you can check the length of u to make sure it is at least 2. This does iterate over the entire string, which could be a problem if the two upper case characters occur at the start of a lengthy string.
There are many ways to tackle this, but I'd use regular expressions.
This example will take "PythonIsFun" and return "ythonsun"
import re
text = "PythonIsFun"
pattern = re.compile(r'[a-z]') #look for all lower-case characters
matches = re.findall(pattern, text) #returns a list of lower-chase characters
lower_string = ''.join(matches) #turns the list into a string
print lower_string
outputs:
ythonsun