Print Byte Array Vertically in C - c++

Question

I have 4 byte arrays containing 4 bytes each, and when I print them they print horizontally, but I need them to print vertically. Is this possible in C? I know when I use printf() and pass it the array, it prints all four bytes automatically. Can I sub-divide the array into four separate bytes like a normal array and print each byte on a separate line? There has to be a way.
To illustrate what I am doing, here is the segment that I am having trouble with:
byte a0 = state[0];
byte a1 = state[1];
byte a2 = state[2];
byte a3 = state[3];
state[0] = lookup_g2[a0] ^ lookup_g3[a1] ^ a2 ^ a3;
state[1] = lookup_g2[a1] ^ lookup_g3[a2] ^ a3 ^ a0;
state[2] = lookup_g2[a2] ^ lookup_g3[a3] ^ a0 ^ a1;
state[3] = lookup_g2[a3] ^ lookup_g3[a0] ^ a1 ^ a2;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
printf("%02x", state[i]);
}
printf("%s", "\n");
This prints each byte array in its entirety on each line until main()ends. Preferably, I would like to print each array in groups of four vertically.
Also, I know there is sprintf() which I was recommended to use but for now I'm using printf() until I can figure out how to print vertically.
Example:
printf("%02x", state[0]);
yields:
b9 e4 47 c5
The output I am looking for is:
b9
e4
47
c5
and then the following iterations will print their values next to the first column as shown above. Is this possible?

Answer 1

Then how do you print the next line of bytes in a column next to the
first up to four columns then move to a new line?
If I follow what you are attempting to do, you have 4 state arrays (or 4 rows and columns of something) and you want to output the first line with the first element of each (one in each column), the next line (one element in each column), and so on. If you want to output each value individually, then you will need nested loops, outputting one value at a time in the inner loop (printing each element in a column), then output the '\n' once the inner loop completes.
Something like the following:
#include <stdio.h>
typedef unsigned char byte;
int main (void) {
byte state[] = { 0xb9, 0xe4, 0x47, 0xc5 },
n = sizeof state / sizeof *state;
for (byte i = 0; i < n; i++) { /* outer loop */
for (byte j = 0; j < n; j++) /* inner loop */
printf (" %02x", state[(j+i)%n]); /* stuff */
putchar ('\n'); /* newline after inner loop completes */
}
return 0;
}
Example Use/Output
$ ./bin/byteperline
b9 e4 47 c5
e4 47 c5 b9
47 c5 b9 e4
c5 b9 e4 47
note: I just used the values from the first array 4-times to construct the four columns. You will adjust your indexing scheme to whatever is called for by your data (e.g. to print rows as columns or columns as rows) Regardless how you do it, you must output the values in a row-wise manner. You can't print a column and then back up 4-lines and offset by 5 chars and print the next column. (I mean you can, but that is well-beyond your question and would require a separate curses library to do in a portable fashion)
Look things over and let me know if this is what you intended.