I was originally using AWS SES for mail sending from my Lambda, but it has very slow delivery.
I then decided to switch to MailJet and use their API for sending mails. I am using the NuGet package, V3.1 of the API, and pretty much the sample code from MailJet to send the mails async.
public async Task<bool> SendEmailAsync(EmailModel model)
{
Boolean sent = false;
MailjetClient client = new MailjetClient(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("EmailAPIKey"), Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("EmailAPISecret"))
{
Version = ApiVersion.V3_1,
};
MailjetRequest request = new MailjetRequest
{
Resource = Send.Resource,
}.Property(Send.Messages, new JArray {
new JObject {
{"From", new JObject {
{"Email", Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SenderEmail")},
{"Name", Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SenderEmailName")}
}
},
{"HTMLPart", model.EmailHtmlBody},
{"Subject", model.EmailSubject},
{"TextPart", model.EmailTextBody},
{"To", new JArray {
new JObject {
{"Email", model.EmailTo},
{"Name", model.EmailTo}
}
}}
}
});
try
{
MailjetResponse response = await client.PostAsync(request);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
sent = true;
LambdaLogger.Log(string.Format("Total: {0}, Count: {1}\n", response.GetTotal(), response.GetCount()));
LambdaLogger.Log(response.GetData().ToString());
}
else
{
sent = false;
LambdaLogger.Log(string.Format("StatusCode: {0}\n", response.StatusCode));
LambdaLogger.Log(string.Format("ErrorInfo: {0}\n", response.GetErrorInfo()));
LambdaLogger.Log(response.GetData().ToString());
LambdaLogger.Log(string.Format("ErrorMessage: {0}\n", response.GetErrorMessage()));
}
}
catch (Exception mailFail)
{
sent = false;
LambdaLogger.Log(string.Format("Failed: {0}\n", mailFail.Message.ToString() + " : " + mailFail.InnerException.Message.ToString()));
}
return sent;
}
When I test the code locally everything works just fine.
When I deploy the lambda to AWS and call the method for sending mails, it is completely random if the mail is send. I am guessing it is the async part which fails for some reason, I am hoping someone can help me to figure this out, because for now I am stuck on this issue.
Or if someone can tell me how to get Amazon SES to send without delay.
From the question:
it is completely random
And from a comment:
it seems like the lambda just keeps running and does not wait for the reply from MailJet
It is sounding like an async/await issue, but probably not where you think. Note that you are correctly awaiting the result of the MailJet operation:
MailjetResponse response = await client.PostAsync(request);
But that's only in this method. This method is of course async:
public async Task<bool> SendEmailAsync(EmailModel model)
When you call this method, do you await it? The method where you call it, that should also be async. Do you await that? Basically, are you "async all the way down"?
It sounds like somewhere in the codebase there's an async operation that's being invoked and then forgotten.
We're trying to develop a self-invoking lambda to process S3 files in chunks. The lambda role has the policies needed for the invocation attached.
Here's the code for the self-invoking lambda:
export const processFileHandler: Handler = async (
event: S3CreateEvent,
context: Context,
callback: Callback,
) => {
let bucket = loGet(event, 'Records[0].s3.bucket.name');
let key = loGet(event, 'Records[0].s3.object.key');
let totalFileSize = loGet(event, 'Records[0].s3.object.size');
const lastPosition = loGet(event, 'position', 0);
const nextRange = getNextSizeRange(lastPosition, totalFileSize);
context.callbackWaitsForEmptyEventLoop = false;
let data = await loadDataFromS3ByRange(bucket, key, nextRange);
await database.connect();
log.debug(`Successfully connected to the database`);
const docs = await getParsedDocs(data, lastPosition);
log.debug(`upserting ${docs.length} records to database`);
if (docs.length) {
try {
// upserting logic
log.debug(`total documents added: ${await docs.length}`);
} catch (err) {
await recurse(nextRange.end, event, context);
log.debug(`error inserting docs: ${JSON.stringify(err)}`);
}
}
if (nextRange.end < totalFileSize) {
log.debug(`Last ${context.getRemainingTimeInMillis()} milliseconds left`);
if (context.getRemainingTimeInMillis() < 10 * 10 * 10 * 6) {
log.debug(`Less than 6000 milliseconds left`);
log.debug(`Invoking next iteration`);
await recurse(nextRange.end, event, context);
callback(null, {
message: `Lambda timed out processing file, please continue from LAST_POSITION: ${nextRange.start}`,
});
}
} else {
callback(null, { message: `Successfully completed the chunk processing task` });
}
};
Where recurse is an invocation call to the same lambda. Rest of the things work as expected it just times out whenever the call stack comes on this invocation request:
const recurse = async (position: number, event: S3CreateEvent, context: Context) => {
let newEvent = Object.assign(event, { position });
let request = {
FunctionName: context.invokedFunctionArn,
InvocationType: 'Event',
Payload: JSON.stringify(newEvent),
};
let resp = await lambda.invoke(request).promise();
console.log('Invocation complete', resp);
return resp;
};
This is the stack trace logged to CloudWatch:
{
"errorMessage": "connect ETIMEDOUT 63.32.72.196:443",
"errorType": "NetworkingError",
"stackTrace": [
"Object._errnoException (util.js:1022:11)",
"_exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1044:20)",
"TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1198:14)"
]
}
Not a good idea to create a self-invoking lambda function. In case of an error (could also be a bad handler call on AWS side) a lambda function might re-run several times. Very hard to monitor and debug.
I would suggest using Step Functions. I believe this tutorial can help Iterating a Loop Using Lambda
From the top of my head, if you prefer not dealing with Step Functions, you could create a Lambda trigger for an SQS queue. Then you pass a message to the queue if you want to run the lambda function another time.
I am starting a step function from Lambda and the Lambda function is tied to an API Gateway. For some reason, when I try to test the Lambda function, I see hundreds of executions failed and running in loop. I just triggered the step function once. I am missing something here. Can you please advise.
const AWS = require("aws-sdk");
const uuidv4 = require("uuid/v4");
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Implementation */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
exports.handler = async event => {
var _dt = await ExecuteStepFunction()
return _dt;
}
function ExecuteStepFunction() {
const stepFunctions = new AWS.StepFunctions();
return new Promise((res, rej) => {
var params = {
stateMachineArn: 'arn:aws:states:us-east-1:xxxxxxxxxxxxx:stateMachine:xxTestSateMachine',
input: JSON.stringify(''),
name: uuidv4()
};
stepFunctions.startExecution(params, function (err, data) {
if (err) {
rej(err);
}
else {
res(data);
}
});
});
}
I tried thIS approach provided in the this link (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/step-functions/latest/dg/tutorial-api-gateway.html) where the API gateway directly triggers the step function but I am receiving the following error. After trying to fix this, I move to the above option of starting the function using the API.
{
"__type": "com.amazon.coral.service#UnrecognizedClientException",
"message": "The security token included in the request is invalid"
}
I have a stripe webhook that call a Firebase function. In this function I need to verify that this request comes from Stripe servers. Here is the code :
const functions = require('firebase-functions');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const stripe = require("stripe")("sk_test_****");
const endpointSecret = 'whsec_****';
const app = require('express')();
app.use(bodyParser.json({
verify: function (req, res, buf) {
var url = req.originalUrl;
if (url.startsWith('/webhook')) {
req.rawBody = buf.toString()
}
}
}));
app.post('/webhook/example', (req, res) => {
let sig = req.headers["stripe-signature"];
try {
console.log(req.bodyRaw)
let event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(req.body, sig, endpointSecret);
console.log(event);
res.status(200).end()
// Do something with event
}
catch (err) {
console.log(err);
res.status(400).end()
}
});
exports.app = functions.https.onRequest(app);
As mentioned in Stripe Documentation, I have to use raw body to perform this security check.
I have tried with my current code and with :
app.use(require('body-parser').raw({type: '*/*'}));
But I always get this error :
Error: No signatures found matching the expected signature for payload. Are you passing the raw request body you received from Stripe? https://github.com/stripe/stripe-node#webhook-signing
Cloud Functions automatically parses body content of known types. If you're getting JSON, then it's already parsed and available to you in req.body. You shouldn't need to add other body parsing middleware.
If you need to process the raw data, you should use req.rawBody, but I don't think you'll need to do that here.
Here is what is working for me:
add this line:
app.use('/api/subs/stripe-webhook', bodyParser.raw({type: "*/*"}))
(The first argument specifies which route we should use the raw body parser on. See the app.use() reference doc.)
just before this line:
app.use(bodyParser.json());
(it doesn't affect all your operation, just this: '/api/subs/stripe-webhook')
Note: If you are using Express 4.16+ you can replace bodyParser by express:
app.use('/api/subs/stripe-webhook', express.raw({type: "*/*"}));
app.use(express.json());
Then:
const endpointSecret = 'whsec_........'
const stripeWebhook = async (req, res) => {
const sig = req.headers['stripe-signature'];
let eventSecure = {}
try {
eventSecure = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(req.body, sig, endpointSecret);
//console.log('eventSecure :', eventSecure);
}
catch (err) {
console.log('err.message :', err.message);
res.status(400).send(`Webhook Secure Error: ${err.message}`)
return
}
res.status(200).send({ received: true });
}
Here is code which is working for me:
app.use(bodyParser.json({
verify: function (req, res, buf) {
var url = req.originalUrl;
if (url.startsWith('/stripe')) {
req.rawBody = buf.toString();
}
}
}));
And then pass the req.rawBody for verification
stripe.checkWebHook(req.rawBody, signature);
Reference: https://github.com/stripe/stripe-node/issues/341
2 things to note:
pass req.rawBody instead of req.body to constructEvent
const event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(
req.rawBody,
sig,
STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET
);
Make sure you're using the correct webhook secret. It's unique per webhook url!
2021 - Solution
I faced that error, and after a lot research I could not figure out the problem easily, but finally I could do it based in my architecture below:
//App.js
this.server.use((req, res, next) => {
if (req.originalUrl.startsWith('/webhook')) {
next();
} else {
express.json()(req, res, next);
}
});
//routes.js
routes.post(
'/webhook-payment-intent-update',
bodyParser.raw({ type: 'application/json' }),
//your stripe logic (Im using a controller, but wherever)
(req, res) => {
stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(...)
}
)
Two big warnings to pay attention:
Make sure to send the req.headers['stripe-signature']
Make sure that your endpointSecret is right, if not it will still saying the same error
Tips:
Test it locally by installing the Stripe CLI: https://stripe.com/docs/webhooks/test
Verify your key on stripe dashboard or you can also make sure if you have the right key by verifying you stripe log as below:
I hope it helps you. :)
// Use JSON parser for all non-webhook routes
app.use(
bodyParser.json({
verify: (req, res, buf) => {
const url = req.originalUrl;
if (url.startsWith('/api/stripe/webhook')) {
req.rawBody = buf.toString();
}
}
})
);
The above code will look fine for the above answers. But even I was made one mistake. After put the same thing I got the same error.
Finally, I've figured it out if you're configured body-parser below the rawBody code then it'll work.
Like this
// Use JSON parser for all non-webhook routes
app.use(
bodyParser.json({
verify: (req, res, buf) => {
const url = req.originalUrl;
if (url.startsWith('/api/stripe/webhook')) {
req.rawBody = buf.toString();
}
}
})
);
// Setup express response and body parser configurations
app.use(express.json());
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
Hopefully, it'll help someone.
It is late but will help others
Github answer
const payload = req.body
const sig = req.headers['stripe-signature']
const payloadString = JSON.stringify(payload, null, 2);
const secret = 'webhook_secret';
const header = stripe.webhooks.generateTestHeaderString({
payload: payloadString,
secret,
});
let event;
try {
event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(payloadString, header, secret);
} catch (err) {
console.log(`Webhook Error: ${err.message}`)
return res.status(400).send(`Webhook Error: ${err.message}`);
}
switch (event.type) {
case 'checkout.session.completed': {
......
enter code here
If you are trying to add a stripe webhook into your NextJS API Route, here's how to do so (ref):
import initStripe from "stripe";
import { buffer } from "micro";
import { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next";
export const config = { api: { bodyParser: false } };
const handler = async (req: NextApiRequest, res: NextApiResponse) => {
const stripe = initStripe(process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY||'');
const signature = req.headers["stripe-signature"];
const signingSecret = process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET || '';
const reqBuffer = await buffer(req);
let event;
try {
event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(reqBuffer, signature, signingSecret);
} catch (error: any) {
console.log(error);
return res.status(400).send(`Webhook error: ${error?.message}`);
}
console.log({ event });
res.send({ received: true });
};
export default handler;
This is using buffer from the micro library, in combination with the modifying the default API request to use request's rawbody. In some frameworks (like NextJs), rawBody doesn't come OOTB, hence the workaround of retrieving the rawbody by reqBuffer, which is needed in the stripe.webhooks.constructEvent event.
I was able to obtain data from one webhook but not from a second one: the problem was that the secret key I used was the same as the one used for the first webhook, but I found out that every webhook has a different key, that's way I got that same message.
AWS API Gateway + Lambda (Express.js CRUD) I'm using this for Stripe webhook endpoint and it works for me:
app.use(require('body-parser').text({ type: "*/*" }));
This happened to me when sending a test webhook from the Stripe dashboard after I had renamed a firebase cloud function. All my other functions were working fine. Solved by re-setting in the terminal
firebase functions:config:set stripe.webhook_signature="Your webhook signing secret"
(if you're using that) and redeploying the functions firebase deploy --only functions
On a second occasion I solved the problem by rolling the stripe signature in the stripe dashboard.
Please use this script
app.use(
bodyParser.json({
verify: (req, res, buf) => {
req.rawBody = buf;
},
})
);
My fave was combining two of above great answers.
Then you can use req.rawbody when you construct the event.
Replace "webhook" with whatever route you wish you have a raw body for.
app.use(
"/webhook",
express.json({
verify: (req, res, buf) => {
req.rawBody = buf.toString();
},
})
);
BEFORE
app.use(express.json());
Works well if you are using routes and controllers.
To use raw body in express with a specific endpoint in a seperated middleware, my solution is just enabling router to use express.raw for the webhook endpoint.
-node.js v12
-express.js v4.17.1
export const handleBodyRequestParsing = (router: Router): void => {
router.use('/your_webhook_endpoint', express.raw({ type: '*/*' }))
router.use(express.json({ limit: '100mb' }))
router.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }))
}
Here is the Quick Tip which may save your hours !
If you are adding express payment to your exciting express app sometimes you may already pass your request as json in the beginning of application by using express middleware app.use(json()); or any other middleware (Bodyparser for example).
If you are doing that then change that to omit your webhook url
Exmaple:
Assume your payment webhook url is /paments/webhhok
app.use((req, res, next) => {
if (req.originalUrl.includes("/payments/webhook")) {
next();
} else {
express.json()(req, res, next);
}
});
When using Stripe in Express, if you have the following line in your code;
app.use(express.json());
it is going to prevent you from providing the raw body to the Stripe even when you explicitly set "bodyParser.raw", which will throw an error. This was the reason my code failed. Finally sorted it out.
I tried all the solutions above and no one worked, and figured out that the only solution was not to use express at all for this endpoint. you just have to create another http function
export const webhook = functions.https.onRequest(async (req, res) => {
try {
const sig = req.headers['stripe-signature']
const endpointSecret = 'web_secret'
const event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(
req.rawBody,
sig,
endpointSecret
)
console.log(event.data.object)
res.status(200).send(event.data.object)
} catch (err) {
console.error('ocorreu um erro', err)
res.status(400).send(`Webhook Error: ${err.message}`)
}
})
Is it possible to run alexa skill locally with ngrok instead AWS? I built a skill in AWS Lambda but I would rather use my own server. What can I do to run Alexa locally?
I tried https://github.com/alexa-js/alexa-app-server but it makes any sense because I would need to rewrite my whole code :( The better solution is http://docs.bespoken.tools/en/latest/tutorials/tutorial_lambda_nodejs/ but it isn't the best. It just works only for a wellcome intent and freezes after that :(
Terminal Logs from bespken command:
BST: v0.9.35 Node: v7.8.0
Your URL for Alexa Skill configuration:
https://proxy.bespoken.tools?node-id=33efccba-2246-477f-bbb8-2e1e510cce9d
INFO 2017-04-25T20:27:20.628Z Connected - proxy.bespoken.tools:5000
INFO 2017-04-25T20:27:26.812Z RequestReceived: POST /?node-id=33efccba-2246-477f-bbb8-2e1e510cce9d ID: 1493152039146
INFO 2017-04-25T20:27:26.815Z Forwarding localhost:10000
Current hour: 24
Warning: Application ID is not set
INFO 2017-04-25T20:27:27.939Z ResponseReceived ID: 1493152039146
INFO 2017-04-25T20:28:10.755Z RequestReceived: POST /?node-id=33efccba-2246-477f-bbb8-2e1e510cce9d ID: 1493152078963
INFO 2017-04-25T20:28:10.756Z Forwarding localhost:10000
Warning: Application ID is not set
INFO 2017-04-25T20:28:11.157Z ResponseReceived ID: 1493152078963
INFO 2017-04-25T20:28:51.073Z RequestReceived: POST /?node-id=33efccba-2246-477f-bbb8-2e1e510cce9d ID: 1493152113739
INFO 2017-04-25T20:28:51.073Z Forwarding localhost:10000
Warning: Application ID is not set
INFO 2017-04-25T20:28:51.995Z ResponseReceived ID: 1493152113739
Yes, there are several solutions for running your node lambda locally. I've been using node-lambda, for example. Like most solutions it is oriented to users who want to test locally and then easily deploy to AWS Lambda.
If you want to run them yourself, I would note that MS and IBM have made their implementations of lambda open-source (here's MS's and IBM's). I haven't actually tried it myself, and I would note that with AWS, GCP, and Azure all providing Lambda services for node the market for these is healthy and the lock-in is minimal so I feel less need to be able to run it myself than for something like Dynamo.
But I also recommend that you continue to pursue BST. I'm using some of my own pieces for testing my skills because I got started before I heard of their stuff, but what I have tried of their's (BSTAlexa) is very useful and I see that they provide some of the other pieces you need for easy and effective testing of your skill.
Here's some sample code that you can use to easily run a Lambda locally, call this file AlexaLambda.js:
const log = require('console');
var AWS = require('aws-sdk');
AWS.config.region = "us-east-1";
AWS.config.update({
accessKeyId: "----",
secretAccessKey: "----",
});
/**
* Wraps the actual underlying Alexa lambda initialization in a
* Promise. Injects test mocks where appropriate.
*/
var initializerPromise = new Promise(function(fulfill, reject) {
// Mock out certain imports here if you want but not necessary
/*
var Module = require('module');
var originalRequire = Module.prototype.require;
Module.prototype.require = function() {
if ((arguments[0] == 'S3FeedService') ||
(arguments[0] == './lib/S3FeedService')) {
return MockS3Service;
} else if ((arguments[0] == 'WebsocketService') ||
(arguments[0] == './lib/WebsocketService')) {
return WSMockService;
} else if ((arguments[0] == 'SQSService') ||
(arguments[0] == './lib/SQSService')) {
return SQSMockService;
} else {
return originalRequire.apply(this, arguments);
}
};*/
// Import your actual lambda here.
var lambda = require('../src/index.js');
fulfill(lambda);
});
/**
* The Alexa Lambda context object which is called upon completion
* of lambda execution. Also wraps the callback which contains the
* test assertion code of the caller.
* #param callback - must be of the form function(error, result) {};
* #returns
*/
function Context(callback) {
this.clientContext = {"env": {}};
this.callback = callback;
}
Context.prototype.done = function(error, result) {
if (typeof error != "undefined" && error) {
this.callback(error, null);
} else {
this.callback(null, result);
}
}
Context.prototype.succeed = function(result) {
this.callback(null, result);
}
Context.prototype.fail = function(error) {
this.callback(error, null);
}
/**
* The AlexaLambda object that's exposed for test cases.
* #returns
*/
function AlexaLambda() {
}
/**
* Executes the lambda function, provided an inputEvent and a
* callback.
* #param inputEvent - the input event that includes the intent.
* #param callback - called upon completion of lambda execution.
*/
AlexaLambda.prototype.execute = function(inputEvent, callback) {
initializerPromise.then(function(lambda) {
var context = new Context(callback);
lambda.handler(inputEvent, context);
});
}
/**
* Export the lambda class, importers instantiate via new AlexaLambda();
*/
module.exports = AlexaLambda;
Then you can use this 'AlexaLambda' in your tests like so (in my case, I'm using Mocha):
var AlexaLambda = require('./AlexaLambda');
var Event = require('./Event'); // My 'fake' Event class
describe("Guest User Test", function() {
var alexaLambda = new AlexaLambda();
it("Alexa, open/launch 60db", function(done) {
var event = Event.createLaunchEvent();
alexaLambda.execute(event, function(error, result) {
validateYourResultHere();
done();
})
});
Then it's just a matter of running your test via whatever framework you're using.
You can test your alexa skill locally by following the following tutorial:
How to test Alexa locally