Take this a minimal working example
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << setw(10) << "aaaaaaa"
<< setw(10) << "bbbb"
<< setw(10) << "ccc"
<< setw(10) << "ddd"
<< setw(10) << endl;
for(int i(0); i < 5; ++i){
char ch = ' ';
if ( i == 0 )
ch = '%';
cout << setw(10) << i
<< setw(10) << i << ch
<< setw(10) << i
<< setw(10) << i
<< setw(10) << endl;
}
return 0;
}
The output is
aaaaaaa bbbb ccc ddd
0 0% 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
What I would like to do is to include << i << ch in one field of setw(10) so that columns are aligned properly.
Since we are looking at either ' ' or '%' you can simply calculate statically.
cout << setw(10) << i
<< setw( 9) << i << ch
<< setw(10) << i
<< setw(10) << i
<< setw(10) << endl;
probably combine i and ch in one string, setw wouldn't accept this behavior natively
try this snippet
cout << setw(10) << i
<< setw(10) << std::to_string(i) + ch;
You need to concatenate them into one string, like this:
#include <string>
cout << setw(10) << std::to_string(i) + ch;
in general.
But if you know that i is one character you could use:
cout << setw(9) << i << ch;
which might the case for you, since i seems to be ' ' or '%'.
I'm not sure to understand your need.
You could use some std::ostringstream like e.g.
std::ostringstream os;
os << i << ch << std::flush;
std::cout << setw(10) << os.str();
You could build a string, like James Maa answered
Related
I need to write ints from the right and strings from the left into a single line and have them line up properly (view output below the code).
Basically I just need a way to write a table only using iostream and iomanip and change the allingment from right for ints to left for strings and back.
Other tips are also appreciated :)
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class foo
{
public:
int i;
std::string s;
int j;
foo(int i1,std::string s1,int j1) : i(i1), s(s1),j(j1) {};
};
int main()
{
foo f1(1, "abc",50);
foo f2(100, "abcde",60);
cout << resetiosflags(ios::adjustfield);
cout << setiosflags(ios::right);
cout << setw(6) << "i" << setw(15) << "s" << setw(15) << "j"<<endl;
cout << setw(8) << f1.i << setw(15)
<< resetiosflags(ios::adjustfield) << setiosflags(ios::left) << f1.s <<setw(5)
<< resetiosflags(ios::adjustfield) << setiosflags(ios::right) << setw(15) << f1.j << endl;
cout << setw(8) << f2.i << setw(15)
<< resetiosflags(ios::adjustfield) << setiosflags(ios::left) << f2.s <<setw(5
<< resetiosflags(ios::adjustfield) << setiosflags(ios::right) << setw(15) << f2.j << endl;
/*i s j
1abc 50
100abcde 60*/
return 0;
}
This is the output:
i s j
1abc 50
100abcde 60
And this is what i need:
i s j
1 abc 50
100 abcde 60
Using left and right in the same line isn't a problem. It looks like the issue you have is not allowing for space after the first value. It looks like the setw(5) may have been for that, but since there's nothing printed after it there's no effect. I used 7 to match the 15 total used for the string width.
Maybe something like this would work? Probably best to extract the magic numbers into constants so you can adjust all of them easily in one place. You could also wrap this in an operator<< to contain all the formatting code in one place.
The first line headings offset one to the left looks weird to me, but it matches your example and is easy to adjust if necessary.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class foo
{
public:
int i;
std::string s;
int j;
foo(int i1, std::string s1, int j1) : i(i1), s(s1), j(j1)
{};
};
int main()
{
foo f1(1, "abc", 50);
foo f2(100, "abcde", 60);
cout
<< right << setw(7) << "i" << setw(7) << ' '
<< left << setw(15) << "s"
<< right << "j"
<< endl;
cout
<< right << setw(8) << f1.i << setw(7) << ' '
<< left << setw(15) << f1.s
<< right << f1.j
<< endl;
cout
<< right << setw(8) << f2.i << setw(7) << ' '
<< left << setw(15) << f2.s
<< right << f2.j
<< endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
i s j
1 abc 50
100 abcde 60
I'm trying to make a receipt, andbalways want the " kg" to be ONE SPACE after the weight, and also "$" just before both 'costperkg' and 'totacost' Initially using setw to format the output, could not get it to work, got it done with ostringstream. I Can anyone explain why does pushing double quote string does not work?
This one does not work :
int main()
{
string item = "A" ;
double weight = 2.00 ;
double costperkg = 1.98 ;
double totalcost = 3.96 ;
cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2);
cout << setw(14) << left << "ITEM" << setw(16) << "WEIGHT" << setw(18) << "COST/kg"
<< setw(14) << "COST" << endl ;
cout << setw(14) << left << item << setw(16) << weight << "kg" << setw(18) << "$"
<< costperkg << setw(14) << "$" << totalcost << endl << endl ;
}
This one works:
ostringstream streamweight, streamcostperkg, streamtotalcost;
streamweight << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << weight ;
streamcostperkg << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << costperkg ;
streamtotalcost << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2) << totalcost ;
string strweight = streamweight.str() + " kg" ;
string strcostperkg = "$" + streamcostperkg.str() ;
string strtotalcost = "$" + streamtotalcost.str() ;
cout << setw(14) << left << item << setw(16) << strweight << setw(18) << strcostperkg
<< setw(14) << strtotalcost << endl << endl ;
The expected result is :
ITEM WEIGHT COST/kg COST
A 2.0 kg $1.98 $3.96
What I got instead is :
ITEM WEIGHT COST/kg COST
A 2.00 kg$ 1.98$ 3.96
Why does the setw one not work? and also for those viewing on phone, the first character from first and second life of every word should align on the first letter (A, 2, $, $)
OP suspected the std::setw() not to work. IMHO, OP is not aware that the setw() does exactly what's expected but the formatting considers as well the std::left manipulator which makes all following output left aligned. (The left alignment becomes effective in combination with setw() only.)
Example:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
// the rest of sample
int main()
{
std::cout << '|' << std::setw(10) << 2.0 << "|kg" << '\n';
std::cout << std::left << '|' << std::setw(10) << 2.0 << "|kg" << '\n';
// done
return 0;
}
Output:
| 2|kg
|2 |kg
Live Demo on coliru
(A possible fix is exposed in the question by OP her/himself.)
My Code:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int time;
int honolulu, seattle, london, moscow, hongkong, auckland;
cout << "What is the current time in Philadelphia? ";
cin >> time;
honolulu = (time+2400-600)%2400;
seattle = (time+2400-300)%2400;
london = (time+2400+500)%2400;
moscow = (time+2400+800)%2400;
hongkong = (time+2400+1200)%2400;
auckland = (time+2400+1700)%2400;
cout << endl << "Current times in other cities: " << endl;
cout << setw (12) << left << "Honolulu:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << honolulu << endl;
cout << setw (12) << left << "Seattle:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << seattle << endl;
cout << setw (12) << left << "London:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << london << endl;
cout << setw (12) << left << "Moscow:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << moscow << endl;
cout << setw (12) << left << "Hong Kong:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << hongkong << endl;
cout << setw (12) << left << "Auckland:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << auckland << endl;
return 0;
}
Required Output :
What is the current time in Philadelphia? 0415
Current times in other cities:
Honolulu: 2215
Seattle: 1150
London: 9150
Moscow: 1215
Hong Kong: 1615
Auckland: 2115
My output :
What is the current time in Philadelphia? 0415
Current times in other cities:
Honolulu: 2215
Seattle:00001150
London:000009150
Moscow:000001215
Hong Kong:001615
Auckland:0002115
What am I doing wrong? The first line of output, Honolulu: 2215, is correct. But the next lines have leading zeroes. I do not understand why this is happening? Is there a problem with my code or am I misunderstanding how the functions setfill and setw work?
The fill character is "sticky", so it remains in effect until you change it.
In your case, you want 0 as the fill for the numeric fields, but space as the fill for the character fields, so you'll have to set that explicitly, something like this:
cout << setfill(' ') << setw (12) << left << "Seattle:";
Many of the iomanip objects are "sticky", that is, they stick to the stream and affect subsequent lines.
When you have this:
cout << setw (12) << left << "Seattle:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << seattle << endl;
that is going to leave the setfill active for the next line. So you might instead prefer
cout << setw (12) << setfill(' ') << left << "Seattle:";
cout << setw (4) << setfill('0') << seattle << endl;
As mentioned in other comments many of I/O manipulators are "sticky".
I personally prefer to solve this kind of problem using RAII:
class stream_format_raii {
public:
stream_format_raii(std::ostream &stream)
: stream_(stream)
, state_(NULL) {
state_.copyfmt(stream_);
}
~stream_format_raii() {
stream_.copyfmt(state_);
}
public:
std::ostream &stream_;
std::ios state_;
};
That this class does is backing up your current stream's format upon constructing and setting it back upon destructing.
You can use it this way:
void printCity(std::ostream &os, const std::string name, int time) {
stream_format_raii back(os);
os << std::setw(12) << std::left << (name + ":");
os << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << time;
}
int main() {
// Same as before
printCity(std::cout, "Honolulu", honolulu);
// Same as before
}
Closed. This question is not reproducible or was caused by typos. It is not currently accepting answers.
This question was caused by a typo or a problem that can no longer be reproduced. While similar questions may be on-topic here, this one was resolved in a way less likely to help future readers.
Closed 9 months ago.
Improve this question
I have a small alignment issue in my program.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << setw(5) << "Sl. No:" << setw(15) << "Month" << setw(15) << "Name" << endl << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 1 << setw(15) << "January" << setw(15) << "Abhilash" << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 2 << setw(15) << "Februaury" << setw(15) << "Anandan" << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 3 << setw(15) << "March" << setw(15) << "Abhilash" << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 4 << setw(15) << "April" << setw(15) << "Anandan" << endl;
return 0;
}
In the output I get, the names of the months are not right justified.
Sl. No: Month Name
1 January Abhilash
2 Februaury Anandan
3 March Abhilash
4 April Anandan
What seems to be the problem?
The string Sl. No: is 7 wide and you are trying to fit it into a 5 wide column. That pushes the first row over by 2 columns. Try making your first column 7 wide rather than 5 wide instead:
cout << setw(7) << "Sl. No:" << setw(15) << "Month" << setw(15) << "Name"
<< endl << endl;
cout << setw(7) << 1 << setw(15) << "January" << setw(15) << "Abhilash"
<< endl;
//...
When you want to use setw, you have to count from the end of the output string, int, etc. So when you say
cout << setw(15) << "January";
It'll format 8 spaces in between since January is 7 characters. So in your example, you want to have
cout << setw(23) << "January";
That obviously depends if you keep your first output of '1' in the same place.
You can also use "\t" before setw() to make sure your not eating into the space.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << setw(5) << "Sl. No:" << setw(15) << "Month" << setw(15) << "Name" << endl << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 1 << "\t" << setw(15) << "January" << "\t" << setw(15) << "Abhilash" << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 2 << "\t" << setw(15) << "Februaury" << "\t" << setw(15) << "Anandan" << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 3 << "\t" << setw(15) << "March" << "\t" << setw(15) << "Abhilash" << endl;
cout << setw(5) << 4 << "\t" << setw(15) << "April" << "\t" << setw(15) << "Anandan" << endl;
return 0;
}
Oh you need to use spacing in front of the "month"
" month"
not
"month"
the results will look like this
Month
January
you may have to adjust the amount of spacing you use.
I tried to format output strings in my console application (like a table)
cout << "\n\n-----------------\n";
cout << setw(8) << left << "F\t|";
cout << setw(8) << left << "x\t|";
cout << "\n-----------------\n";
//...
cout.width(8);
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << fixed << setprecision(3) << F << "\t|";
cout.width(8);
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << x << "\t|";
cout << "\n-----------------\n\n";
But as result my output looks like this
What's wrong with my upper string formatting?
I used the same code as you did and got the same output until I removed the \t at the end of the line. See the new code:
cout << "\n\n-----------------\n";
cout << setw(8) << left << "F\t|";
cout << setw(8) << left << "x\t|";
cout << "\n-----------------\n";
//...
cout.width(8);
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << fixed << setprecision(3) << F << "|";
cout.width(8);
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << x << "|";
cout << "\n-----------------\n\n";
As already noted, it's the tabs that are causing the problem.
I would not stop at just removing the tabs though. As it stands right now, your code is highly repetitive and next to impossible to maintain. I'd do a (nearly) complete rewrite, with a couple of functions to cut down on the repetition. My first cut would probably look something like this:
// format a value in a field of specified width, followed by a separator
template <class T>
string field(T val, int w, char sep = '|') {
stringstream b;
b << setw(w) << left << fixed << setprecision(3) << val << sep;
return b.str();
}
// generate a separator for a specified number of fields,
// each of a specified width
string sep(int c, int w, char val = '-') {
string s(c * (w + 1), val);
return string("\n") + s + "\n";
}
int main() {
static const int w = 8;
double F = 1.234, x = 3.45;
string s = sep(2, w);
cout << "\n" << s;
cout << field("F", w) << field("x", w) << s;
cout << field(F, w) << field(x, w) << s;
}
Seems to me that this makes the code rather more readable and quite a bit more maintainable. For example, if we decided to display an a and b on the next line, it would seem fairly obvious to add something like:
cout << field(a, w) << field(b, w) << s;
...and we wouldn't have to look very hard to be pretty sure it was going to match up with the previous line. Likewise, if we wanted to change a column width, etc.
You may try:
cout << "\n\n-----------------\n";
cout << setw(8) << left << "F\t\t|"; // insert more tab here
cout << setw(8) << left << "x\t|";
cout << "\n-----------------\n";
//...
cout.width(8);
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << fixed << setprecision(3) << F << "\t|";
cout.width(8);
cout.setf(ios::left);
cout << x << "\t|";
cout << "\n-----------------\n\n";
The console screen looks suspiciously Windows like.
If you are using Windows, you can use the Win32 API to format output more precisely.
In particular, you can use SetConsoleCursorPosition.
COORD position = {x,y};
HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOut, position);
std::cout<<"This will be printed starting at position x, y"<<std::endl;
Try this:
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
map< float, float > table =
{
{ 8232.0f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.1f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.2f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.3f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.4f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.5f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.6f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.7f, 89.0f },
{ 8232.8f, 89.0f },
};
const size_t CELL_WIDTH = 25;
const string CELL_LINE( CELL_WIDTH, '=' );
// print the header of table
cout << '|' << CELL_LINE << '|' << CELL_LINE << '|' << endl
<< '|'
<< left << setw( CELL_WIDTH ) << "F" << '|'
<< setw( CELL_WIDTH ) << "R" << "|\n|"
<< CELL_LINE << '|' << CELL_LINE << '|' << endl;
// print the body
// change cout precision
cout << fixed << setprecision( 3 );
for ( auto it : table )
cout << "| " << setw( CELL_WIDTH - 1 ) << it.first
<< "| " << setw( CELL_WIDTH - 1 ) << it.second
<< "|\n";
// print the footer
cout << '|' << CELL_LINE << '|' << CELL_LINE << '|' << endl;
return 0;
}
this is the result: