segmentation fault (core dumped) in C++ strings - c++

Question

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int STRLEN(char* s){
cout<<"\n1.";
int i=0;
while(s[i] != '\0'){
cout<<"\n2.";
i++;
}
return i;
}
int main(){
int i,j;
char* s1;
char* s2;
cout<<"\nEnter string : ";
cin.getline(s1,50);
cout<<s1;
cout<<"\nEnter string : ";
cin.getline(s2,50);
cout<<s2;
int L1=STRLEN(s1);
int L2=STRLEN(s2);
cout<<"\nL1 = "<<L1;
cout<<"\nL2 = "<<L2;
/*
for*(i=L1,j=0; i<L1+L2; i++,j++)
{
s1[i] = s2[j];
j++;
}
cout<<s1;*/
return 0;
}
the above code is giving me segmentation fault at line int L1=STRLEN(s1);
Please provide a solution , i want my string to be dynamically manipulated, so that i can extend the given string, also append new string to existing string without using inbuilt methods.
Also without using string data type

Answer 1

Actually, your function STRLEN looks norm (except couts inside and lack of const for s)
int STRLEN(const char* s)
{
int i=0;
while(s[i] != '\0')
{
i++;
}
return i;
}
The problem in memory allocation :getline does not allocate memory for you - you must allocate memory for strings
char* s1;
char* s2;
E.g. like:
char* s1 = malloc(100);
char* s2 = malloc(100);
Actually for your case with cin.getline(s2,50); 50 bytes will be enough:
char* s2 = (char*)malloc(50);
Here (char*) is explicit cast of a pointer type (see also static_cast for C++, and be informed that for C implicit cast is working in that case)
UPDATE:
Just to give you more examples and provoke more questions... the following is my modification of your program with comments for each section:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int STRLEN(const char* s)
{
int i=0;
while(s[i] != '\0')
{
i++;
}
return i;
}
int main(void)
{
int i; // one counter will be enough
char* s1;
char* s2;
// allocation the memory
s1 = static_cast<char*>(malloc(50));
s2 = static_cast<char*>(malloc(50));
// check results of memory allocation
if(!s1 || !s2)
{
cerr << "Something went wrong!" << endl;
return 1;
}
// getting strings
cout<<"\nEnter the first string : ";
cin.getline(s1,50);
cout<< "S1 : [" << s1 << "]" << endl;
// clean input buffer before next string input
cin.clear(); // reset state of cin
cin.ignore(INT_MAX, '\n'); // clean the input buffer
// continue input
cout<<"\nEnter the second string : ";
cin.getline(s2,50);
cout<< "S2 : [" << s2 << "]" << endl;
// count sizes (like strlen)
int L1=STRLEN(s1);
int L2=STRLEN(s2);
// reallocate memory for resulting string in s1
if( !(s1 = static_cast<char*>(realloc(s1, L1+L2+1))) )
{
cerr << "Something went wrong while reallocating memory!" << endl;
return 1;
}
// manipulations with strings (like strcat)
for(i=0; i <= L2; i++) // <= to copy '\0' also
{
s1[i + L1] = s2[i];
}
cout<< "Result : [" << s1 << "]" << endl;
// deallocate memory
free(s1);
free(s2);
return 0;
}
And as molbdnilo rightly noted in the comments, in C++ it is better to use new and delete for memory allocation and deallocation, so after you figure out with my example try to get rid of C functions: malloc, realloc and free.
After that, like making your program even more C++ solution, consider changing the type of strings from char * to std::string this will definitely save you from memory allocation problem and make all other parts of program simpler (e.g. s1 += s2 operation will be possible). When you get to that read about getline for string