I have an issue on gcc 9.3.1 version for ARM, my code have two file that object_1.c is empty file and for main.c as
unsigned char test = 100;
int main(void)
{
/*Write code here*/
test++;
printf("Test lib");
return 0;
}
my command when linking as the example:
<gcc_path>/bin/arm-none-eabi-ld.exe -L<gcc_path>/arm-none-eabi/lib -L<gcc_path>/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.3.1 -lc -lm -T linker.ld object_1.o main.o -o run.elf
I have tried some ideas but it is not work. Could anyone help me with some ideas?
I'm trying to compile a simple test program using the Trilino package but something is wrong. The install of Trilino have went fine as far as I know but there must be something wrong with the linking or something. Below is my makefile:
include /home/jacob/Trilinos/trilinos-build/Makefile.export.Trilinos
CXX=$(Trilinos_CXX_COMPILER)
CC=$(Trilinos_C_COMPILER)
FORT=/usr/bin/gfortran
CXX_FLAGS=$(Trilinos_CXX_COMPILER_FLAGS) $(USER_CXX_FLAGS)
C_FLAGS=$(Trilinos_C_COMPILER_FLAGS) $(USERC_FLAGS)
FORT_FLAGS=$(Trilinos_Fortran_COMPILER_FLAGS) $(USER_FORT_FLAGS)
INCLUDE_DIRS=$(Trilinos_INCLUDE_DIRS) $(Trilinos_TPL_INCLUDE_DIRS)
LIBRARY_DIRS=$(Trilinos_LIBRARY_DIRS) $(Trilinos_TPL_LIBRARY_DIRS)
LIBRARIES=$(Trilinos_LIBRARIES) $(Trilinos_TPL_LIBRARIES)
LINK_FLAGS=$(Trilinos_EXTRA_LD_FLAGS)
DEFINES=-DMYAPP_EPETRA
default: print_info vector.x
vector.x: libmyappLib.a
$(CXX) $(CXX_FLAGS) libMyappLib.a -o vector.x $(LINK_FLAGS) $(INCLUDE_DIRS) $(DEFINES) $(LIBRARY_DIRS) $(LIBRARIES)
libmyappLib.a: es.o
$(Trilinos_AR) cr libMyappLib.a es.o
es.o:
$(CXX) -c $(CXX_FLAGS) $(INCLUDE_DIRS) $(DEFINES) es.cpp
And here is the program:
#include "Epetra_SerialComm.h"
#include "Epetra_Map.h"
#include "Epetra_Vector.h"
#include "Epetra_Version.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::cout << Epetra_Version() << std::endl << std::endl;
Epetra_SerialComm Comm;
int NumElements = 1000;
Epetra_Map Map(NumElements, 0, Comm);
Epetra_Vector x(Map);
Epetra_Vector b(Map);
b.Random();
x.Update(2.0, b, 0.0); // x = 2*b
double bnorm, xnorm;
x.Norm2(&xnorm);
b.Norm2(&bnorm);
std::cout << "2 norm of x = " << xnorm << std::endl
<< "2 norm of b = " << bnorm << std::endl;
return 0;
}
However, when running make it just gives back:
es.cpp:(.text.startup+0x91): undefined reference to Epetra_SerialComm::Epetra_SerialComm()
es.cpp:(.text.startup+0xa7): undefined reference to `Epetra_Map::Epetra_Map(int,int, Epetra_Comm const&)'
es.cpp:(.text.startup+0xbb): undefined reference to `Epetra_Vector::Epetra_Vector(Epetra_BlockMap const&, bool)'
.
.
.
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [vector.x] Fel 1
For every piece of code inside main, so it seems like it cannot find the Epetra package even though itÅ› not complaining about the includes. Does anyone have a clue of what might be the problem? I'm fairly new to C++/C and handling the Trilino package is rather complicated so any tip is highly appreciated.
I installed Ubuntu 14.04 and Opencv using the steps mentioned here https://solarianprogrammer.com/2014/04/21/opencv-beaglebone-black-ubuntu/
I am trying to compile the following code (saved in text file named as test2.cpp. test2.cpp and lena.jpg were copied to beaglebone home folder) :
// Test to convert a color image to gray
// Build on Linux with:
// g++ test2.cpp -o test2 -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
// Load the image file and check for success
cv::Mat input = cv::imread("lena.jpg", 1);
if(!input.data) {
std::cout << "Unable to open the image file" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// Convert the input file to gray
cv::Mat gray_image;
cvtColor(input, gray_image, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
// Save the result
cv::imwrite("lena_gray.jpg", gray_image);
return 0;
}
using g++ test2.cpp -o test2 -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui
I also tried telling the compiler where the libraries are using -L /usr/local/lib . (the libopencv files were found there). But got the following error each time:
ubuntu#arm:~$ g++ test2.cpp -o test2 -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -L usr/local/lib
/tmp/cckXjOPd.o: In function `main':
test2.cpp:(.text+0x26): undefined reference to `cv::imread(cv::String const&, int)'
test2.cpp:(.text+0xf0): undefined reference to `cv::imwrite(cv::String const&, cv::_InputArray const&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int=""> > const&)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Can someone help me out here? Any help would be appreciated.
I find it always convenient and safe to compile using:
g++ test2.cpp -o test2 `pkg-config --libs --cflags opencv`
Install pkg-config if not already present.
$clang --version
Apple LLVM version 6.0 (clang-600.0.51) (based on LLVM 3.5svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0
Thread model: posix
magick_wrapper.cpp
#include <Magick++.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include "magick_wrapper.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace Magick;
void hello_world() {
cout << "hello world" << endl;
}
void initialize_imagick() {
static int isInitialized = 0;
if(!isInitialized) {
InitializeMagick(NULL);
isInitialized = 1;
}
}
void throw_exception_test() {
try {
throw runtime_error("just a test");
} catch (exception &error) {
cout << "error occured: " << error.what() << endl;
} catch (...) {
cout << "an exception has rasie" << ", but we don't know what it is" << endl;
}
}
haskell code with ffi
{-# LANGUAGE ForeignFunctionInterface #-}
module Main where
import Foreign.C
import Foreign.Ptr
foreign import ccall "hello_world"
c_hello_world :: IO ()
foreign import ccall "throw_exception_test"
c_throw_exception_test :: IO ()
main = do
c_hello_world
c_throw_exception_test
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "magick_wrapper.h"
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "main start" << endl;
throw_exception_test();
cout << "main ends" << endl;
return 0;
}
make file
CC=clang
all: test testc
testc: magick_wrapper.o main.o
$(CC) -o testc main.o magick_wrapper.o `Magick++-config --cppflags --cxxflags --ldflags --libs` -lc++
main.o: main.cpp
$(CC) -c main.cpp
test: test.hs magick_wrapper.o
ghc -v -o test test.hs magick_wrapper.o `Magick++-config --ldflags --libs` -lc++
magick_wrapper.o: magick_wrapper.cpp
$(CC) -c `Magick++-config --cppflags --cxxflags` magick_wrapper.cpp -stdlib=libc++
clean:
rm *o *hi test testc
std output from test (haskell ffi)
$ ./test
hello world
libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type std::runtime_error: just a test
Abort trap: 6
std ouptut from testc (pure c)
$ ./testc
main start
error occured: just a test
main ends
ghc verbose output
*** C Compiler:
clang -m64 -fno-stack-protector -DTABLES_NEXT_TO_CODE -c /var/folders/kp/f2t2ps216tl3p4t6jsplr9400000gn/T/ghc26839_0/ghc26839_4.c -o /var/folders/kp/f2t2ps216tl3p4t6jsplr9400000gn/T/ghc26839_0/ghc26839_5.o -I/usr/local/Cellar/ghc/7.8.3/lib/ghc-7.8.3/include
*** Linker:
clang -m64 -fno-stack-protector -DTABLES_NEXT_TO_CODE -m64 -o test -Wl,-no_compact_unwind test.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick/6.8.9-7/lib -L/usr/local/Cellar/imagemagick/6.8.9-7/lib magick_wrapper.o '-lMagick++-6.Q16' -lMagickWand-6.Q16 -lMagickCore-6.Q16 '-lMagick++-6.Q16' -lMagickWand-6.Q16 -lMagickCore-6.Q16 '-lc++' -L/usr/local/Cellar/ghc/7.8.3/lib/ghc-7.8.3/base-4.7.0.1 -L/usr/local/Cellar/ghc/7.8.3/lib/ghc-7.8.3/integer-gmp-0.5.1.0 -L/usr/local/Cellar/ghc/7.8.3/lib/ghc-7.8.3/ghc-prim-0.3.1.0 -L/usr/local/Cellar/ghc/7.8.3/lib/ghc-7.8.3/rts-1.0 /var/folders/kp/f2t2ps216tl3p4t6jsplr9400000gn/T/ghc26839_0/ghc26839_5.o -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Izh_static_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Czh_static_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Fzh_static_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Dzh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziPtr_Ptr_static_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Wzh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziInt_I8zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziInt_I16zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziInt_I32zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziInt_I64zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziWord_W8zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziWord_W16zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziWord_W32zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziWord_W64zh_static_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziStable_StablePtr_static_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Izh_con_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Czh_con_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Fzh_con_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_Dzh_con_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziPtr_Ptr_con_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziPtr_FunPtr_con_info -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziStable_StablePtr_con_info -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_False_closure -Wl,-u,_ghczmprim_GHCziTypes_True_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziPack_unpackCString_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziIOziException_stackOverflow_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziIOziException_heapOverflow_closure -Wl,-u,_base_ControlziExceptionziBase_nonTermination_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziIOziException_blockedIndefinitelyOnMVar_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziIOziException_blockedIndefinitelyOnSTM_closure -Wl,-u,_base_ControlziExceptionziBase_nestedAtomically_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziWeak_runFinalizzerBatch_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziTopHandler_flushStdHandles_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziTopHandler_runIO_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziTopHandler_runNonIO_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziConcziIO_ensureIOManagerIsRunning_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziConcziIO_ioManagerCapabilitiesChanged_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziConcziSync_runSparks_closure -Wl,-u,_base_GHCziConcziSignal_runHandlers_closure -Wl,-search_paths_first -lHSbase-4.7.0.1 -lHSinteger-gmp-0.5.1.0 -lHSghc-prim-0.3.1.0 -lHSrts -lCffi -liconv -lgmp -lm -ldl
link: done
it seems during unwind, catch code was ignored by some reason. this behavior seems can only repeated under OSX with clang. I have tried gcc under Linux which works perfectly fine.
This question already has answers here:
Closed 10 years ago.
Possible Duplicate:
Undefined symbols for architecture i386:
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "CorpusExp.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
ifstream infile("../DATA.txt");
string train_dir; // The training data directory
infile>>train_dir;
train_dir=train_dir.substr(6,train_dir.length());
if (argc>1){
if (strcmp(argv[1],"-s")){ // enter into CorpusExploration mode
CorpusExp ce(train_dir,"all"); //<<=======LINE X!!!!!!!!
//ce.calculate();
if (argc>=3 && strcmp(argv[2],"-u")){ // check user stats
cout<<"shit";
}
else if (argc>=3 && strcmp(argv[2],"-m")){ // check movie stats
}else{ // check the all (default) stats
}
}else if(strcmp(argv[1],"-m")) {// enter into Recommendation mode
}
}
return 0;
}
If I include the LINE X, the main.cpp won't compile, the error message is:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"CorpusExp::CorpusExp(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from:
_main in main.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [recommend] Error 1
And here is my CorpusExp.cpp and CorpusExp.h:
/* CorpusExporater header file
Used for statistical purpose
*/
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <dirent.h> // the Linux library to read the directories
class CorpusExp{
public:
CorpusExp(const string&,const string&); // (dir_name, mode)
void calculate();
void display(ostream &out, const int&); // print out the id's stat information
private:
string _dir_name;
int _movie_count;
int _user_count;
int _movie_rated_count[5]; // times of movie rated as 1,2,3,4,5
float _movie_avg; // total moview average rates
string _mode; // the mode of current task
int _id; // the id of current task
};
/*CorpusExporater cpp file
Used for statistical purpose
*/
#include "CorpusExp.h"
CorpusExp::CorpusExp(const string &dir_name, const string &mode):
_dir_name(dir_name),
_mode(mode),
_movie_count(0),
_user_count(0)
{
}
void CorpusExp::calculate(){
DIR *dpdf;
struct dirent *epdf;
dpdf = opendir(strdup(_dir_name.c_str()));
if (dpdf!=NULL){
while(epdf = readdir(dpdf)){
cout<<epdf->d_name<<endl;
}
}
}
void CorpusExp::display(ostream &out, const int &id){
}
I am barely new to c++, so I get very confused, don't know which part caused this problem. If I remove the LINE X, everything will just be fine, but if I declare the CorpusExp class in the main function, then it did not compile......
here is the compile file:
# Makefile for Movie Recommendation--- HW5 of Search Engine 11-641
# Yitong Zhou
# Nov 19, 2012
#source code directory:
src=src
#obj code directory:
obj=obj
recommend: $(obj)/main.o $(obj)/CorpusExp.o
g++ -o $# $<
$(obj)/main.o: src/main.cpp src/CorpusExp.cpp
g++ -c $< -o $#
$(obj)/CorpusExp.o: $(src)/CorpusExp.cpp $(src)/CorpusExp.h
g++ -c $< -o $#
clean:
rm -rf obj/*.o recommend
Try a simple command line compile without the makefile to make sure the makefile itself isn't the problem.
cd src; g++ main.cpp CorpusExp.cpp -o recommend