Directx 11 2D ortho - c++

I startet with Directx 11 and I have some problems with setting up the camera.
I want to set the origin to the top-left of the sceen, currently it is on bot-left this is how I set it up:
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mProjection);
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&mView);
mPosition = D3DXVECTOR3{ 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f };
mTarget = D3DXVECTOR3{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
mUp = D3DXVECTOR3{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
D3DXMatrixOrthoOffCenterLH(&mProjection,
0.0f, static_cast<Float32>(WindowWidth),
0.0f, static_cast<Float32>(WindowHeight), 0.0f, 1.0f);
and here is how I want it
this is currently my coord system:


swap y parameters for building the matrix:
D3DXMatrixOrthoOffCenterLH(&mProjection,
0.0f, static_cast<Float32>(WindowWidth),
static_cast<Float32>(WindowHeight), 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

Related

How to use keyboard and mouse input to navigate a figure

I'm working on a project involving viewing a 3D from different viewpoints using mouse and keyboard input. When I submitted my first draft, I received the following feedback:
"Your object did not react to any of the buttons I pressed to change the camera view! The object of this project is to have the user control the camera by being able to change different views but your object didn't give me that ability!"
I currently have it coded to zoom in on the object when pressing the up key and out when pressing the down key. The camera view is supposed to move up and down when moving the mouse.
I've tried using some previous code that involved the cameraPosition variable, but it does not function properly when utilized in the pressSpecialKey function or in the rendering function.
/*Header Inclusions*/
#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
//GLM Math Header Inclusions
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
//SOIL image loader Inclusion
#include "SOIL2/SOIL2.h"
using namespace std; //Standard namespace
#define WINDOW_TITLE "Final Project: Spoon" //Window title Macro
/*Shader program Macro*/
#ifndef GLSL
#define GLSL(Version, Source) "#version " #Version "\n" #Source
#endif
//Global variable declarations
int view_state = 1;
/*Variable declarations for shader, window size initialization, buffer and array objects*/
GLint spoonShaderProgram, lampShaderProgram, WindowWidth = 800, WindowHeight = 600;
GLuint VBO, SpoonVAO, LightVAO, texture;
GLfloat cameraSpeed = 0.0005f; //Movement speed per frame
//TODO: Remove unnessary code
GLchar currentKey; //Will store key pressed
GLfloat lastMouseX = 400, lastMouseY = 300; //Locks mouse cursor at the center of the screen
GLfloat mouseXOffset, mouseYOffset, yaw = 0.0f, pitch = 0.0f; //mouse offset, yaw, and pitch variables
GLfloat sensitivity = 0.5f; //Used for mouse / camera rotation sensitivity
bool mouseDetected = true; //Initially true when mouse movement is detected
//Global vector declarations
glm::vec3 cameraPosition = glm::vec3(-2.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f); //Initial camera position.
glm::vec3 CameraUpY = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //Temporary y unit vector
glm::vec3 CameraForwardZ = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); //Temporary z unit vector
glm::vec3 front; //Temporary z unit vector for mouse
//Subject position and scale
glm::vec3 spoonPosition(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glm::vec3 spoonScale(2.0f);
//spoon and light color
glm::vec3 objectColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glm::vec3 lightColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
//Light position and scale
glm::vec3 lightPosition(0.5f, 0.5f, 3.0f);
glm::vec3 lightScale(0.3f);
/*Function prototypes*/
void UResizeWindow(int, int);
void URenderGraphics(void);
void UCreateShader(void);
void UCreateBuffers(void);
void pressSpecialKey(int key, int xx, int yy);
void UMouseMove(int x, int y);
void UGenerateTexture(void);
/*Spoon Vertex Shader Course Code*/
const GLchar * spoonVertexShaderSource = GLSL(330,
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position; //Vertex data from Vertex Attrib Pointer 0
layout (location = 1) in vec3 normal; //VAP for normals from Vertex Attrib Pointer 1
layout (location = 2) in vec2 textureCoordinate; //Texture vertex data from Vertex Attrib Pointer 2
out vec3 FragmentPos; //For outgoing color / pixels to fragment shader
out vec3 Normal; //For outgoing normals to fragment shader
out vec2 mobileTextureCoordinate;
//Global variables for the transform matrices
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main(){
gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0f); //transforms vertices to clip coordinates
FragmentPos = vec3(model * vec4(position, 1.0f)); //Gets fragment / pixel position in world space only (exclude view and projection)
Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * normal; //get normal vectors in world space only and exclude normal translation properties
mobileTextureCoordinate = vec2(textureCoordinate.x, 1 - textureCoordinate.y); //flips the texture horizontal
}
);
/*Spoon Fragment Shader Source Code*/
const GLchar * spoonFragmentShaderSource = GLSL(330,
in vec3 FragmentPos; //For incoming fragment position
in vec3 Normal; //For incoming normals
in vec2 mobileTextureCoordinate;
out vec4 spoonColor; //For outgoing spoon color to the GPU
//Uniform / Global variables for object color, light color, light position, and camera/view position
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 lightPos;
uniform vec3 viewPosition;
uniform sampler2D uTexture; //Useful when working with multiple textures
void main(){
/*Phong lighting model calculations to generate ambient, diffuse, and specular components*/
//Calculate Ambient Lighting
float ambientStrength = 0.1f; //Set ambient or global lighting strength
vec3 ambient = ambientStrength * lightColor; //Generate ambient light color
//Calculate Diffuse Lighting
vec3 norm = normalize(Normal); //Normalize vectors to 1 unit
vec3 lightDirection = normalize(lightPos - FragmentPos); //Calculate distance (light direction) between light source and fragments/pixels on
float impact = max(dot(norm, lightDirection), 0.0); //Calculate diffuse impact by generating dot product of normal and light
vec3 diffuse = impact * lightColor; //Generate diffuse light color
//Calculate Specular lighting
float specularIntensity = 1.6f; //Set specular light strength
float highlightSize = 128.0f; //Set specular highlight size
vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPosition - FragmentPos); //Calculate view direction
vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDirection, norm); //Calculate reflection vector
//Calculate specular component
float specularComponent = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), highlightSize);
vec3 specular = specularIntensity * specularComponent * lightColor;
//Calculate phong result
vec3 objectColor = texture(uTexture, mobileTextureCoordinate).xyz;
vec3 phong = (ambient + diffuse) * objectColor + specular;
spoonColor = vec4(phong, 1.0f); //Send lighting results to GPU
}
);
/*Lamp Shader Source Code*/
const GLchar * lampVertexShaderSource = GLSL(330,
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position; //VAP position 0 for vertex position data
//Uniform / Global variables for the transform matrices
uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;
void main()
{
gl_Position = projection * view *model * vec4(position, 1.0f); //Transforms vertices into clip coordinates
}
);
/*Lamp Fragment Shader Source Code*/
const GLchar * lampFragmentShaderSource = GLSL(330,
out vec4 color; //For outgoing lamp color (smaller spoon) to the GPU
void main()
{
color = vec4(1.0f); //Set color to white (1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) with alpha 1.0
}
);
/*Main Program*/
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowSize(WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE);
glutReshapeFunc(UResizeWindow);
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
UCreateShader();
UCreateBuffers();
UGenerateTexture();
glClearColor(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f); //Set background color
glutDisplayFunc(URenderGraphics);
glutSpecialFunc(pressSpecialKey); //Detects key press
glutPassiveMotionFunc(UMouseMove);
glutMainLoop();
//Destroys Buffer objects once used
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &SpoonVAO);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &LightVAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
return 0;
}
/*Resizes the window*/
void UResizeWindow(int w, int h)
{
WindowWidth = w;
WindowHeight = h;
glViewport(0, 0, WindowWidth, WindowHeight);
}
/*Renders graphics*/
void URenderGraphics(void)
{
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); //Enable z-depth
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); //Clears the screen
GLint uTextureLoc, lightColorLoc, lightPositionLoc, viewPositionLoc;
/*********Use the Spoon Shader to activate the Spoon Vertex Array Object for rendering and transforming*********/
glUseProgram(spoonShaderProgram);
glBindVertexArray(SpoonVAO);
CameraForwardZ = front; //Replaces camera forward vector with Radians normalized as a unit vector
//Transforms the object
glm::mat4 model;
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)); //Place the object at the center of the viewport
model = glm::rotate(model, 45.0f, glm:: vec3(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f)); //Rotate the object 45 degrees on the X
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f)); //Increase the object size by a scale of 2
//Transform the camera
glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::lookAt(cameraPosition - CameraForwardZ, cameraPosition, CameraUpY);
//Creates a perspective projection
glm::mat4 projection;
if(view_state == 1){
projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)WindowWidth / (GLfloat)WindowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
}else if(view_state == 0){
projection = glm::ortho(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
}
//Reference matrix uniforms from the spoon Shader program
GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "model");
GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "view");
GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "projection");
//Pass matrix data to the spoon Shader program's matrix uniforms
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
//Reference matrix uniforms from the spoon Shader program for the spoon color, light color, light position, and camera position
uTextureLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "uTexture");
lightColorLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "lightColor");
lightPositionLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "lightPos");
viewPositionLoc = glGetUniformLocation(spoonShaderProgram, "viewPosition");
//Pass color, light, and camera data to the spoon Shader programs corresponding uniforms
glUniform1i(uTextureLoc, 0); // texture unit 0
glUniform3f(lightColorLoc, lightColor.r, lightColor.g, lightColor.b);
glUniform3f(lightPositionLoc, lightPosition.x, lightPosition.y, lightPosition.z);
glUniform3f(viewPositionLoc, cameraPosition.x, cameraPosition.y, cameraPosition.z);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 126); //Draw the primitives / spoon
glBindVertexArray(0); //Deactivate the spoon Vertex Array Object
/***************Use the Lamp Shader and activate the Lamp Vertex Array Object for rendering and transforming ************/
glUseProgram(lampShaderProgram);
glBindVertexArray(LightVAO);
//Transform the smaller spoon used as a visual cue for the light source
model = glm::translate(model, lightPosition);
model = glm::scale(model, lightScale);
//Reference matrix uniforms from the Lamp Shader program
modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShaderProgram, "model");
viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShaderProgram, "view");
projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShaderProgram, "projection");
//Pass matrix uniforms from the Lamp Shader Program
glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
//Draws the triangles
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 126);
glBindVertexArray(0); //Deactivate the Vertex Array Object
glutPostRedisplay();
glutSwapBuffers(); //Flips the back buffer with the front buffer every frame. Similar to GL Flush
}
/*Creates the Shader program*/
void UCreateShader()
{
//Spoon Vertex shader
GLint spoonVertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); //Create the Vertex shader
glShaderSource(spoonVertexShader, 1, &spoonVertexShaderSource, NULL); //Attaches the vertex shader to the source code
glCompileShader(spoonVertexShader); //Compiles the Vertex shader
//Spoon Fragment shader
GLint spoonFragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); //Create the Fragment shader
glShaderSource(spoonFragmentShader, 1, &spoonFragmentShaderSource, NULL); //Attaches the Fragment shader to the source code
glCompileShader(spoonFragmentShader); //Compiles the Fragment shader
//Spoon Shader program
spoonShaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); //Creates the Shader program and returns an id
glAttachShader(spoonShaderProgram, spoonVertexShader); //Attach Vertex shader to the Shader program
glAttachShader(spoonShaderProgram, spoonFragmentShader); //Attach Fragment shader to the Shader program
glLinkProgram(spoonShaderProgram); //Link Vertex and Fragment shaders to Shader program
//Delete the Vertex and Fragment shaders once linked
glDeleteShader(spoonVertexShader);
glDeleteShader(spoonFragmentShader);
//Lamp Vertex shader
GLint lampVertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); //Creates the Vertex shader
glShaderSource(lampVertexShader, 1, &lampVertexShaderSource, NULL); //Attaches the Vertex shader to the source code
glCompileShader(lampVertexShader); //Compiles the Vertex shader
//Lamp Fragment shader
GLint lampFragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); //Creates the Fragment shader
glShaderSource(lampFragmentShader, 1, &lampFragmentShaderSource, NULL); //Attaches the Fragment shader to the source code
glCompileShader(lampFragmentShader); //Compiles the Fragment shader
//Lamp Shader Program
lampShaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); //Creates the Shader program and returns an id
glAttachShader(lampShaderProgram, lampVertexShader); //Attach Vertex shader to the Shader program
glAttachShader(lampShaderProgram, lampFragmentShader); //Attach Fragment shader to the Shader program
glLinkProgram(lampShaderProgram); //Link Vertex and Fragment shaders to the Shader program
//Delete the lamp shaders once linked
glDeleteShader(lampVertexShader);
glDeleteShader(lampFragmentShader);
}
void UCreateBuffers()
{
GLfloat vertices[] = {
//Position //Normals //Texture //Point Name
//Front of Scoop //Positive Z
-0.4f, 0.05f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //Q
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //R
-0.6f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //U
-0.4f, 0.05f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //Q
-0.2f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //W
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //R
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //R
-0.2f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //A
-0.2f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //W
-0.2f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //W
-0.2f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //A_1
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //A
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //A
-0.2f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //A_1
0.0f, -0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //B
//Bottom of Scoop Slant //Negative X
-0.6f, 0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, //U
-0.6f, 0.1f, -0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, //V
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //R
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //R
-0.4f, -0.1f, -0.2f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //T
-0.6f, 0.1f, -0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, //V
//Bottom of Scoop //Negative Y
-0.4f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //T
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //R
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
-0.4f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //R
-0.2f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //A_1
-0.2f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //A_1
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //B_1
0.0f, -0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, //B
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
0.0f, -0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, //B
0.0f, -0.05f, -0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, //D
//Back of Scoop //Negative Z
-0.6f, 0.1f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //V
-0.4f, 0.05f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //S
-0.4f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //T
-0.4f, 0.05f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //S
-0.4f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //T
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
-0.4f, 0.05f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //S
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
-0.2f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //Z
-0.2f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //Z
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
0.0f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //C
0.0f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //C
-0.2f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //B_1
0.0f, -0.05f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //D
//Top of Scoop //Positive Y
-0.6f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, //U
-0.6f, 0.1f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, //V
-0.4f, 0.05f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //S
-0.6f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, //U
-0.4f, 0.05f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //S
-0.4f, 0.05f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //Q
-0.4f, 0.05f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 1.0f, //S
-0.4f, 0.05f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //Q
-0.2f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //Z
-0.4f, 0.05f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f, //Q
-0.2f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //Z
-0.2f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //W
-0.2f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 0.0f, //W
-0.2f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //Z
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, //A
-0.2f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.6f, 1.0f, //Z
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.3f, //A
0.0f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f, //C
//Front of Handle //Positive Z
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.1f, //A
0.0f, -0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //B
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //E
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //E
0.0f, -0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //B
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //F
//Bottom of Handle //Negative Y
0.0f, -0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //B
0.0f, -0.05f, -0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //D
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //F
0.0f, -0.05f, -0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //D
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //F
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //H
//Back of Handle //Negative Z
0.0f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //C
0.0f, -0.05f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //D
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //G
0.0f, -0.05f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //D
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //G
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //H
//Top of Handle //Positive Y
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //A
0.0f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //C
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //E
0.0f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //C
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //E
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //G
//Grip Connection //Negative X
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //I
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.2f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //J
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //K
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.2f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //J
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.1f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //K
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.2f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //L
//Front to Grip //Positive Z
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //I
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //M
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //K
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //M
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //K
1.0f, -0.1f, 0.05f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //N
//Bottom to Grip //Negative Y
0.6f, -0.1f, 0.1f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //K
1.0f, -0.1f, 0.05f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //N
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //L
1.0f, -0.1f, 0.05f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //N
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //L
1.0f, -0.1f, -0.15f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //P
//Back to Grip //Negative Z
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //J
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //L
1.0f, 0.0f, -0.15f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //O
0.6f, -0.1f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //L
1.0f, 0.0f, -0.15f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //O
1.0f, -0.1f, -0.15f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //P
//Top to Grip //Positive Y
1.0f, 0.0f, -0.15f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, //O
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.05f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //M
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //J
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.05f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0, //M
0.6f, 0.0f, -0.2f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //J
0.6f, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //I
//Base of Grip //Positive X
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.05f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, //M
1.0f, -0.1f, 0.05f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //N
1.0f, 0.0f, -0.15f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //O
1.0f, -0.1f, 0.05f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, //N
1.0f, 0.0f, -0.15f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, //O
1.0f, -0.1f, -0.15f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f //P
};
//Generate buffer ids
glGenVertexArrays(1, &SpoonVAO);
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
//Activate the Vertex Array Object before binding and setting any VBOs and Vertex Attribute Pointers.
glBindVertexArray(SpoonVAO);
//Activate the VBO
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); //Copy vertices to VBO
//Set attribute pointer 0 to hold position data
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); //Enables vertex attribute
//Set attribute pointer 1 to hold Normal data
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //Enables vertex attribute
//Set attribute pointer 2 to hold Texture coordinate data
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
glBindVertexArray(0); //Deactivate the Spoon VAO which is good practice
}
void pressSpecialKey(int key, int xx, int yy)
{
switch(key){
//Zoom object in
case GLUT_KEY_UP:
front.x += 0.1f;
front.y += 0.1f;
front.z += 0.1f;
break;
//Zoom object out
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
front.x -= 0.1f;
front.y -= 0.1f;
front.z -= 0.1f;
break;
//Change view to orthogonal state
case GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
view_state = 0;
break;
//Change view to perspective state
case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
view_state = 1;
break;
}
}
/*Implements the UMouseMove function*/
void UMouseMove(int x, int y)
{
//Immediately replaces center locked coordinated with new mouse coordinates
if(mouseDetected)
{
lastMouseX = x;
lastMouseY = y;
mouseDetected = false;
}
//Gets the direction the mouse was moved in x and y
mouseXOffset = x - lastMouseX;
mouseYOffset = lastMouseY - y; //Inverted Y
//Updates with new mouse coordinates
lastMouseX = x;
lastMouseY = y;
//Applies sensitivity to mouse direction
mouseXOffset *= sensitivity;
mouseYOffset *= sensitivity;
//Accumulates the yaw and pitch variables
yaw += mouseXOffset;
pitch += mouseYOffset;
//Maintains a 90 degree pitch for gimbal lock
if(pitch > 89.0f)
pitch = 89.0f;
if(pitch < -89.0f)
pitch = -89.0f;
//Converts mouse coordinates / degrees into Radians, then to vectors
front.x = cos(glm::radians(pitch)) * cos(glm::radians(yaw));
front.y = sin(glm::radians(pitch));
front.z = cos(glm::radians(pitch)) * sin(glm::radians(yaw));
}
/*Generate and load the texture*/
void UGenerateTexture(){
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
int width, height;
unsigned char* image = SOIL_load_image("spoon.jpg", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB); //Loads texture file
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); //Unbind the texture
}
Expected: Spoon in center of the screen, mousemovement changes the camera view (horizontally and vertically), up arrow causes camera to zoom in, and down arrow causes camera to zoom out.
Actual: Spoon not in center. Mousemovement causes the object to move (horizontally and vertically). Arrows not detected (?).

Zooming at perspective projection can be achieved by shifting the the camera position along the line of sight:
void pressSpecialKey(int key, int xx, int yy)
{
switch(key){
case GLUT_KEY_UP: cameraPosition += front * 0.1f; break;
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: cameraPosition -= front * 0.1f; break;
// [...]
}
or by changing the field of view angle:
float fov_angle = 45.0f;
projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov_angle),
(GLfloat)WindowWidth / (GLfloat)WindowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
void pressSpecialKey(int key, int xx, int yy)
{
switch(key){
case GLUT_KEY_UP: fov_angle -= 0.1f; break;
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: fov_angle += 0.1f; break;
// [...]
}
If you want to keep the spoon in the center of the view ant to orbit around the spoon, then you've to change the camera position according to the viewing direction:
void UMouseMove(int x, int y)
{
// [...]
cameraPosition = - front * glm::length( cameraPosition );
}
The matrices of the OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) have to be initialized. An identity matrix can be initialized by the single parameter 1.0:
e.g.
glm::mat4 model(1.0f);
The angles which are passed to the OpenGL Mathematics (GLM) library functions have to be set in radians rather than degrees. (In glm version 0.9.4 or less this was different).
glm::perspective():
LM_FUNC_DECL tmat4x4<T, defaultp> glm::perspective(T fovy, T aspect, T near, T far)
Creates a matrix for a symetric perspective-view frustum based on the default handedness.
Parameters
fovy Specifies the field of view angle in the y direction. Expressed in radians.
glm::rotate()
GLM_FUNC_DECL mat<4, 4, T, Q> glm::rotate (mat< 4, 4, T, Q > const & m, T angle, vec<3, T, Q> const & axis)
Builds a rotation 4 * 4 matrix created from an axis vector and an angle.
Parameters
angle Rotation angle expressed in radians.
Initialize the matrices and use glm::radians() to convert from degree to radians:
//Transforms the object
glm::mat4 model(1.0f); // <--- init
model = glm::translate(model, glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)); //Place the object at the center of the viewport
// model = glm::rotate(model, 45.0f, glm:: vec3(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f));
model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(45.0f), glm:: vec3(0.0, 1.0f, 0.0f));
model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f)); //Increase the object size by a scale of 2
//Transform the camera
glm::mat4 view(1.0f); // <--- init
view = glm::lookAt(cameraPosition - CameraForwardZ, cameraPosition, CameraUpY);
//Creates a perspective projection
glm::mat4 projection(1.0f); // <--- init
if(view_state == 1){
// projection = glm::perspective(45.0f,
(GLfloat)WindowWidth / (GLfloat)WindowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f),
(GLfloat)WindowWidth / (GLfloat)WindowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f);
} else if(view_state == 0){
projection = glm::ortho(-5.0f, 5.0f, -5.0f, 5.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
}

How to draw emf/wmf image in GDI+ with alpha blending?

I use GDI+ Graphics.DrawImage() method to draw metafile images (emf/wmf) in my application. This method allows set color matrix by ImageAttributes. I use color matrix to perform image alpha blending (drawing semi transparent image) like this:
const auto alphaPercent = 0.5f
ColorMatrix colorMatrix = {
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, alphaPercent, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f
};
ImageAttributes imageAttributes;
imageAttributes.SetColorMatrix(&colorMatrix, ColorMatrixFlagsDefault, ColorAdjustTypeDefault);
pGraphics->DrawImage(pImageToDraw,imagePosition, 0.f, 0.f, sourceWidth, sourceHeight, UnitPixel, &imageAttributes);
This method excellent works for bitmaps but not for emf metafiles.
Changing ColorAdjustTypeDefault to ColorAdjustTypePen or ColorAdjustTypeBrush doesn't help.
Example: GDI+ result:
But should be (alpha = 50%):
How to draw metafile image in GDI+ with alpha blending ?

OpenGL Color By Face

I'm new to OpenGL and theres a small project I'm working on. A part of this project is create a grid which allows for some sections of the grid to have different colors.
E.g. The entire grid is green but a block on the grid is lit red and maybe another one yellow.
What I have done to draw this grid is with GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP while using indicies. After that stage, I have also included colors in the same vertex data array. But the output isn't how i want it to be.
Firstly there was an interpolation which i tried to remove by adding the 'flat' flag for the color. But there seem to be a overlapping problem. Which resulted this picture.
Is there anyway to create a grid. Where a block of the grid can be of a different color than the grid.
Update
Here is my code for GL_TRIANGLES
short* Grid::Indicies()
{
const int X_GRID_SIZE = X_GRID_SIZE_;
const int Y_GRID_SIZE = Y_GRID_SIZE_;
const int INDICIES_SIZE = (((X_GRID_SIZE * 4) + ((X_GRID_SIZE_ - 3) * 2)) * Y_GRID_SIZE);
short* indicies = new short[INDICIES_SIZE];
int index = 0;
for (size_t y = 0; y < Y_GRID_SIZE_; y++)
{
// Current, Down, Right, Down
indicies[index++] = (short)(y * X_GRID_SIZE_);
indicies[index++] = (short)((y + 1) * X_GRID_SIZE_);
indicies[index++] = (short)((y * X_GRID_SIZE_) + 1);
indicies[index++] = (short)((y + 1) * X_GRID_SIZE_);
for (size_t x = 1; x < X_GRID_SIZE_ - 1; x++)
{
// Current, Down, Current, Down, Right, Down
for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
indicies[index++] = (short)((y * X_GRID_SIZE_) + x);
indicies[index++] = (short)(((y + 1) * X_GRID_SIZE_) + x);
}
indicies[index++] = (short)((y * X_GRID_SIZE_) + x + 1);
indicies[index++] = (short)(((y + 1) * X_GRID_SIZE_) + x);
}
// Current, Down
indicies[index++] = (short)(((y + 1) * X_GRID_SIZE_) - 1);
indicies[index++] = (short)(((y + 2) * X_GRID_SIZE_) - 1);
}
indicies_size_ = index;
return (indicies);
}
GLfloat vertices[] = {
// Position // Color
-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
};
GLuint v_buffer_object, v_array_object, e_buffer_object;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &v_array_object);
glGenBuffers(1, &v_buffer_object);
glGenBuffers(1, &e_buffer_object);
glBindVertexArray(v_array_object);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, v_buffer_object);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, e_buffer_object);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(grid.Indicies()) * grid.IndiciesSize(), grid.Indicies(), GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindVertexArray(0);
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);

Don't use GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP. Use GL_TRIANGLES and draw each block with 2 triangles and 4 vertices. Each vertex belongs to only 1 block. Thanks to that you don't have to use 'flat' flag, just change color for 4 vertices at once. You can try to draw each block separate, with space between each other. Then you can connect them by translating vertices and create the grid.

With GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, flat shading will use the color from vertex i+2 to color traingle i (this is called the provoking vertex). This doesn't get you what you want. An easy option is to switch to GL_TRIANGLES, and make sure to specify your element indexes so that the same vertex is chosen third for both triangles in each quad (because the third vertex is the provoking vertex for triangles, by default). For example, suppose these are the vertexes:
0 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15
Let's look at one of the quads:
0---1
| |
4---5
Let's choose vertex 0 to hold the color for the entire quad. What we then do is make sure that both triangles include vertex 0, and that vertex 0 is last in both triangles.
0---1
| \ |
4---5
So our index array will be:
5 1 0 4 5 0 ...
This uses positive (anticlockwise) winding order.

Inproper texture mapping while using QGLBuffer

I wrought basic OpenGL 2.1\ES example for supposed target platform, using Qt 4.7.1 library on Windows. Target is some kind of Linux, with Qt 4.8 max available, no glm or similar libraries. Embedded GPU supports ES 1.0 or OpenGL 2.1 only. Example is "classic" texture cube, which you might met in various OpenGL examples.. but those examples use direct calls to OpenGL functions, what isn't available to me for lack of proper headers and glew - both on development and on target platforms. Development platform is Windows 7.
Geometry
static const int vertexDataCount = 6 * 4 * 4;
static const float vertexData[vertexDataCount] = {
// Left face
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//0
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//1
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//2
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//3
// Top face
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, //4
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, //5
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, //6
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, //7
// Right face
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//8
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//9
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//10
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//11
// Bottom face
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//12
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//13
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//14
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//15
// Front face
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//16/
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//17
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//18
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f,//19
// Back face
0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//20
0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//21
-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f,//22
-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f //23
};
// Normal vectors
static const int normalDataCount = 6 * 4 * 3;
static const float normalData[normalDataCount] = {
// Left face
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
// Top face
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
// Right face
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
// Bottom face
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f,
// Front face
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
// Back face
0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f
};
// Texure coords
static const int textureCoordDataCount = 6 * 4 * 2;
static const float textureCoordData[textureCoordDataCount] = {
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f
};
// Indices
//
// 3 indices per triangle
// 2 triangles per face
// 6 faces
static const int indexDataCount = 6 * 3 * 2;
static const unsigned int indexData[indexDataCount] = {
0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, // Left face
4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, // Top face
8, 9, 10, 8, 10, 11, // Right face
12, 14, 15, 12, 13, 14, // Bottom face
16, 17, 18, 16, 18, 19, // Front face
20, 22, 23, 20, 21, 22 // Back face
};
This is how I load texture
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
m_texture = bindTexture(QImage("cube.png"));
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
if(m_shaderProgram)
m_shaderProgram->setUniformValue("texture", 0); // texture unit 0, assuming that we used
Vertex shader
#version 120
uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;
uniform mat4 modelViewMatrix;
attribute vec4 vertex;
attribute vec3 normal;
attribute vec2 texturecoord;
varying vec3 fragmentNormal;
varying vec2 outtexture;
void main( void )
{
// Transform the normal vector
fragmentNormal = ( modelViewMatrix * vec4( normal, 0.0 ) ).xyz;
// Calculate the clip-space coordinates
gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vertex;
outtexture = texturecoord;
}
Fragment shader
#version 120
// in
uniform sampler2D texture;
varying vec2 outtexture;
varying vec3 fragmentNormal;
// out
// gl_FragColor
void main( void )
{
// Calculate intensity as max of 0 and dot product of the
// fragmentNormal and the eye position (0,0,1).
float intensity;
intensity = max( dot( fragmentNormal, vec3( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) ), 0.15 );
gl_FragColor = intensity * texture2D(texture,outtexture); // vec4( 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
}
I bind buffers this way (prepareBufferObject is little snippet function I took from Qt sample):
// Prepare the vertex, normal and index buffers
m_vertexBuffer = new QGLBuffer(QGLBuffer::VertexBuffer );
if ( !prepareBufferObject( m_vertexBuffer, QGLBuffer::StaticDraw, vertexData, sizeof(vertexData) ) )
return;
m_normalBuffer = new QGLBuffer(QGLBuffer::VertexBuffer );
if ( !prepareBufferObject( m_normalBuffer, QGLBuffer::StaticDraw, normalData, sizeof(normalData) ) )
return;
m_texBuffer = new QGLBuffer(QGLBuffer::IndexBuffer );
if ( !prepareBufferObject( m_texBuffer, QGLBuffer::StaticDraw, textureCoordData, sizeof(textureCoordData) ) )
return;
m_indexBuffer = new QGLBuffer(QGLBuffer::IndexBuffer );
if ( !prepareBufferObject( m_indexBuffer, QGLBuffer::StaticDraw, indexData, sizeof(indexData) ) )
return;
loadShaders("vertexshader120.glsl", "fragshader120.glsl");
// Enable the "vertex" attribute to bind it to our vertex buffer
m_vertexBuffer->bind();
m_shaderProgram->setAttributeBuffer( "vertex", GL_FLOAT, 0, 4 ); //xyzw
m_shaderProgram->enableAttributeArray( "vertex" );
// Enable the "normal" attribute to bind it to our texture coords buffer
m_normalBuffer->bind();
m_shaderProgram->setAttributeBuffer( "normal", GL_FLOAT, 0, 3 ); //xyz
m_shaderProgram->enableAttributeArray( "normal" );
m_texBuffer->bind();
m_shaderProgram->setAttributeBuffer( "texturecoord", GL_FLOAT, 0, 2 ); //uv
m_shaderProgram->enableAttributeArray( "texturecoord" );
// Bind the index buffer ready for drawing
m_indexBuffer->bind();
Finally , paintGL method
void GWidget::paintGL()
{
QMatrix4x4 model;
model.setToIdentity();
model.rotate(m_rotation);
QMatrix4x4 mv = m_view * model;
// MVP = projection * view * model
// uploading MVP into shader (may add code to check if MVP was update since last redraw)
m_shaderProgram->setUniformValue("modelViewMatrix",mv);
m_shaderProgram->setUniformValue("projectionMatrix",m_projection);
// set up to render the scene
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Draw stuff
glDrawElements( GL_TRIANGLES, // Type of primitive to draw
indexDataCount, // The number of indices in our index buffer we wish to draw
GL_UNSIGNED_INT, // The element type of the index buffer
0 ); // Offset from the start of our index buffer of where to begin
}
Everything works except texture looks misaligned and skewed -both on development and on target platforms. I checked UVs and that they correspond to proper vertices - yet it looks like order of texture coordinates is wrong. Where is error here?
For reference: source code
This is my first attempt at usage of flexible pipeline, so I could do something dumb there.

You're setting up your texture coordinate buffer as an index buffer:
m_texBuffer = new QGLBuffer(QGLBuffer::IndexBuffer );
Since it contains vertex attribute data, it should be created as:
m_texBuffer = new QGLBuffer(QGLBuffer::VertexBuffer);

DirectX when I add a texture to a quad the triangles mess up somehow, fix?

First of all here are the important parts of my code.
Creating the vertices.
D3DVertexTexture Vertices[] =
{
{-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, },
{ 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, },
{-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, },
};
Creating the vertex buffer.
D3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(sizeof(Vertices),
0,
D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEXTEXTURE,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&vb,
NULL);
Memory crap.
void* pVoid;
vb->Lock(0, sizeof(pVoid), (void**) &pVoid, 0);
memcpy(pVoid, Vertices, sizeof(Vertices));
vb->Unlock();
Loading the texture.
D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(D3DDevice, "images/tex.png", &t);
Rendering.
D3DDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEXTEXTURE);
D3DDevice->SetTexture(0, t);
D3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, vb, 0, sizeof(D3DVertexTexture));
D3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, 2);
Where is my problem.
It shows a square but the left side of the side is missing in a triangular shape like this.

Vertices A,B,C,D in a triangle strip will produce two triangles: A,B,C and B,C,D
A -- B A--B B
| | \ | /|
| | \| / |
D -- C C D--C
Look at that diagram and picture those two triangles...
Then go and put your vertices in the right order - triangle strips should 'zig-zag', not proceed in clockwise or anti-clockwise order.
If you order them: A,B,D,C - the quad will draw correctly.

Have you tried defining you vertices in this order:
D3DVertexTexture Vertices[] =
{
{ 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, },
{-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, },
{-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, },
{ 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, },
};
I believe the order in wich vertices are drawn is by default the clockwise order. You are defining in an incorrect order.