Requests lose their folder assignment - postman

On occasion, a collection's grouping of requests into folders breaks and many requests are shown at the top level of the collection. It may be caused by my having the collection open on two machines at the same time, but I'm just guessing.
Does anyone else have this experience?
Does anyone know how to prevent it?
When that happens, the only fix I know is to drag-n-drop each request, one at a time, into the proper folder. This is tedious.
Is there a quicker way to get multiple requests into folders?

Related

Can the _ga cookie value be used to exclude self traffic in Google analytics universal?

Google analytics store a unique user id in a cookie names _ga. Some self traffic was already counted, and I was wondering if there's a way to filter it out by providing the _ga cookie value to some exclusion filter.
Any ideas?
Firstly, I'm gonna put it out there that there is no solution for excluding or removing historical data, except to make a filter or segment for your reports, which doesn't remove or prevent that data from showing up; it simply hides it. So if you're looking for something that gets rid of the data that is already there, sorry, not happening. Now on to making sure more data doesn't show up.
GA does not offer a way to exclude traffic by its visitor cookie (or any cookie in general). In order to do this, you will need to read the cookie yourself and expose it to something that GA can exclude by. For example, you can pop a custom variable or override/append the page name.
But this isn't really that convenient for lots of reasons, such as having to burn a custom variable slot, or having to write some server-side or client-side code to read the cookie and act on a value, etc..
And even if you do decide to do this, you're going to have to consider at least 2 scenarios in which this won't work or break:
1) This won't work if you go to your site from a different browser, since browsers can't read each other's cookies.
2) It will break as soon as you clear your cookies.
An alternative you should consider is to make an exclusion filter on your IP address. This has the benefit of:
works regardless of which browser you are on
you don't have to write any code for it that burns or overwrites any variables
you don't have to care about the cookie
General Notes
I don't presume to know your situation or knowledge, so take this for what it's worth: simply throwing out general advice because nothing goes without saying.
If you were on your own site to QA something and are wanting to remove data from some kind of development or QA efforts, a better solution in general is to have a separate environment for developing and QAing stuff. For example a separate dev.yoursite.com subdomain that mirrors live. Then you can easily make an exclusion on that subdomain (or have a separate view or property or any number of ways to keep that dev/qa traffic out).
Another thing is.. how much traffic are we talking here anyway? You really shouldn't be worrying about a few hits and whatnot that you've personally made on your live site. Again, I don't know your full situation and what your normal numbers look like, but in the grand scheme of things, a few extra hits is a drop of water in a bucket, and in general it's more useful to look at trends in the data over time, not exact numbers at a given point in time.

Determine unique visitors to site

I'm creating a django website with Apache2 as the server. I need a way to determine the number of unique visitors to my website (specifically to every page in particular) in a full proof way. Unfortunately users will have high incentives to try to "game" the tracking systems so I'm trying to make it full proof.
Is there any way of doing this?
Currently I'm trying to use IP & Cookies to determine unique visitors, but this system can be easily fooled with a headless browser.
Unless it's necessary that the data be integrated into your Django database, I'd strongly recommend "outsourcing" your traffic to another provider. I'm very happy with Google Analytics.
Failing that, there's really little you can do to keep someone from gaming the system. You could limit based on IP address but then of course you run into the problem that often many unique visitors share IPs (say, via a university, organization, or work site). Cookies are very easy to clear out, so if you go that route then it's very easy to game.
One thing that's harder to get rid of is files stored in the appcache, so one possible solution that would work on modern browsers is to store a file in the appcache. You'd count the first time it was loaded in as the unique visit, and after that since it's cached they don't get counted again.
Of course, since you presumably need this to be backwards compatible then of course it leaves it open to exactly the sorts of tools which are most likely to be used for gaming the system, such as curl.
You can certainly block non-browserlike user agents, which makes it slightly more difficult if some gamers don't know about spoofing browser agent strings (which most will quickly learn).
Really, the best solution might be -- what is the outcome from a visit to a page? If it is, for example, selling a product, then don't award people who have the most page views; award the people whose hits generate the most sales. Or whatever time-consuming action someone might take at the page.
Possible solution:
If you're willing to ignore people with JavaScript disabled, you could choose to count only people who access the page and then stay on that page for a given window of time (say, 1 minute). After a given period of time, do an Ajax request back to the server. So if they tried to game by changing their cookie and loading multiple tabs at once, it wouldn't work because they'd need to have the same cookie in order to register that they'd been on that page long enough. I actually think this might work; I can't honestly see a way to game that. Basically on the server side you store a dictionary called stay_until in request.session with keys for each unique page and after 1 minute or so you run an Ajax call back to the server. If the value for stay_until[page_id] is less than or equal to the current time, then they're an active user, otherwise they're not. This means that it will take someone at least 20 minutes to generate 20 unique visitors, and so long as you make the payoff worth less than the time consumed that will be a strong disincentive.
I'd even make it more explicit: on the bottom of the page in a noscript tag, put "Your access was not counted. Turn on JavaScript to be counted" with a page that lays out the tracking process.
As HTML Requests are stateless and you have no control over the users behavior on his clientside, there is no bulletproof way.
The only way you're going to be able to track "unique" visitors in a fool-proof way is to make it contingent on some controlled factor such as a login. Anything else can and will fail to be completely accurate.

Choice of storage and caching

I hope the title is chosen well enough to ask this question.
Feel free to edit if not and please accept my apologies.
I am currently laying out an application that is interacting with the web.
Explanation of the basic flow of the program:
The user is entering a UserID into my program, which is then used to access multiple xml-files over the web:
http://example.org/user/userid/?xml=1
This file contains several ID's of products the user owns in a DRM-System. This list is then used to access stats and informations about the users interaction with the product:
http://example.org/user/appid/stats/?xml=1
This also contains links to various images which are specific to that application. And those may change at any time and need to be downloaded for display in the app.
This is where the horror starts, at least for me :D.
1.) How do I store that information on the PC of the user?
I thought about using a directory for the userid, then subfolders with the appid to cache images and the xml-files to load them on demand. I also thought about using a zipfile while using the same structure.
Or would one rather use a local db like sqlite for that?
Average Number of Applications might be around ~100-300 and stats and images per app from basically 5-700.
2.) When should I refresh the content?
The bad thing is, the website from where this data is downloaded, or rather the xmls, do not contain any timestamps when it was refreshed/changed the last time. So I would need to hash all the files and compare them in the moment the user is accessing that data, which can take an inifite amount of time, because it is webbased. Okay, there are timeouts, but I would need to block the access to the content until the data is either downloaded and processed or the timeout occurs. In both cases, the application would not be accessible for a short or maybe even long time and I want to avoid that. I could let the user do the refresh manually when he needs it, but then I hoped there are some better methods for that.
Especially with the above mentioned numbers of apps and stuff.
Thanks for reading and all of that and please feel free to ask if I forgot to explain something.
It's probably worth using a DB since it saves you messing around with file formats for structured data. Remember to delete and rebuild it from time to time (or make sure old stuff is thoroughly removed and compact it from time to time, but it's probably easier to start again, since it's just a cache).
If the web service gives you no clues when to reload, then you'll just have to decide for yourself, but do be sure to check the HTTP headers for any caching instructions as well as the XML data[*]. Decide a reasonable staleness for data (the amount of time a user spends staring at the results is a absolute minimum, since they'll see results that stale no matter what you do). Whenever you download anything, record what date/time you downloaded it. Flush old data from the cache.
To prevent long delays refreshing data, you could:
visually indicate that the data is stale, but display it anyway and replace it once you've refreshed.
allow staler data when the user has a lot of stuff visible, than you do when they're just looking at a small amount of stuff. So, you'll "do nothing" while waiting for a small amount of stuff, but not while waiting for a large amount of stuff.
run a background task that does nothing other than expiring old stuff out of the cache and reloading it. The main app always displays the best available, however old that is.
Or some combination of tactics.
[*] Come to think of it, if the web server is providing reasonable caching instructions, then it might be simplest to forget about any sort of storage or caching in your app. Just grab the XML files and display them, but grab them via a caching web proxy that you've integrated into your app. I don't know what proxies make this easy - you can compile Squid yourself (of course), but I don't know whether you can link it into another app without modifying it yourself.

SQL Query minimizing/caching in a C++ application

I'm writing a project in C++/Qt and it is able to connect to any type of SQL database supported by the QtSQL (http://doc.qt.nokia.com/latest/qtsql.html). This includes local servers and external ones.
However, when the database in question is external, the speed of the queries starts to become a problem (slow UI, ...). The reason: Every object that is stored in the database is lazy-loaded and as such will issue a query every time an attribute is needed. On average about 20 of these objects are to be displayed on screen, each of them showing about 5 attributes. This means that for every screen that I show about 100 queries get executed. The queries execute quite fast on the database server itself, but the overhead of the actual query running over the network is considerable (measured in seconds for an entire screen).
I've been thinking about a few ways to solve the issue, the most important approaches seem to be (according to me):
Make fewer queries
Make queries faster
Tackling (1)
I could find some sort of way to delay the actual fetching of the attribute (start a transaction), and then when the programmer writes endTransaction() the database tries to fetch everything in one go (with SQL UNION or a loop...). This would probably require quite a bit of modification to the way the lazy objects work but if people comment that it is a decent solution I think it could be worked out elegantly. If this solution speeds up everything enough then an elaborate caching scheme might not even be necessary, saving a lot of headaches
I could try pre-loading attribute data by fetching it all in one query for all the objects that are requested, effectively making them non-lazy. Of course in that case I will have to worry about stale data. How would I detect stale data without at least sending one query to the external db? (Note: sending a query to check for stale data for every attribute check would provide a best-case 0x performance increase and a worst-caste 2x performance decrease when the data is actually found to be stale)
Tackling (2)
Queries could for example be made faster by keeping a local synchronized copy of the database running. However I don't really have a lot of possibilities on the client machines to run for example exactly the same database type as the one on the server. So the local copy would for example be an SQLite database. This would also mean that I couldn't use an db-vendor specific solution. What are my options here? What has worked well for people in these kinds of situations?
Worries
My primary worries are:
Stale data: there are plenty of queries imaginable that change the db in such a way that it prohibits an action that would seem possible to a user with stale data.
Maintainability: How loosely can I couple in this new layer? It would obviously be preferable if it didn't have to know everything about my internal lazy object system and about every object and possible query
Final question
What would be a good way to minimize the cost of making a query? Good meaning some sort of combination of: maintainable, easy to implement, not too aplication specific. If it comes down to pick any 2, then so be it. I'd like to hear people talk about their experiences and what they did to solve it.
As you can see, I've thought of some problems and ways of handling it, but I'm at a loss for what would constitute a sensible approach. Since it will probable involve quite a lot of work and intensive changes to many layers in the program (hopefully as few as possible), I thought about asking all the experts here before making a final decision on the matter. It is also possible I'm just overlooking a very simple solution, in which case a pointer to it would be much appreciated!
Assuming all relevant server-side tuning has been done (for example: MySQL cache, best possible indexes, ...)
*Note: I've checked questions of users with similar problems that didn't entirely satisfy my question: Suggestion on a replication scheme for my use-case? and Best practice for a local database cache? for example)
If any additional information is necessary to provide an answer, please let me know and I will duly update my question. Apologies for any spelling/grammar errors, english is not my native language.
Note about "lazy"
A small example of what my code looks like (simplified of course):
QList<MyObject> myObjects = database->getObjects(20, 40); // fetch and construct object 20 to 40 from the db
// ...some time later
// screen filling time!
foreach (const MyObject& o, myObjects) {
o->getInt("status", 0); // == db request
o->getString("comment", "no comment!"); // == db request
// about 3 more of these
}
At first glance it looks like you have two conflicting goals: Query speed, but always using up-to-date data. Thus you should probably fall back to your needs to help decide here.
1) Your database is nearly static compared to use of the application. In this case use your option 1b and preload all the data. If there's a slim chance that the data may change underneath, just give the user an option to refresh the cache (fully or for a particular subset of data). This way the slow access is in the hands of the user.
2) The database is changing fairly frequently. In this case "perhaps" an SQL database isn't right for your needs. You may need a higher performance dynamic database that pushes updates rather than requiring a pull. That way your application would get notified when underlying data changed and you would be able to respond quickly. If that doesn't work however, you want to concoct your query to minimize the number of DB library and I/O calls. For example if you execute a sequence of select statements your results should have all the appropriate data in the order you requested it. You just have to keep track of what the corresponding select statements were. Alternately if you can use a looser query criteria so that it returns more than one row for your simple query that ought to help performance as well.

Optimisation tips when migrating data into Sitecore CMS

I am currently faced with the task of importing around 200K items from a custom CMS implementation into Sitecore. I have created a simple import page which connects to an external SQL database using Entity Framework and I have created all the required data templates.
During a test import of about 5K items I realized that I needed to find a way to make the import run a lot faster so I set about to find some information about optimizing Sitecore for this purpose. I have concluded that there is not much specific information out there so I'd like to share what I've found and open the floor for others to contribute further optimizations. My aim is to create some kind of maintenance mode for Sitecore that can be used when importing large columes of data.
The most useful information I found was on Mark Cassidy's blogpost http://intothecore.cassidy.dk/2009/04/migrating-data-into-sitecore.html. At the bottom of this post he provides a few tips for when you are running an import.
If migrating large quantities of data, try and disable as many Sitecore event handlers and whatever else you can get away with.
Use BulkUpdateContext()
Don't forget your target language
If you can, make the fields shared and unversioned. This should help migration execution speed.
The first thing I noticed out of this list was the BulkUpdateContext class as I had never heard of it. I quickly understood why as a search on the SND forum and in the PDF documentation returned no hits. So imagine my surprise when i actually tested it out and found that it improves item creation/deletes by at least ten fold!
The next thing I looked at was the first point where he basically suggests creating a version of web config that only has the bare essentials needed to perform the import. So far I have removed all events related to creating, saving and deleting items and versions. I have also removed the history engine and system index declarations from the master database element in web config as well as any custom events, schedules and search configurations. I expect that there are a lot of other things I could look to remove/disable in order to increase performance. Pipelines? Schedules?
What optimization tips do you have?
Incidentally, BulkUpdateContext() is a very misleading name - as it really improves item creation speed, not item updating speed. But as you also point out, it improves your import speed massively :-)
Since I wrote that post, I've added a few new things to my normal routines when doing imports.
Regularly shrink your databases. They tend to grow large and bulky. To do this; first go to Sitecore Control Panel -> Database and select "Clean Up Database". After this, do a regular ShrinkDB on your SQL server
Disable indexes, especially if importing into the "master" database. For reference, see http://intothecore.cassidy.dk/2010/09/disabling-lucene-indexes.html
Try not to import into "master" however.. you will usually find that imports into "web" is a lot faster, mostly because this database isn't (by default) connected to the HistoryManager or other gadgets
And if you're really adventureous, there's a thing you could try that I'd been considering trying out myself, but never got around to. They might work, but I can't guarantee that they will :-)
Try removing all your field types from App_Config/FieldTypes.config. The theory here is, that this should essentially disable all of Sitecore's special handling of the content of these fields (like updating the LinkDatabase and so on). You would need to manually trigger a rebuild of the LinkDatabase when done with the import, but that's a relatively small price to pay
Hope this helps a bit :-)
I'm guessing you've already hit this, but putting the code inside a SecurityDisabler() block may speed things up also.
I'd be a lot more worried about how Sitecore performs with this much data... assuming you only do the import once, who cares how long that process takes. Is this going to be a regular occurrence?