Coin machine regarding decimals - c++

Question

Everything works as intended except one minor screwy line of code. The very last line that calculates the fee. For example if you type in 105 it says you entered $1.05, which is good, then it calculates the fee for the transaction which gives you $0.93555 as your take-home pay. I only want it to display up to the hundredths place no matter the dollar amount, not the hundred thousandth place. So it should display $0.93 because that's realistic. Note that depending on the integer you enter at the start, sometimes the decimal is placed correctly and sometimes the thousandth place is displayed, it's being screwy like that an I am not sure what to fix.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int cents;
double total;
cout<<"Enter total amount of coins (whole number): "; //Enter any whole number
cin>>total;
cents = total;
cout<<"You entered " << cents / 25 << " quarters";
cents = cents % 25;
cout<<", " << cents / 10 << " dimes";
cents = cents % 10;
cout<<", " << cents / 5 << " nickels";
cents = cents % 5;
cout<<", " << cents / 1 <<" pennies.";
cents = cents % 1;
cout<<" That is " << "$" <<total / 100 << "."<<endl; //Converting to dollar amount
cout<<"After the fee, you take home " << "$" << (total - (0.109 * total)) / 100 << "."; //What you're left with after the fee

Answer 1

You can use setprecision() if you include <iomanip> in the header and then use fixed to set how ever many digits you want to display after the decimal.
These pages explain it pretty well:
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/ios/fixed/
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iomanip/setprecision/

Answer 2

In the last statement, the expression
(total - (0.109 * total)) / 100
should be:
(total - int(0.109 * total))/100
(In this case you can get away with not using <iomanip> or any other extras. Simply cast the product to int)

Answer 3

The bug:
The take home fee does not give only two decimals places. Example: Entering 105 coins give a take home fee of 0.93555.
Expected behavior:
The take home fee should be rounded down to two decimal place. (I assume "The Company" want more money. So they want round down the take home money. Every penny counts.)
Tracing the possible causes of the bug:
The take home fee is printed by the last line. So the last line may cause the bug.
The last line's formula ((total - (0.109 * total)) / 100) depends on the variable total.
Only the cin line (cin >> total;) and the definition of total (double total;) affects the variabletotal
These are all of the possible causes of the bug.
Simplified program that contains all possible causes of the bug:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double total;
// Enter any whole number
cout << "Enter total amount of coins (whole number): ";
cin >> total;
// What you're left with after the fee
cout << "After the fee, you take home " << "$"
<< (total - (0.109 * total)) / 100
<< ".";
}
Some ideas:
Idea 1: To round down a float number to integer, just cast it to integer. (e.g. cout << int(30.10) << "\n";)
Idea 2: Round down a float number to two decimal places is multiply the float number by 100, round down the result to integer, and then divide by 100.0.
If that sounds too tedious, can also use a library. see Rounding to 2 decimal points
A solution:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
// Enter any whole number
cout << "Enter total amount of coins (whole number): ";
double total;
cin >> total;
// calculate the take home fee without rounding
double take_home_money = (total - 0.109 * total) / 100;
// Round down the take home fee to two decimal places
take_home_money = int(take_home_money * 100) / 100.0;
// What you're left with after the fee
cout << "After the fee, you take home $"
<< take_home_money << ".";
}
Also see the answer at C++ , A code to get an amount of money to convert into quarters, dimes , nickels, pennies